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Dependence of the Sweep Rate of Whistler-mode Chorus Emissions on the Plasma Density
Macúšová, Eva ; Santolík, Ondřej ; Gurnett, D. A. ; Pickett, J. S. ; Nunn, D. ; Trakhtengerts, V. Y. ; Demekhov, A. G. ; Titova, E. E. ; Kozelov, V. ; Rycroft, M. J.
Whistler-mode chorus consists of intense electromagnetic wave packets generated by a nonlinear mechanism involving wave-particle interactions. Chorus wave packets are discrete frequency-time structures in a frequency range from a few hundreds of Hz to several kHz changing their frequency on a time scale from a few tenths of seconds to a few seconds. The source region of chorus emissions is localised close to the geomagnetic equatorial plane. Our investigation is based on multipoint measurements of the wideband (WBD) plasma wave instruments on board the four Cluster spacecraft. We investigate the sweep rate of the chorus frequency as a Whistler-mode chorus consists of intense electromagnetic wave packets generated by a nonlinear mechanism involving wave-particle interactions. Chorus wave packets are discrete frequency-time structures in a frequency range from a few hundreds of Hz to several kHz changing their frequency on a time scale from a few tenths of seconds to a few seconds. The source region of chorus emissions is localised close to the geomagnetic equatorial plane. Our investigation is based on multipoint measurements of the wideband (WBD) plasma wave instruments on board the four Cluster spacecraft. We investigate the sweep rate of the chorus frequency as a function of the cold plasma density in the equatorial plane and then we compare it A theoretical model, numerical simulations and also our preliminary results from the measurements predict an increasing sweep rate with decreasing cold plasma density.
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Statistical analysis of equatorial noise emissions as a function of magnetic local time
Hrbáčková, Zuzana ; Němec, F. ; Santolík, Ondřej
The four spacecraft of the Cluster mission collect a unique data set since January 2001. We process the time period from January 2001 to December 2009. The spacecraft changed their orbits over the last few years, resulting in the data set with excellent coverage of a wide range of radial distances from the Earth, especially in the equatorial plane. We focus on the statistical analysis of whistler-mode waves called the equatorial noise (EN). These intense wave emissions are generated by unstable ion distributions. They propagate close to the geomagnetic equator at frequencies between the local proton cyclotron frequency and the lower hybrid frequency. Polarization of the magnetic field fluctuations corresponding to these emissions is linear. We processed data from the STAFF-SA instruments which preanalyze data from electric and magnetic field fluctuations onboard and provide us hermitian spectral matrices. We use the data measured at radial distances from about 2 to 11 RE to show the dependence of the occurrence of EN on the magnetic local time (MLT). We show from the statistical analysis that EN is occurred at all research radial distances within 10◦ from the geomagnetic equator and the maximum occurrence rate of EN is during the daytime especially in the afternoon sector.
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Multi-band Whistler-mode Chorus Emissions Observed by the Cluster Spacecraft
Macúšová, Eva ; Santolík, Ondřej
Whistler-mode chorus emissions are one of the most significant mechanisms causing the acceleration of electrons in the outer Van Allen radiation belt to relativistic energies. They consist of individual wave packets divided into two frequency bands separated close to the source region by a gap at 1/2 of the electron cyclotron frequency (fce). This configuration is called banded chorus and it is correlated with magnetic activity. Landau damping is one of the possible explanations describing the existence of the gap. On the other hand, the role of ducts in its formation was also discussed. We present several events of chorus combined with noisy or shapeless chorus-like emissions that are arranged in three or more frequency bands with two or more gaps and are observed mostly in a magnetic latitude range from 3 to 10 degrees on the both sides of the equator. We investigate possible influences of the magnetic local time (MLT), the Kp index, the McIlwain parameter and the plasma density on the formation of these multi-band emissions.
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Calibration of the STEREO/WAVES Instrument in the Solar Wind
Krupař, Vratislav ; Maksimovic, M. ; Cecconi, B. ; Santolík, Ondřej
The S/WAVES instrument onboard the STEREO spacecraft measures electromagnetic waves in the solar wind. This unique project allows us to investigate properties of type II and type III radio bursts related with solar flares and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the interplanetary medium, respectively. In this paper we present properties of the High Frequency Receiver (HFR) receiver which covers the frequency range 125 kHz–16.025 MHz. We have compared the gains from the two HFR channels and we have found significant variations of these gains with time. We have proposed a solution for correcting these gain variations and improving the S/WAVES HFR calibrations in order to get as accurate goniopolarimetric measurements as possible.
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Aplikovaný výzkum atmosféry v ÚFA AV ČR,v.v.i
Fišer, Ondřej ; Jaroš, J. ; Brázda, V.
This article describes the research performed at the Milesovka observatory. The base of this research is the measurement of the signal attenuation on the experimental free space optic link. Concurrently the pertinent meteorological parameters are measured and compared to the attenuation. First of all, visibility, liquid water content, wind speed + other wind parameters and rain rate are sampled and statistically evaluated including diurnal variations.
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Scaling Analysis Applied to Ionospheric, Solar and Geomagnetic Data
Mošna, Zbyšek ; Koucká Knížová, Petra
Scaling analysis based on structure function zeta(q) computed using wavelet analysis and spectrum D(h) is used to study possible connection of ionospheric system with the solar and geomagnetic activity. Data from six ionospheric stations (critical frequency foF2), solar flux F10.7 and geomagnetic indices AE, Kp and Dst are used. Data of foF2 show scale invariance in the period range 2–32 day. Scaling properties of ionospheric data show strong dependence on geomagnetic latitude of the station. Similar distribution of values of scaling exponents h for ionospheric and geomagnetic activity AE and Kp suggests connection between these systems. Values of h for foF2 and F10.7 have different distribution which suggests weak connection between these systems at chosen periods.
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Vliv dešťových srážek na koncentraci prachu v ovzduší
Fišák, Jaroslav ; Bartůňková, Kristýna
V tomto příspěvku je pozornost věnována vlivu srážek na množství prachu v ovzduší. Jsou použity dvě charakteristiky srážek: srážkový úhrn a doba trvání srážek. Pro stanovení koncentrace prachu v ovzduší je využita suchá filtrovací metoda, kdy byl vzduch nasáván vývěvou přes hlavici s filtrem. Expozice filtru byla cca 1 týden. Doba odběru vzorků nebyla zcela konstantní. Proto bylo nutno přistoupit na relativní charakteristiky. Zvolen byl srážkový úhrn připadající na 1 den expozice filtru. Ještě složitější bylo charakterizovat dobu trvání srážek. Zde bylo zvoleno procentuální vyjádření doby trvání srážek vzhledem k době expozice filtru. Bylo zjištěno, že v období, kdy se vyskytují jen kapalné srážky, je koncentrace prachu v ovzduší silně ovlivněna jejich výskytem. Lze předpokládat, že část prachu je zachycena vodními kapičkami. Část prachu se do ovzduší vůbec nedostane. S růstem doby trvání i množství srážek klesá koncentrace prachu v ovzduší.
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Influence of Non-vertical Echoes to Ionogram Scaling
Kouba, Daniel ; Koucká Knížová, Petra
Digisonde DPS 4 replaced the older ionosonde IPS 42 KEL Aerospace in the Observatory Pruhonice in January 2004. Additional information about the wave polarization enables us to determine and to distinguish exactly between ordinary and extraordinary wave traces on the ionogram records. This new ability basically changes scaling of the ionograms comparing to the ionograms obtained by classical ionosondes. Digisonde measurements show that in some cases the interpretation of ionograms based on classical ionospheric soundings may lead to the systematic errors, which affect classical ionograms interpretation. We demonstrate possible significant misinterpretations of the ionograms obtained using the classical equipment that is not able to distinguish between ordinary and extraordinary modes and records only time of flight of the electromagnetic sounding pulse. We show the necessity to be careful in using an old ionosonde measurements and scaled data for further analysis.
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Vliv dlouhotrvající vysoké sluneční/geomagnetické aktivity na tlaková pole zimní severní dolní atmosféry
Bochníček, Josef ; Davídkovová, Hana ; Hejda, Pavel ; Huth, Radan
Byl analyzován vliv dlouhotrvající vysoké sluneční a dlouhotrvající vysoké geomagnetické aktivity na rozložení anomálií stratosférických a troposférických tlakových polí zimní severní hemisféry. Analýza zahrnovala 120-denní zimní období (1. prosinec – 30. březen) let 1952-2003. Sluneční aktivita byla charakterizována 30-ti denním průměrem Wolfova čísla R, geomagnetická aktivita 30-denním průměrem denní sumy indexu Kp. Rozložení anomálií stratosférických tlakových polí je popsáno 30-ti denními anomáliemi geopotenciálních výšek (GPH) na hladině 50 hPa, rozložení anomálií troposférických tlakových polí pak 30-denními anomáliemi GPH na hladině 500 hPa. Anomální hodnoty GPH byly získány tak, že od dlouhodobých 30-denních průměrů, vypočtených za období let 1970-2003, byly odečteny aktuální 30-ti denní průměry. Data týkající se GPH byla převzata z NCEP/NCAR reanalýzy.
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