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Population ageing and its consequences on development of social policy in Kazakhstan
Kumarbekova, Gulzana ; Kalibová, Květa (oponent) ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (vedoucí práce)
Population ageing and its consequences on development of social policy in Kazakhstan Gulzana Kumarbekova Abstract Population ageing is a social process which represents one of the most important changes in the population development in the 20th and 21st centuries. The intensity, timing and speed of this process have been varying throughout history; reaching its highest peak in contemporary societies. The population ageing process is particularly evident in countries that have finalized the process of demographic revolution, i.e. developed countries. Population ageing is a serious concern in these countries as ageing is already well spread and continues to do so, posing significant challenges to the economy of pension schemes and social policy. The present study (master dissertation) describes the interdependence between this process and the development of social policy in Kazakhstan. According to population forecasts, rapid population ageing is expected in Kazakhstan as decreased birth rates will inevitably result in changes in the age structure. Keywords: population, ageing, Kazakhstan, social policy. Старение населения - это социальный процесс, который представляет собой один из наиболее важных изменений в развитии населения в 20-м и 21-м веках. В течение всей истории интенсивность, сроки и скорость...
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Recent changes in marital and extramarital fertility according to ethnicity in Kazakhstan
Dyussupova, Saule ; Kalibová, Květa (oponent) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (vedoucí práce)
Contemporary Kazakhstan has experienced different social and political changes since being an independent country. These changes influenced demographic processes such as fertility. The number of live births per one woman has altered, but what were the changes among ethnicities and what type of fertility has changed more: marital or extramarital? To answer these questions more sizable ethnicities in Kazakhstan, which are Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks were chosen. After examining the trends for the above mentioned ethnicities, their demographic positions in marital and extramarital fertility were explained. Meanwhile, despite the fact that the social-cultural attitudes of each ethnicity differ from each other, the tendency in marital fertility was going up among all ethnicities and in case of extramarital fertility, mostly among non and mixed traditional ethnicities was going down. Thus, based on the results of the research, the author has concluded the following: after the stabilization of economic and political conditions in the country the number of marital births increased, whereas traditional ethnicity (Uzbek) has experienced the fastest increase in the proportion of extramarital births in Kazakhstan which can be explained by the different external influences such as increasing number...
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Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan
Karmenova, Zhaniya ; Kalibová, Květa (oponent) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (vedoucí práce)
Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan Abstract This study primarily addresses nuptiality and fertility patterns among youth in East Kazakhstan region. The data are obtained from censuses, vital statistics and survey "Marital and reproductive behavior of young women in Ust-Kamenogorsk". The survey data collection has been supported by Center of International programs of Kazakhstan "Bolashak" and Charles University in Prague. The aim of the thesis is to study marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan region, in particular, differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. Nuptiality and fertility rates have increased in the region during the study period. Hence, the impact of external socio-economic factors on marital and reproductive behavior of population was analyzed. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Fertility, Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Ust- Kamenogorsk, Youth
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Vývoj sekundárního indexu maskulinity ve světě
Mielniczková, Aneta ; Kalibová, Květa (oponent) ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (vedoucí práce)
Vývoj sekundárního indexu maskulinity ve světě Abstrakt Sekundární index maskulinity je jedním ze zkoumaných poměrů pohlaví populace. Cílem práce je popsat vývoj tohoto indexu v období 1950-2008 v celém světě. Svět je zde analyzován nejdříve na úrovni "podregionů", následuje analýza kontinentů a poté shrnutí výsledků. Výpočty pro úroveň "podregionů" jsou porovnány s odhady OSN. Analýza kontinentů je zobrazena pomocí tabulek četností, které ukazují vývoj indexu v čase a také dostupnost dat. Závěr práce je věnován teoretickým předpokladům, které by mohly mít vliv na pohlaví potomka. Tyto předpoklady jsou pak často spojovány s epigenetickými faktory ovlivňujícími pohlaví u některých zvířat. V analýze sekundárního indexu maskulinity je upozorňováno na důležitost spolehlivosti dat, která hraje klíčovou roli. Nedostatečná data byla bohužel pro Afriku, kde hodnoty významně kolísaly. Naopak vyspělé státy poskytly kvalitní data. Většina očekávaných předpokladů byla výsledky potvrzena. Klíčová slova: sekundární index maskulinity, poměr pohlaví při narození, vlivy na pohlaví
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