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Aluminium fractionation in water treatment.
Houšková, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
Aluminium and natural organic compounds are common components of surface water in our country. Removal of these substance represents one of basic problems of water treatment. Chemical treatment process is based on particles destabilisation and aggregation. The efficiency of treatment is influenced by many chemical and physical factors (the reaction conditions, type and dosage of destabilisation reagens, reactive pH, the mean velocity gradient and the period of its duration). Common water treatment technologies are based on the reagent doeses optimisation. Properties of formed aggregates (namely their size, shape and density) and their separation capabilities are influenced by the magnitude of the velocity gradient and the period of its application. This thesis is focused on the optimisation of doses of alum - Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O and the properties of aggregation. For increasing of alkalinity the lime water was used as an alkalisation reagent. Laboratory tests were conducted by jar test using the variable speed paddle gang stirrer. The result showes that Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O is suitable destabilisation reagens, but salts of the Fe3+ ionts are better.
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Cleaner production
Stegarescu, Rodica ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Preventing negative impacts on the environment is better than fixing it afterwards. From this argument the field of cleaner production has developed, which is the continuous application of an integral strategy to processes, products and services to increase the overall efficiency and reduce the risks to humans and the environment. For production processes cleaner production defines more efficient use of raw materials and energy, elimination of toxic, hazardous materials and preventing waste and emissions at source. For products (goods and services) cleaner production strategy focuses on reducing their environmental impact, and across their entire lifecycle, from development to their use. This strategy was firstly implemented in the United States, in the 3M company from Minnesota and after obtaining positive results, it spread all over the Word, in Europe though, pioneers were the Swedes. Many international organizations have created programs for the promotion and development of cleaner production in as many countries as possible, mostly through the National Center for CP, which were established in the early nineties by UNIDO and UNEP. These centers were created to provide services for businesses, governments and other participants and to assist with the implementation of methods, practices,...
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Case study - biogas plant Úpice
Přidal, Štěpán ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pastorek, Zdeněk (referee)
In this work, a full-scale biogas plant (electrical installed capacity of 150 kW) located in Úpice near the city of Trutnov was monitored and assessed. The input materials of this plant are sewage sludge and different types of organic wastes. The samples of solid digestate were regularly taken between December 2008 and December 2009 and they were analysed for the content of toxic substances. Data concerning the amounts of particular input materials and the production of biogas were obtained directly from the operator of the plant. In order to reveal, if there is a relationship between the amount of particular input material and the production of biogas, a multiple linear regression was used. Finally, an overall assessment of the biogas plant was also implemented. The results of chemical analyses showed the digestate fulfills the norms given by the Czech legislation and thus can be certified and put on the market. Potentially problematic substances that should be monitored in the future are zinc and PAHs. A multiple linear regression identified "a gut fillings" and "silage" as the most suitable substrates for the biogas production in this plant. However, the value of r2 coefficient was quite low (r2 ~ 0,73), so we cannot say there is a clear relationship between the amounts of particular input...
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Assessment of sediments from the Vuznice resevoir (PLA Krivoklatsko) for agricultural purposes
Cepáková, Šárka ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
The Vůznice Reservoir is located in the Protected Landscape Area Křivoklátsko. The thesis took advantage of the special possibilities to sample bottom sediment from the drained reservoir's space. The Vůznice Reservoir is discharged only exceptionally. Concentrations of heavy metals were evaluated in the sediments' samples. Given values were compared with pollution limits under current legislation of the Czech Republic for possible application of sediments on agricultural land resources. In addition, the values were compared with the U.S. EPA limits, particularly with PEC and TEC. Selected heavy metals meet the required limits of Decree No. 257/2009 Coll. placed on the sediment. Key words: toxic metals, Vuznice, bottom sediment, application of dredged sediments on land
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Monitoring of water quality in protected landscape area streams - Křivoklátsko
Kesnerová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Riesová, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with monitoring of surface water quality in CHKO Křivoklátsko. The main purpose of monitoring is to obtain information about a state of flow and development during the previous period and to determine the pollution stage according to relevant standards. The theoretical part describes the basic information about the locality where they come from water samples and basic characteristics of sets of parameters. This section also includes theoretical assesment of sediment. The experimental part shows the practical determinates of each parameter, with the calculation of the quantities present and physical indicators. This section is followed by evaluation of measurement results, which are arranged in tables, including readings of all required parameters. The paper concludes an assessment of the monitoring of quality and compare the current state compared with the previous reporting period at each sampling point. Key words: chemical composition of water, water quality, sediments
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Quality assessment of biowaste
Karasová, Milada ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
1 Biowaste has recently been the main problem of waste management. The problem lies in biowaste landfill. During its decomposition leads to air pollution and potentially are at risk ground water. This work deals with the quantity and quality of the produced biowaste and biowaste management. Contemporary technologies and pilot projects are also presented. Keys words: biowaste, quantity of biowaste, biowaste treatment
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Methods of treatment of urban waste water and the possibility of using treated water
Charalambous, Panagiotis ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Nowadays, wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly necessary due to the reduction of water resources, the increasing price of drinking water, as well as the shrinking underground water reserves. The treatment of wastewater for reuse and disposal is particularly important for countries and regions which suffer from drinking water shortage. Thus, it is vital to find sustainable solutions for the better protection of the environment and also to improve the water's quality by adapting new and more efficient technologies. This bachelor thesis contains a comprehensive study of different methods and technologies that are used today for the wastewater treatment, with a specific emphasis on urban wastewaters. Furthermore, it examines the post-treated wastewater management, including possible ways of reusing them in many aspects. Keywords: urban wastewater, activation process, biofilters
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