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Convective storms and lower stratospheric moisture
Šťástka, Jindřich ; Setvák, Martin (advisor) ; Púčik, Tomáš (referee) ; Zacharov, Petr (referee)
Title: Convective storms and lower stratospheric moisture Author: Jindřich Šťástka Department: Department of Atmospheric Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Martin Setvák, CSc., Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Abstract: The primary focus of this thesis is to diagnose contributions to upper tropo- spheric and lower stratospheric (UTLS) water vapor from convective storms. The first parts of this work introduces two approaches used for a detection of lower stratospheric water vapor above convective storm tops - brightness temperature difference (BTD) technique and EOS MLS measurements. The BTD technique is based on brightness temperature difference between the water vapor absorp- tion and infrared window bands, assuming a thermal inversion above the cloud top level. The most frequently offered explanation of positive BTD values above convective storms is presence of warmer water vapor in the lower stratosphere. Furthermore, so called BTD anomalies were described and it was proposed an algorithm for objective detection of such BTD anomalies. Characteristics of pa- rameters describing BTD, BTD anomaly, infrared window brightness temperature were investigated during storms evolution on dataset of 320 storms from the area of Europe. The analysis of these characteristics proved highly probable conection between positive...
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Permeability of natural surfaces of Hruba Skala sandstone in rock cities for water vapour and intensity of evaporation
Slavík, Martin ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavlíková, Milena (referee)
Aim of this study was to describe capillary water and vapor transport in shallow subsurface of Hrubá Skála sandstone in the Bohemian Paradise. I have quantified permeability of Hrubá Skála sandstone for water vapor using "wet cup" method and also capillary water absorption of sandstone drill cores. I have found out general rules of evaporation and rate of evaporation from several sandstone outcrops in real microclimate. Important part of my work was to determine whether surface crust plays some role in studied parameters. Based on my results, permeability of different types of sandstones for water vapor does not vary significantly and surface crust has no effect on rate of water vapor diffusion. Rate of capillary water absorption is reduced by surface crust. Hrubá Skála sandstone is classified as medium or highly absorbing material. I have proved that evaporation from porous medium can be approximated by exponential function. Rate of evaporation is strongly controlled by climatic conditions, especially by relative humidity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Measurement of greenhouse gas concentrations
Dohnal, Jan ; Vyroubal, Petr (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the greenhouse effect, various gases and methods of measurement. On the greenhouse effect is viewed from its historical dating, despite changes in atmospheric composition. It contains a theoretical analysis of the individual gases. It focuses on the most harmful greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and halons. Analysis methods for detection of gaseous substances. Part of this work is focus on the detection of nitrogen dioxide, chloro-fluorocarbon and methane. The data is processed using a ATmega’s microcontroller and then sent to an Internet server thingspeak.com. If the device proves successful, will be used as a laboratory exercise in the course Ecology in electronics.
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Functional Verification of the Waterproofing in the Building Structures
Semerák, Filip ; Adamovský, Radomír (advisor) ; Vítězslav, Vítězslav (referee)
The task of this thesis is to verify the functionality of the different types of waterproofing used in the building structures in terms of diffusion of water vapor. A vapour retarder, used in the roof structures and the facade systems of the wooden buildings, were primarily selected for purposes of this thesis. The first chapter contains a brief summary of the problem of the moisture distribution in the building structures and problems caused by the moisture excess. The second chapter describes the building structures, which used the vapour retarder in their assemblies, there are also described their composition and usually used materials. In the third chapter there is a description how to measure the diffusion of the water vapor through the building materials and also, there is a detailed description of the method used for the experimental measurements. The experimental measurement creates the main part of the fourth chapter. The equipment needed for this kind of measurements, the choice of materials and the description of chosen method are part of this chapter to. The fourth chapter also presents the measurement results, which are compared with the parameters specified by the manufacturer of waterproofing materials. The final part of this thesis summarizes the results of measurements and brings the recommendations for effective structural design in terms of the diffusion of the water vapour.
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Measurement of greenhouse gas concentrations
Dohnal, Jan ; Novák, Vítězslav (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
This semester thesis deals with the greenhouse effect, various gases and methods of measurement. On the greenhouse effect is viewed from its historical dating, despite changes in atmospheric composition and reactions of individual institutions. It contains a theoretical analysis of the individual gases. It focuses on the most harmful greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and halons. Analysis methods for detection of gaseous substances. Part of this work is focus on the detection of nitrogen dioxide and chloro-fluorocarbon. The data is processed using a microcontroller and then sent to an Internet server thingspeak.com. If the device proves successful, will be used as a laboratory exercise in the course Ecology in electronics.
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Thermal bridge, condensation of water vapor and the risk of mold growth
Kalousek, Miloš
Thermal bridge occurs in envelope structures and is undesirable in terms of signs inside the building. If the construction is not sufficient internal surface temperature begins to surface water vapor condensation and mold growth under the given boundary conditions, ie temperature and relative humidity of indoor air. How can I prevent this phenomenon within the project and construction or in the proposal to follow up. Examples will be given by thermovision method diagnostic, modeling of temperature field and the elimination of thermal bridges.
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OPTIMIZATION OF WELLNESS AIR CONDITION
Kysilka, Michal ; Zubíček, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šikula, Ondřej (advisor)
The theme of diploma thesis is a design optimization of air distribution in swimming-pool hall with regard to free water surface evaporation. This problem was solved according to determined criterions with the aid of CFD simulation. Experimental measurement part of the thesis deals with evaporation problems where own formula for this physical phenomenon is determined. This formula is compared with already known algorithms. Author suggests that such formula might be integrated in CFD software.
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Barrier properties of varnishes for protection of photographs
Lokotschová, Radka ; Čeppan, Michal (referee) ; Veselý, Michal (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the basic principles of inkjet print, ink composition, print media and degradation mechanisms of ink dyes are summarized. The thesis deals with study of varnish barrier properties in coloured inkjet prints. Permeability of water vapour and oxygen (parts of atmosphere) depending on different coatings are tested there. In addition the influence of ozone on degradation of dyes was studied, while ozone was permeating through barrier varnish layer of inkjet print. Ozone plays an important role in degradation processes of the inkjet prints and it also causes a gas-fading. Concentrations of acting ozone were established by iodometric titration. Simultaneously kinetics of degradation of Orange 7 was studied on indicator papers.
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Super-heated steam cycles
Uherek, Jan ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis is to present new, highly efficient thermal cycles used in power plants, and to compare them with classical cycles. First, the impact of these cycles on the efficiency of electricity production is examined. The following section describes power plants where the supercritical technology has been successfully installed. The last section explains the calculation of the heat transfer surface. The conclusion of this thesis attempts to outline the future of energetics from the author´s point of view.
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