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Variabilita podkorunových srážek ve smrkových tyčkovinách v závislosti na intenzitě výchovného zásahu
Pavlištová, Hana
The thesis studied the effect of various pre-commercial thinning intensities on throughfall variability in pure Norway spruce small-pole stands. For this study, three research plots with different tending treatment intensities applied before the beginning of the 2020 growing season were utilised. Plot B was left without any silvicultural intervention as a control variant with an initial stand density of 4,500 trees/ha, while on plots A and C were performed mild (1,800 trees/ha) and heavy (1,300 trees/ha) pre-commercial thinning, respectively. Based on the results, we found the highest rainfall in plot A. Thus, the most suitable tending treatment from the viewpoint of rainfall mild (1,800 trees/ha; plot A) where the most water get to the root system.
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Analýza morfometrických parametrů tracheid dřeva smrku ztepilého (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) na výzkumné ploše Bílý Kříž a Rájec-Němčice
Novák, Tomáš
This thesis is about analysis of morphometric parameters of Norway spruce tracheid wood from research areas Bílý Kříž and Rájec–Němčice. Wood for examining was sampled from different heights of trees. Width of the annual ring and percentage of late wood was determined at macroscopic level. Annual ring width ranged from 2,2 to 4,5 mm. The percentage of late wood was found to be 24 %. Microscopic analysis of tracheid wood dimensions followed. Radial size of tracheids was determined and averaged 31 μm. Tracheid cell wall thickness ranged from 2 to 10 μm. The number of tracheids increases with trunk height as does the width of the annual ring. Wood density of sampled wood averaged 450 kg·m-3. The variability of the wood structure by radius and height was examined. Subsequently, the obtained data was compared with precipitation and temperature.
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Inventarizace výskytu jeřábu ptačího (Sorbus aucuparia L.) ve vybraných porostech Moravskoslezských Beskyd (revír Baraní)
Kaděrka, Josef
This bachelor thesis is focused on the inventory of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in selected forest stands of the Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. The inventory was carried out in the bishop's forests of the Ostrava-Opava Diocese in the cadastral district of Bílá. The expanse of the inventory area is 191.58 hectares. Altogether 60 stands were inventoried in three departments. Sample plots were selected in each stand. Both rowan and maternal stand trees were counted and measured on individual plots. At the three selected plots, in addition to the height of the rowan, the diameter of the root collar was measured, the number of game damage was determined, and their age was identified in the laboratory. The obtained data were analyzed in Excel. The average number of rowans per hectare is 2854. In the height structure, most individuals are within 20 centimetres and 21 to 50 centimetres. In most stands, the percentage of spruce exceeded 50%. The average age of individuals from natural regeneration is 5.5 years and each individual has been on average 4.5 times damaged by game.
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Model přežívání smrku ztepilého v podmínkách gradace lýkožrouta smrkového
ONDŘICHOVÁ, Nikola
As a result of the gradation of the bark beetle, there is often extensive damage to spruce stands. Although not only damaged but also healthy stands are attacked during massive gradation, there are individuals who survive this gradation. The aim of this thesis was to determine which selected environmental variables affect the survival of trees in the conditions of gradation of the bark beetle. The area of interest of my thesis was the Březník area, located in Šumava. The evaluation showed that a strong effect increasing the probability of stands survival was manifested in the variable containing edaphic categories, especially in the edaphic category of the 9th class. This class represents a waterlogged permanently wet area, which increases the probability of vegetation survival and largely corresponds to humidity conditions. The distance to the natural edges of the stand also contributes to the increasing probability of survival. This thesis can be useful with its results and conclusions in the field of forest management.
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A variety of transpiration in the young spruce stands with different thinning management
Zavadilová, Ina ; Szatniewska, Justyna ; Vágner, Lukáš ; Krejza, Jan ; Pavelka, Marian
Managing the spruce forest growing beyond its favourable conditions is trading between water consumption and increasing biomass. We examined tree transpiration in four stands with different thinning intensities in a 40-year-old spruce forest in South Moravia. Tree transpiration was significantly higher under moderate and heavy intensity compared to low intensity and control plots. Tree transpiration differed also among trees of different sizes within the treatments and also between the treatments. The stem increment was visibly increasing with the intensity of treatment, particularly for suppressed trees. The findings show an ecological tree response two years after the thinning.
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Detection of bark beetle attack of Norway spruce using spectral and biophysical data at different hierarchical levels
Vesecká, Martina ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
There was created an overview of key aspects for a correct understanding of the dynamics between bark beetle and Norway spruce, especially the way of life of the beetle and the time course of its life cycles. It is absolutely essential to understand this interaction for a timely and effective solution to the bark beetle calamity. Furthermore, the mutual interaction of beetle and tree is discussed in detail in the text. Great emphasis is placed on the description of the spruce's defense mechanisms and the consequences of the attack. In particular, biophysical changes in the needles, which cause a change in the spectral behaviour of the leaves and thus the entire forest stand. Using sensor capable of measuring the reflectance of surfaces, it is possible to detect a bark beetle-infested tree much earlier than changes in the needles could be detected by the naked eye and remove it while it is still colonized by the beetle and not spreading further into surrounding trees. This is key to managing not only the current bark beetle calamity. An overview of case studies is given in the thesis, where the use of spectral methods at different hierarchical levels was applied and satisfactory accuracy in the identification of early infested trees was achieved. Key words: Norway spruce, bark beetle, bark beetle...
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Influence of mountain farming termination on forest stands in the east part of the Krkonoše Mts.
Mach, Dominik ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the impact of abandonment of agricultural land on forest stands in the eastern part of the Krkonoše Mountains. The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the evolution of the forest response to gradual termination of mountain farming. Specifically, I analysed the age structure of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and described the dynamics of secondary forest succession in meadow enclaves around huts. Three main research methods helped meeting the above-mentioned objectives of the thesis. The first is the analysis of old maps. The second is segmentation and supervised classification of aerial photographs. The last is dendrochronological research of the age structures of Norway spruce. Research showed the expansion of forest stands into treeless grassland enclaves. The main driving force behind this process of secondary succession has been the gradual decline of mountain farming. After the end of mountain farming in the middle of the 20th century,the dynamics of forest succession in meadow enclaves increased significantly, with the highest rate of succession in the following 20 years. Forest succession took place mainly along the edges of meadow enclaves. Inside the meadow enclaves, trees were mostly established along streams. The most significant factor that...
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Natural regeneration of spruce stands in Vysoké Tatry (High Tatras) after large scale disturbation
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee)
The observational study on natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was provided during seasons 2010 and 2011 in the windthrow area of High Tatra National Park. The main aim of this master thesis was to describe the distribution pattern in Norway spruce regeneration as well as to estimate the spatial scale, which most preciselly describes the differences in its phenotypic variability. Following step was to determine the relative influence of abiotic and stand factors on the growth characteristics and abundance of spruce seedlings. The Main focus lied on stressing the role of biotic interactions, like intraspecific and interspecific competition, leading to certain discrepancies in the phenotype, as well as in abundance of spruce seedlings.The reponse in variability in spruce traits was recognized at each spatial level. The results showed clear causality between soil moisture and vegetation composition, which both directly modified not only the phenotype of spruce seedlings and plants, but have even influenced their counts on particular stands.
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Laboratory/Field Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Image Data for Vegetation Studies
Červená, Lucie ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Müllerová, Jana (referee)
Dominant vegetation species of two structurally and functionally different montane ecosystems were studied by means of laboratory and field spectroscopy and remote sensing image data: (1) a homogeneous human-influenced evergreen coniferous forest represented by a Norway spruce forest in the Krušné hory Mountains and (2) a heterogeneous natural ecosystem of a relict arctic-alpine tundra in the Krkonoše Mountains with predominance of grasses. The first part dealing with the Norway spruce forest is especially focused on the methods of laboratory spectroscopy. The assessment of Norway spruce stands on a regional and a global scales requires detailed knowledge of their spectral properties at the level of needles and shoots in the beginning, but ground research is very time-demanding. Open spectral libraries could help to get more ground-truth data for subsequent analysis of tree species in forests ecosystems. However, the problem may arise with the comparability of spectra taken by different devices. The present thesis focuses on a comparability of spectra measured by a field spectroradiometer coupled with plant contact probe and/or two integrating spheres (Paper 3) and proves the significant differences in spruce needle spectra measured by the contact probe and integrating sphere, spectra of...
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