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Mumps and its epidemiological characteristic
Ovečková, Markéta ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Based on stated epidemiological information we can see that periodic mumps vaccination is a necessary part of paediatric care of present population. Nowadays, mumps vaccination is provided in more than 100 countries all over the world. Several epidemics occurred in these countries with involvement of vaccinated and non-vaccinated people since the introduction of vaccination. Very often was the most affected group the group of 19-23 old people. The main reason of current epidemics is probably the low collective immunity in group of older children because of extinction after previous vaccination. The main reason in adult group is not being immunized naturally. The import of disease from other countries influences the origin of epidemics in the Czech Republic, for example import from Poland, where the periodic vaccination started as late as in 2004. Most of young doctors have probably never met mumps in their practices, whereas their older colleagues have often forgotten heterogeneous symptoms of infection. Sometimes it is very difficult to recognize this illness in time. The primary symptoms usually experience in the first time practical doctors, dentists, otorinolaryngologists and internal-medicine doctors. Doctors of urologic and surgery specializations should not miss orchitis when the testicles...
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Comparison of pertussis incidence in the world and in the Czech Republic
Čurdová, Anna ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor)
There was a significant decrease of incidence of pertussis after the routine vaccination by whole cell vaccine in 1958 in Czech Republic. Since the 90's an upward trend of incidence has been observed in the Czech Republic again. There was an age shift from the group of youngest childern toward older childern, adolescents and adults. The highest increase in pertusis cases occured in 10-14 year- olds. This age shift of pertussis incidence conduced to introduction of new revaccination programme for children in the age of 10 - 11 years by booster dose. The question is if this change of the vaccination schedule is enough or if iťs convenient to administer the sixth dose of vaccine in the age of 9 year. Despite high pertusis vaccine coverage in many other developed countries a similar upward trend of incidence, especially in older childern and adults, has been observed. Infants are at greatest risk of death or severe complication of pertusis. Older childern, adults and vaccinated population have often mild or atypical, misdiagnosed forms of pertussis and might represent a significant source of infection for non-immune infants. Target vaccination of parents, grandparents and a specific group of population in a close contact with non-immune child (health workers, educationists) should be also considered. Further...
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Epidemiological aspect of pertussis in the Czech Republic
Fabiánová, Kateřina ; Kříž, Bohumír (advisor) ; Pazdiora, Petr (referee) ; Smetana, Jan (referee)
The aim was to document the trend in pertussis in the Czech Republic (CR) with regard to the infant population under one year of age, which is at highest risk for pertussis. Another point was to answer two questions: 1) whether the recent rise in pertussis cases in the CR is caused by new lineages of B. pertussis, against which the available vaccines are not effective, and 2) whether the circulating strains of B. pertussis are susceptible to antibiotics of choice. Data on pertussis cases were derived from the surveillance programme. Two hundred and sixty-five children under one year of age with laboratory confirmed pertussis, diagnosed between 1997 and 2013, were included in the study. B. pertussis isolates obtained within the surveillance of pertussis were examined by molecular biological methods - MAST (multiantigen sequence typing), MLVA (multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis), and MLST (multilocus sequence typing). B. pertussis strains isolated from patients between 1967 and 2010 were tested for susceptibility to first-line antibiotics for the treatment of pertussis. The analysis of the epidemiological situation confirmed an upward trend in pertussis in the CR since the 1990s in all age categories, including children under one year of age. Nearly 77 % of children acquired pertussis...
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Comparison of vaccines against pertussis
Karásková, Veronika ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor)
Pertussis is a disease with high infectiousness, caused by gramnegative bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Bordetella colonizes the respiratory epithelium and induces typical symptoms. The main factors of pathogenesis are filamentous hemaglutin (FHA), pertussis toxin (PT), pertactin (PRN), fimbrial agglutinogens (fim2, fim3). The disease has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal and recovery. Cultivation method is used as a diagnostical proof. The causal therapy of pertussis is antibiotical therapy, especially macrolides. Pertussis is a disease preventable by vaccination. In 1958, the routine vaccination was started in Czech Republic by whole cell vaccine. There was a significant decrease of incidence of pertussis after that. During the 90's the incidence has gently grown up again. Pertussis was an infant disease before (children up to 5 years of age). Nowadays we can see an age shift to adolescents and adults. Pertusis is most dangerous for children younger than one year. The infection of the adults could be mild or even asymptomatic. The whole cell vaccine has often side effects, which are worse with raising age and frequency of sticks. In 2007 there was a new vaccination schedule introduced in Czech Republic which contains a new acellular vaccine. There are fewer side effects after vaccination with acellular...
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Epidemlological characteristic of hemorrhagic fevers and possible importance for the Czech Republic
Svobodová, Alžběta ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor)
The viruses of hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) indicate acute infections disorders. They can be in progress asympthomaticly or as a light fever disorder, but in the higt percent of cases they end up by the patient's death. Viruses of hemorrhagic fevers keep up outdoor thanks to the host animal on which they are according to their existence fully depend. Transmission to a human is possible because of the vectors. Mosquitos, ticks or rodents are the most frequently vectors. Aerosol or contacts with infected person are the other ways of transmision. Some VHFs can be transmited due to a contact with an attacted animal. There is no causal medicine of the most VHFs, supporting therapy plays the main role in patient's treatment. Similarly, the vaccination doesn't mostly exist and the prevention of VHF aims at the vector control and at the prevence of their contact with human. Althouht VHHs are found mainly in tropic and subtropic areas, rarely, it is possible meet with them in the form of imported infections in our country. It seems that with increasing number of people travelling abroad, with increasing possibility of travelling to exotic countries and with increasing migration of inhabitants, we will meat imported infections of VHHs more often in the future. In connection with global warming and geographical...
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Fabrication of well defined nanoporous structures with application in membrane sensing
Fabianová, Kateřina ; Édes, Zoltán (referee) ; Sadílek, Jakub (advisor)
Theme of this bachelor thesis is focused on preparation of the metal nanomenhir structures situated in highly oriented matrix of silicon nitride nanopores based plasmonic biosensor. Porous structures were prepared by reactive ion etching of silicon nitride film using electron beam lithography prepared temporary mask as a template. Deposition of metals was handled by evaporation and magnetron sputtering and results was compared. Finally, this work assumes reached results including successful approach of sensor preparation without contamination of surrounding surface by heavy metal ions.
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