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Genetické možnosti šlechtění včely medonosné
Orlova, Sofiia
There was a significant decrease in bees worldwide in the early 21st century. This thesis focused on the study of genetic factors affecting the biodiversity of a population A. mellifera. A lot of genetic markers associated with key features of bees, such as hygiene behaviour and resistance to disease, can be used to select new lines with better characteristics and the potential to maintain and improve bee population. Exploitation of molecular genetic methods, such as SNP detection, has helped to identify genetic variants in some individuals and track their spread. In combination with traditional selection methods, for instance performance-based selection and phenotype analysis, molecular methods allow the selection of individuals with the best genetic characteristics and the improvement of the overall genetic quality of the bee population. Genetic diversity is a crucial factor for the health and survival of bee colonies, it is therefore important for beekeepers to use modern molecular genetic techniques to preserve the best bee qualities.
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Analýza chovu anglického plnokrevníka a výkonnosti dostihových koní narozených v letech 2006 až 2010
Janků, Michaela
The diploma thesis is focused on the history and current situation of Thoroughbred breeding, its use in racing and the characteristics of the racing system. The practical part contains an analysis of breeding in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2010 and subsequent statistical evaluation of the factors such as sex, suffix, period (date) and year of birth, in relation to general handicap (GH) and earnings, in horses born between 2006 and 2010 in flat and steeplechase races. Horses that had shown up on the racetrack at least once were selected for the analysis and we tracked their careers from 2 to 10 years of age. The data were statistically evaluated in the STATISTICA programme. Statistically highly demonstrably lower profits have flat horses of Czech origin CZE (17 464 CZK) compared to FR (70 898 CZK) in 2-year-old horses. Also, the performance of Czech flat horses CZE (53,8 kg) is statistically conslusively lower compared to FR (64,6 kg), GB (65 kg), GER (62,3 kg) and IRE (64,3 kg). 3-year-old flat horses CZE (24 316 CZK) have statistically demonstrably lower profit than horses with suffixes GB (151 767 CZK) and IRE (115 628 CZK). Statistically highly conclusive differences were between horses CZE (52,2 kg) and horses of American origin USA (79,2 kg), GB (70,7 kg), IRE (70,9 kg) and GER (65,8 kg), statistically significant conclusively with Polish horses POL (61,1 kg). In the category of 4-year-old and older flat Czech horses, geldings (56,2 kg) had statistically more performance than mares (53,3 kg) at 4 years of age. The birth year had an impact on the performance of 5, 6 and 7 year-olds, with statistically significant differences in 5 year-old horses between the years 2006 (62,4 kg) and 2010 (50,2 kg), 2007 (59,3 kg) and 2010, 2008 (58,8 kg) and 2010. When evaluating the results of 3-year-old and older Czech obstacle horses, we found a statistically conclusive difference in gender performance between 4-year-old, 5-year-old, 9-year-old and 10-year-old horses. Statistically conclusively differed the gain of mares and geldings in 4 years – mares (59.1 kg), geldings (62.2 kg), then in 5 years – mares (60.7 kg), geldings (63 kg). 9-year-old mares (59.6 kg) had lower performance than geldings (67.7 kg), in 10 years geldings (70.9 kg) again had higher performance than mares (56.2 kg). The effect of sex on profit was statistically different in 9-year-old horses, where the difference between mares (CZK 27,818) and geldings (CZK 107,965) was significant. 10-year-old geldings (CZK 119,285) had statistically more demonstrably higher profit than mares (CZK 5,782).
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Analýza délky struků u českého strakatého skotu
Sečkař, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of teat length in first-calf heifers of Czech Fleckvieh cattle. The measured teat length is here evaluated and related to other selected indicators of exterior and milk yield in the selected group of first-calf heifers. The work also compares the values of the measured teat lengths with the estimated values of the exterior evaluator from the official evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers. In connection with teat length, an analysis of the used bulls and lines in breeding is carried out here. In this experiment were measured 121 first-calf heifers. The average length of hind teats was 3.4 cm and fore teats 4.52 cm. The measured values were statistically significantly different from the official teat length estimate, the teat lengths indicated by the exterior evaluator were on average 0.24 cm higher. It can also be stated that the front teats were on average 1.2 cm longer than the rear teats. The correlation between fore and hind teat length was 0.73. No statistically significant influence of the level of milk yield on the length of the front and back teats was observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant influence of the sire effect (p <0.01) on the length of the front teats was observed. Chest circumference also had a statistically significant (p <0.05) effect on the length of the front and back teats. Dairy cows with a larger chest circumference had longer teats. In conclusion, it can be stated that milk productivity is not related to the length of the teats, the father's influence appears to be essential, so the farmer can solve the problem of short teats in his herd especially by using suitable bulls with regard to the breeding value for teat length.
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Vliv rodiny na exteriér a dosažení tělesné dospělosti u plemene Shagya-arab
CERMANOVÁ, Eliška
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to analyse data on the exterior and body dimensions of Shagya-Arab mares at registration in the studbook and subsequently to measure the actual body dimensions of a part of the mare population. The mares were separated by family and the effect of family on exterior, body size and maturity termination was evaluated. For the first part, 332 Czech-bred mares from 10 different families were used and 33 broodmares belonging to 4 families were included in the second part. The enrolment data were: age, final mark, withers stick height, withers strip height, shank circumfe-rence and chest circumference. Actual body measurements were wither stick height, wither tape height, shin circumference, and chest circumference. The results show that the population under study on average meets the breeding objective in all parameters evaluated. The best average score of 7.73 points was found for family 6-CZ. In this family, the highest average stick height (156 cm), the highest average tap height (164.5 cm), the highest average chest circumference (187.82 cm) and the highest average shin circumference (18.90 cm) were still measured. This fa-mily also has the most mares registered in the main studbook (51). According to the results it can be taught that the most powerful (largest) and the most typical mares are from the 6-CZ family. In the studied population of 4 families, a statistically highly significant effect of family was shown only for the age at which growth in height was stopped in mares (measured with a cane in the co-hutch). The result shows that other body dimensions were not statistically significantly influenced by family. From the results it can be concluded that the owner should adapt the age at which he starts working with the horses to the earliness of the individual family. The breeder should then pay attention to the exterior of the parental pair when selecting suitable individuals so that future generations of Shagya-arab horses still meet the breeding objective.
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Tailed amphibians (Caudata) in zoos - breeding, rearing, trend analysis
FIALA, Antonín
Amphibians are currently one of the most endangered vertebrate groups. In addition to the well-known factors such as habitat loss, illegal trade or global warming, a rela tively new specific factor is threatening salamanders (Caudata). In recent years, the fungal disease BSAL (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans) has started to spread not only in Western Europe. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the breeding of tailed amphibians in zoos and private breeding, to explore its history and present. The sources are the international database ZIMS, yearbooks of Czech and Slovak zoologi cal gardens and questionnaires distributed among breeders through social networks and in cooperation with AG Urodela. As of the first half of 2023, 801 species of tailed amphibians have been described. Zoos keep 127 species, i.e. 15.9%. According to the findings of my survey, 93 species, i.e. 11.6%, are kept in private breeding.
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Porovnání užitkových vlastností mezi plemeny králíků velký světlý stříbřitý a kalifornský
Sysel, Zdeněk
In the literary part, the bachelor thesis deals with the history of rabbit breed-ing and their quantity in the Czech Republic. It is also mentioned classification of breeds based on their weight and the technology used in small-scale and farm breeding. Next part deal with performance, such as growth rate and car-cass yield. In connection with the performance characteristics, rabbit meat and fur production are characterized. The experimental part describes the comparison of performance character-istics of Californian and Great Light Silver breeds in small-scale breeding. Ob-served animals were weighed regularly from 6 weeks old and slaughtered at 18 weeks old. The Great Light Silver breed achieved better daily growth, on aver-age 35.84 g before weaning and 22.25 g after weaning. The highest growth rates in both breeds were observed in the 7-11 weeks of age. After slaughter, the carcass yield was calculated and the carcasses of both breeds were com-pared again. The average slaughter weight of the California breed was 2262 g and the carcass yield was 54%. The Great Light Silver breed was weighed an average slaughter weight of 2777 g and the carcass yield was calculated to be 56%. The Californian breed excelled in the weight balance of individuals regard-less of gender, the VSS breeds females had better growth ability than males.
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Produkce, zpracování a nutriční vlastnosti ovčího masa
Ryvolová, Jana
The bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of production and technology of lamb and mutton meat processing. Meat production and consumption now and in recent years is described in the introductory chapter. Individual breeds are divided according to utility focus. The following chapters deal with a theoretical view of the breeding, nutrition and reproduction of sheep. Technological processing for the purpose of obtaining meat begins with the breeder preparing for transport to the slaughterhouse. The next steps are pre-slaughter operations, stunning and slaughter itself. The influences on the final quality of the meat are also mentioned. Chemical and nutritional properties are described with a focus on the most important components of sheep meat, their usability and benefits for the human body. The final part of the thesis summarizes the sensory and microbiological quality, culinary processing, including various methods of heat treatment and the most famous sheep dishes popular across all continents.
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Porovnanie plnokrvných plemenných žrebcov pôsobiacich v ČR podľa výkonnosti potomstva
Tomková, Kristína
I chose the topic of comparison of thoroughbred breeding stallions operating in the Czech Republic according to the performance of the offspring mainly because I would like to point out the competition ability of Czech breeding stallions in Czech breeding despite a large number of imports from turf developed countries and thus even stronger fathers compared to those who managed to get for the Czech breeding, because I was myself curious about the overall balance of selected breeding stallions. First of all I dealt with the characteristics of the English Thoroughbred, where I began the very beginning of the breed, from the three founders through the first sports use to breeding and use today.
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The malting barley breeding and growing in the Czech Republic
PANSKÁ, Terezie
The breeding and cultivation of malting barley has an irreplaceable role in the Czech Republic. Malting barley is bred and grown mainly to produce quality grain, which is a key commodity to produce domestic beer. Increasing demands are placed on the quality and yield of malting grain, due to the rising level of "Czech beer ". The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the quality of malting barley in the Czech Republic in 2010-202. Further collect and evaluate knowledge about breed-ing and malting barley cultivation in the Czech Republic. The work is created in the form of a literature search and monitoring results of ÚKZÚZ and the Czech Statistical Office for the period. The first part of the litera-ture search is focused on the breeding of barley and the development of new varie-ties, so to ensure a genetic influence on the resulting quality and yield of the leading grain of malting barley. Subsequent cultivation includes a description of the devel-opment of technologies that also contribute to the quality and yield of final produc-tion. The final part of the bachelor's thesis is devoted to a summary of the results of breeding and cultivation for the period, which showed the irreplaceable application and productive development of this cereal.
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Návrh standardu plemene králíka Miniature Lop a porovnání metod šlechtění
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Monika
The main topic of this diploma thesis is the rabbit breed Miniature Lop, which is not yet recognized in the Czech Republic. Miniature Lop was bred in Great Britain, where the breed standard was accepted in 1994. Standard breeds have been also accepted by other European countries. The aim of this work was to design a breeding standard to correspond foreign standards. Another goal was to evaluate the situation of this breed in the Czech Republic and describe the various breeding methods. The data were processed through the Survio online questionnaire and through the creation of tables in MS Excel, which were sent to a total of ten Czech breeders. Graphs and tables were made in Apple Numbers. The first import of the Miniature Lop breed from Great Britain took place in 2017. The number of breeders dedicated to this breed is increasing. At the same time, the number of imported individuals to the Czech Republic is growing. As by March 31, 2022, a total of 86 individuals had been imported from abroad. A total of 26 animals were marked with the B.R.C. ring. The majority of individuals, a total of 62 %, came from Great Britain. Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Austria followed. The individuals for whom the name of the original breeder was mentioned came from a total of 30 different foreign breeders. The rabbits were imported in a total of 51 colours. The most widely imported colour was Seal Point. Most imported individuals weighed in the range of 1,400-1,500 g. The weight of the does was on average higher, ranging from 1,300 to 1,900 g. Bucks usually weighed between 1,200-1,600 g. Additional data were found from a total of 65 litters of 268 kittens on March 1, 2022. The average number of kittens in the litter was 4.12. The average proportion of peanuts in the litter was 10.07 %. Of the total number of kittens, including peanuts, 63.80 % survived to weaning. The deaths of kittens during birth to weaning occurred in 26.11 %. Almost a quarter of all kittens were used by other breeders of the Czech Republic. A total of 2.23% of kittens were exported to foreign breeders. A breed standard was designed and individual breeding methods were described.
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