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Statistické metody pro stanovení váhy evidence v procesu identifikace.
Slovák, Dalibor ; Klebanov, Lev (oponent) ; Zvárová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
In the present work we study an identification of culprit and assesment of evidence against him. At first we define a simple model called the island problem and we derive the weight-of-evidence formula in its basic form. In the next chapters we analyse several modifications of island problem and related issues. We find how we can deal with uncertainty about basic parametres of model, like size of population. We investigate possibility of inclusion of different errors or influence of relatedness and subpopulation structure into model. At the close we enlarge mixtures of DNA, including deriving and programming of appropriate formulas.
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Míry biodiverzity a jejich aplikace
Horáček, Martin ; Klebanov, Lev (oponent) ; Zvárová, Jana (vedoucí práce)
In the present work we study problems that are connected to measures of biodiversity. Our approach to these problems is based on theory of information, namely on so called generalized entropies, also known as f-entropies. If we add a restriction on these f-entropies, we receive a set of functions that we call f-diversities, which satisfy usual requirements for functions that are intended to measure biodiversity. Moreover, we show that many measures of diversity that are used in practice are either f-diversities or continuous functions of some f-diversity. We study various measures of diversity and we investigate whether they can or can not be included in this framework. We introduce a concept that can be used to evaluate sensitivity to changes of various measures of diversity. This concept might be useful to study behavior of different measures of biodiversity. We also study issues connected to estimates of biodiversity measures and we investigate some types of estimates. For one type we present a slightly modified approach that can result in better estimates for some measures. We focus on theoretical investigation of measures of diversity, however most of our results are practically applicable.
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