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Gold nanosystems for the detection of molecules using surface-enhanced Raman scatterings (SERS)
Benešová, Markéta
Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique to analyze the chemical structure of molecules by a phenomenon known as Raman scattering, which occurs by an inelastic interaction of photons with the valence electrons in molecular bonds. However, Raman scattering can be hard to observe due to other, more frequent phenomena, such as Rayleigh scattering or fluorescence. SERS (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) uses localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanostructures to amplify Raman scattering. LSPR is a coherent oscillation of conduction electrons that arises from the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with metal nanostructures. The amplification of Raman scattering occurs when the analyte is adsorbed on the surface of such nanostructure and the strong localized electric field interacts with the electrons in its molecular bonds. Signal amplification of several orders of magnitude can be achieved, commonly 103 or more. In our work, we determined the presence of a selected bacterial species by multi-functionalized golden nanoparticles called SERS-tags, which have their surface modified with an antibody and a Raman reporter. The antibody allows the nanoparticles to bind to the surface of a concrete bacterial species based on the antigen-antibody affinity. When the targeted bacterium is covered with the nanoparticles, the Raman reporter signal is amplified by SERS, providing specific and strong Raman response. Therefore, when the Raman reporter signal is detected in a sample, it confirms the presence of the specific bacterium on a single-cell level.
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Trust as a legal implant
Benešová, Martina ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
117 Abstract Title: Trust as a legal implant Subject of this thesis is a trust and its implementation in the Czech law. The fundamental question behind this thesis is whether it is possible to successfully implement common law trust in continental legal systems. In recent decades, a number of new legal institutions have appeared in Europe, falling into the category of so-called fiduciaries, which fulfil the functions of a trust. Therefore, it is appropriate to assess how to incorporate this institution into our law so that it does not disrupt the local legal system and at the same time does not lose its elementary attributes. The first chapter is focused on historical forms of trust in Europe, starting with Ancient Rome, through the Middle Ages to modern fiduciary forms in Czech law. The content of the second chapter is focused on a comparison of foreign forms of trust. In the first part, an analysis of the legal regulation of the common law trust and its historical predecessors is processed and a comparison is made with historical European trust forms. Other parts deal with the study and comparison of the current trust structures of some European countries, namely France, Germany and others. The subject of the third chapter is an analysis of the legal regulation of the trust of the Canadian province of...
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The Poetics of Disgust in Slovak literature of Eastern Slovakia after 2000
Zvoláneková, Tímea ; Pátková, Jana (advisor) ; Benešová, Michala (referee)
This bachelor's thesis devotes itself to poetics of disgust in current literature of east Slovakia, i.e. literature published after the year 2000. The goal of the introductory chapters is to define the concept of disgust, taking into account both its physical and social aspects. After that, there is a formulation of five questions, which will be determining for the analysis of the poetics of disgust. The subject of the analytical part is a paradigmatic interpretation of three isolated forms of disgust in works of selected finalists in the Anasoft litera competition, their part in creating poetics specific for a given region, along with a thematic characterization. Material basis is composed of prosaic texts of following authors: Ivana Gibová, Víťo Staviarsky, Agda Bavi Pain, Milo Janáč, Tomáš Varga and Jana Micenková.
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The image of a person with intellectual disabilities in contemporary Polish drama
Rejková, Natálie ; Benešová, Michala (advisor) ; Pátková, Jana (referee)
(in English): The main aim of this thesis is to compare the image of the inner world of characters with mental disabilities and the attitude of the society towards these people in contemporary Polish plays, primarily on the example of the text Debil by Malina Prześluga, which will later be compared with Helverova noc by Ingmar Villqist. The author will focus on the analysis of society's approach to people with mental disabilities, as the aforementioned dramas reflect it, as well as on eventual transformation over time. Attention will also be paid to the depiction of the delayed development of a mentally challenged individual in these plays (for example, speech, solving social situations, e.g. conflicts, understanding the surrounding world).
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Mapping of provided addictological aftercare services for gerontoadictological clients in Jihočeský, Jihomoravský and Vysočina Region
Benešová, Martina ; Volfová, Anna (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Resources: Due to the demographic aging of the population in developed countries, the proportion of seniors in the population is increasing. This trend is also reflected in the adictology which we are increasingly meeting the target group addicted to addictive substances (gerontoadictology). The Czech republic has a relatively well-established network of services for addiction clients in which the residential care service has a justified place. It is focused on maintaining positive behavioral changes, gradual integration of s, which programmes and adaptations it has for them, or what are the gaps in the care of these clients. Targets: egions for gerontoadictology clients. The thesis identifies possible limiting factors for this target group and deserves authentic subjective experience of research in the role of relatives of addicted clients during communications with services. Methodology: Practical part of the thesis was realized by the qualitative research method Mystery shopping during which implementers of the study were finding out by the phone, in the role of potential candidates for aftercare service, needed information. Research group over 18 years of age up to at least 70 years of age. According to the survey there are seven of these facilities. The obtained data were processed by the...
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Gold nano systems for the detection of molecules using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Benešová, Markéta ; Bernatová,, Silvie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on the production and use of gold nanosystems to enhance Raman scattering. Metal nanoparticles, when interacting with electromagnetic radiation, form so-called localized plasmons, which can enhance Raman scattering. SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) is a non-destructive analytical technique used in this work to measure the concentration and chemical changes in the rhodamine B molecule. Rhodamine B was subjected to photocatalytic degradation using two types of photocatalysts before measurement: TiO2-(H) and TiO2-(H)-Ag. The quantitative dependence of rhodamine B photodegradation on the presence of photocatalysts in a given period time was sought using photodegradation processes. The results of measurements using the SERS method were compared with the results obtained by UV-VIS spectroscopy. From the measured data, it was found that the photocatalysts significantly accelerate the photodegradation processes, because the Raman signal of rhodamine B decreased, while the signal decrease was most pronounced for the catalyst with added TiO2-(H)-Ag, less prominent but still statistically significant signal decrease was observed for the TiO2-(H) catalyst. In the control sample without the addition of photocatalyst, no decrease in signal was observed. In the next phase of the thesis, a sandwich immunoassay was designed that uses SERS to detect E. coli bacteria or other specific microorganisms in the sample. The first component of the sandwich immunoassay is gold nanoparticles, which carry a so-called Raman reporter, which has a clear Raman response in the spectrum, and gold nanoparticles amplify this signal, and antibodies, thanks to which the particles specifically bind to the microorganism. Another component is either gold layered slides or magnetic nanoparticles, which are modified with antibodies and serve to immobilize microorganisms. This system can be a fast and very accurate way to identify a given microorganism in a sample.
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Solvency II Methods for Life Insurance
Benešová, Martina ; Finfrle, Pavel (advisor) ; Mazurová, Lucie (referee)
Název práce: Metodiky Solvency II v životním pojištění Autor: Martina Benešová Katedra (ústav): Katedra pravděpodobnosti a matematické statistiky Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Pavel Finfrle, Ph.D e-mail vedoucího: finfrle@generalippf.eu Abstrakt: Tato diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou solventnosti pojišťoven v souvislosti s konceptem regulatorního rámce Solvency II. Na začátku práce jsou shrnuté základní body o Solvency I, dále je větší pozornost věnovaná vlastnostem Solvency II a jednotlivým kategoriím rizik, jejichž správná kvantifikace je pro Solvency II klíčová. V další části jsou představeny metody na výpočet kapitálové dostatečnosti - interní a částečné interní modely a podrobněji pak standardní model. Klíčové dvě kapitoly práce se pak detailně zabývají rizikem storen v ži- votním pojištění. Rozebrána je standardní metodika výpočtu kapitálového poža- davku, a je navržen stochastický model, který ji rozšiřuje zahrnutím informace o diverzitě odbytových cest. Monte Carlo simulací je demonstrována nižší rizikovost pojišťovny s širším polem zprostředkovatelů. Klíčová slova: solventnost, Solvency II, kapitálové požadavky, riziko storen Title: The methods of Solvency II for life insurance Author: Martina Benešová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Pavel...
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Bifunctional ligands for copper(II) complexation
Benešová, Martina ; Kotek, Jan (advisor) ; Lorenc, Miroslav (referee)
The main aim of this thesis was preparation of makrocyclic ligand based on 1,4,8,11- tetraazacyklotetradecane skeleton, which is suitable for selective complexation of divalent copper. Cyclam macrocycle bears one weakly coordinating aminobenzylphospinate pendant arm (compound L). During the synthesis was the skeleton asymmetrically protected in positions 1,4 and 8. Attachment of phospinate pendant arm was tried with the corresponding Mannich reaction of ethyl or bis(trimethylsilyl) esters 4-nitrobenzylphosphinic acid and alkylation using mesyl ester derived from hydroxomethyl(4-nitrobenzyl)phosphinic acid (benzyl O- methylsulfonylhydroxymethyl(4-nitrobenzyl)phosphinate). In the frame of this work the synthesis of the targeted product was developed. Reproducibility was also verified for synthesis of cyclam and its asymmetrical protection in three positions. Furthermore, a study of the kinetics of de-protection of cyclam skeleton and pendant arm using basic and acid hydrolysis was done. NHNH NH N P O NH2 OH ( L ) KEYWORDS Cyclam, phosphinates, nuclear medicine, copper(II) complexes.
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Actuarial approach to credit risk modelling
Benešová, Milena ; Benková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mandl, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with one of the models for the credit risk measurement - the model CreditRisk+. The theoretical part describes the theory which is the basis for this model. Further, the thesis demonstrates an applicative example of calculation distribution of default losses. The model uses Poisson distribution as the distribution of the number of defaults from this we can proceed to the distribution of default losses which is output from this model. The theoretical part also presents two variants of this model. The first of this variant is the calculation of the distribution of default losses with fixed default rates. The main asset of this model is the second variant which calculates with the variable default rates. The applied part deals with the recurrence relation which is described with the model-makers. This thesis deals with the combination of CreditRisk+ with the another model known as CreditMetrics, too. The calculation is realized on the basis of Monte Carlo's simulation of the future portfolio. The aim of this part is to demonstrate how this model is applicable in practise.
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