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Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area of the feet and tne floor
Gajdoš, Miloslav ; Jandová, Soňa (advisor) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee) ; Šťastný, Petr (referee)
Title: Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area level of the feet and the floor Objective: The aim of the dissertation was to verify how walking in high-heeled shoes influences the time and pressure parameters of the step cycle and posture during slow and very slow walking in low experienced wearers. Methods: The research study was an empirical, comparative intra-individual study. Pedar-X® measuring inserts (Novel, Munich, Germany) were used to measure the distribution of plantar pressures and to evaluate time parameters while walking on a conveyor belt at v1 = 0.97 ms-1 and v2 = 0.56 ms-1 in straight shoes and high-heeled shoes. SonoSens Monitor Analyzer® (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to assess posture. The research group consisted of thirty healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes occasionally (age: 21.8 ± 2.09 years, weight: 55.7 ± 4.05 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.03 m). Anova test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the Cohen coefficient d was used to calculate material significance. Results: Significant differences in time and plantar pressure variables were found when walking in high-heeled shoes compared to straight footwear. For both types of footwear, walking speed only affected time variables, but not dynamic...
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Comparative analysis of motional pattern of swimming style crawl and specific strength exercises
Vaněčková, Jitka ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee) ; Ružbarský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Comparative analysis of the crawl pattern and specific exercises. Purpose: The aim of the dissertation is to evaluate the coordination similarity ratio of involvement of selected muscles during the crawl swimming cycle as a target movement with imitation movement acts. Methods: The research study has the character of an intra-individual and inter- individual comparative analysis of the coordination characteristics of the movement system. This is a sequential triangulation of a quantitative-qualitative approach and an intragroup case study with an experimental way of getting data. Results: Muscle activation of selected muscles during the crawl did not show a significant difference in effect size compared to the imitation movements on the Biokinetic swimming simulator and exercising with swimming expanders. Keywords: Biokinetic, expanders, surface electromyography, swimming, swimming simulator,
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Analysis of a pressure distribution on the level of foot and shoe interaction when running in flatlands with minimalist and sport shoes.
Charousek, Jan ; Jandová, Soňa (advisor) ; Zvonař, Martin (referee) ; ZAHRADNÍK, DAVID (referee)
Problem: Running is one of the most widespread physical activities. Incorrect running technique, training quantity but also the runner's equipment can strongly affect health condition of the individual, both positively and negatively. For that reason various trends emerge in the area of running footwear. They include classical sports shoes with different types of impact attenuation as well as the minimalist footwear made to imitate barefoot running, which should be much more natural for humans, as insisted by B. Nigg in his book "Born to Run" - where he says that man was born to walk and run barefooted. Inappropriate shoes can cause various health complications, not only in the foot area. Objective: To find out how foot strike changes in the area of the foot-shoe interaction in running on flat ground when an amateur runner uses minimalist and sports footwear and to draw conclusions for training practice on the basis of the results. Methods: The thesis deals with amateur endurance running in different shoe types (minimalist and sports shoes). The study specimen consisted of 14 female runners (mean body weight 63,31 ± 4,89 kg, height 169,69 ± 4,71 cm, age 31,92 ± 5,34 years, speed in minimalist shoes (MO) 3,34 ± 0,06 m.s- 1 , speed in sports shoes (SO) 3,29 ± 0,06 m.s-1 , weekly mileage 37,54 ± 9,43...
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Involvement of the muscles of the upper body collected at time of cross-country skiing and during simulating exercises
Horyna, Roman ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee) ; Hnízdil, Jan (referee)
Title: Upper body muscles activity in V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2 Objectives: Comparison of involvement upper body muscles during V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We found statistically significant coordination similarity by comparisons muscle preactivation and activation during V2 skating technique and double poling. Trunk flexors musculus obliquus abdominis externus and musculus rectus abdominis showed unlike the main propulsion muscles, musculus pectoralis major, musculus triceps brachii and musculus latissimus dorsi, significantly higher preactivation during V2 skating technique and double poling in comparison to skiing machine Concept 2. Activation of the main propulsion muscles on a skiing machine Concept 2 is significantly higher than during V2 skating technique and double poling. Skiing machine Concept 2 cannot be considered as a specific training method for cross-country skiing. Long-term application may cause disruption of double poling technique. Key words: Cross country skiing, V2 skating technique, double poling, skiing machine Concept 2 (SkiErg), kinesiology, surface electromyography
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Comparative - kinsiological analysis of the rowing stroke on a single scull and on a rowing machine Concept 2
Zbořilová, Martina ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee) ; Hnízdil, Jan (referee)
Title: Kinesiological analysis of the rowing stroke on a single scull and on a rowing ergometer Concept 2 comparison Purposes: The purpose of the present study was to determine a specific structure in timing of selected muscles during two movement patterns - rowing on a single scull and rowing on an ergometer Concept 2. Methods: By surface electromyography we recorded muscular activity, synergies and involvement throughout mean cycle of the rowing stroke. Results: The mutual correlations of mean EMG curves of all measured muscles showed, that there were not found any differences in inter-locomotive synchronization of selected muscles. Established values of correlation (r) showed higher level of dynamic balance (performance similarity between both measured activities. Determination of the muscular activity timing considering onsets and cessations, was in the percentual results explication of the movement cycle inter-locomotive different. Conclusion: Results showed a great similarity in synergies organizing the muscular coordination in between both measured physical activities. But timing of the movement was different in the moments of muscular activity onsets during rowing and during ergometer rowing. This may be attributed to the specificity of on-water locomotion. Key words: Rowing, Concept 2,...
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The reflection kinesiology analyse of cross country skiing
Chrástková, Martina ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee) ; Dvořák, František (referee)
Title: The reflection kinesiology analyse of cross country skiing Purposes: To compare coordination of chosen muscles on leg during reflection of cross country skiing classic technique, skating and herringbone. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We founded statistical significance by comparisons muscle activation on right leg during kick during cross country skiing: classic technique, diagonal stride and herringbone and V-1 skating and herringbone. In case the left leg the statistical significance was disprove by: m. peroneus longus sin during comparison of diagonal stride and herringbone and m. gastrocnemius medialis sin V-1 skating and herringbone. We founded high level of laterality of diagonal stride and herringbone. In case V-1 skating, the significant similarity was not founded for m. vastus lateralis and m. gluteus medialis. Key words: Cross country skiing, classical technique, skating, herring bone, kinesiology, surface electromyography (EMG), muscles activation
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Comparison kinesiology content move forward on the frame speed and padles ergometer
Charvátová, Alena ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
: The content of the following thesis was to determine whether locomotion through the shoulder girdle in our case, kayaking and paddling simulator, made the same timing of muscle involvement. Muscle loops run in a diagonal character and chaining muscle groups depending on the imposition of puncta fixa, proximal or distal . Locomotion research provided through the shoulder girdle will be made at kayaking, which is typical for this locomotion. Movement is carried trunk muscles, shoulders and upper limbs. There is, however, also activate the muscles of the lower limbs, motion pattern is becoming global and it also serves to link with the ship. The research objective was to determine the content of the kinesiology of movement while the frame forward to kayaking gear, and its comparison with other types of locomotion made through the shoulder girdle. According to the timing of muscle involvement can specify a "reference framework map of coordinating locomotion. Successive order to evaluate differences in timing of muscle involvement in different types of activities and determine the effectiveness of their use as training resources for performance paddlers. Electromyographycaly we watched the activity of selected muscles in repeated actions: typical human locomotion braiding shoulder, while kayaking and...
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Monitoring of changes regarding muscle involvement in specific areas of human motion system when walking and nordic walking
Škopek, Martin ; Kračmar, Bronislav (advisor) ; Kučera, Miroslav (referee) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
The Dissertation is concerned with monitoring of changes regarding muscle involvement in specific areas of human motion system when walking and Nordic walking (NW) with focus on adults and by means of electromyography method. Within the process of field testing there were 9 randomly selected individuals at the age of 50 - 60 tested to elicit differences in the motion system. There was an effort to find certain differences within involvement of specific muscle groups in the area of shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and lower limbs and retrieval of similarities of coordination attributes concerning locomotion at horizontal presented by paradigm of kinesiological content of reflexive crawling according to Vojta's principle. Kinematic analyses was used to discover a difference in involvement of specific muscles between Nordic (v = 5 kph) and regular walking (v = 4, 75 kph) up to 10˚ of ascent. Muscles where their MVC was diagnosed the difference in individual muscle involvement was monitored expressed in percentage. The values found were consequently related to their referential value of MVC and tested by means of Wilcoxon test for dependent selection. Muscles where MVC value was not diagnosed the intraindividual comparative analyses of activation muscle pair similarity was carried out on the grounds of...
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Swimming technique of physicaly disabled swimmers with unilateral above-knee amputation
Čuříková, Lada ; Süss, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee) ; Fořterová, Petra (referee)
Headline: Swimming technique of physically disabled swimmers with unilateral above-knee amputation Aim of the Thesis: The aim of this thesis is to describe the intra-individual differences in the swimming technique of unilateral above-knee amputees by measuring the EMG of selected muscle groups. Methods: Surface EMG measurement in combination with using synchronized video recordings. Results: Research of the observed swimmers with unilateral above-knee amputation showed that: when swimming the front crawl, the swimmers unequally balance the intense kick of right and left leg mainly using the abdominal muscles and subsequently also in the electric potential of different sizes in other observed muscles; when swimming the backstroke, the upper body muscles on the side of amputated limb do not show any different activity than the muscles of the opposite side; when swimming the breaststroke, the main propulsion muscle for locomotion through the shoulder girdle - m. latissimus dorsi is activated for a longer period of time on the side of amputated limb; thereby, electrical activity of the selected muscles is not symmetrical in the timeline. Key words: swimming step, swimming, above-knee amputation, electromyography, muscle activity, handicap, EMG.
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The Cuban revolution in international context from the beginning of the fifties to the beginning of sixties
Jandová, Soňa ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee) ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor)
This work is dedicated to the political development in Cuba from the beginning of the fifties to the beginning of the sixties of the 20th century. This period is mostly known because of the Cuban revolution. The international relations between Cuba and the United States are the main interest of this thesis. AU chapters describe the most important incidents which affected Cuban history in this time. Because of the complexity of thís topíc, the history before the rise of anti-Batista opposition is also mentioned. The changes and reforms after the revolution did not only change the relations between Cuba and the USA, but affect relations in the whole region.
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