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Stressors operating on patients in hospital care.
PECHOVÁ, Veronika
This diploma thesis is focused on stressors influencing patients in hospital care. The theoretical part describes stress and stressors, the influence of stress on the state of health, and I further deal with health and illness and the importance of the support provided by the patient?s family in the course of treatment. In the practical part I compare results that I obtained from three medical facilities. The first objective of my thesis was to find out what kind of stressors hospitalised patients meet with most frequently. To achieve this objective, I set a hypothesis. H1 ? The extent of stress load in patients depends on the extent of information on their illness, course of treatment and nursing care. Another objective of mine was to compare whether the extent of stress is different in various departments. This is dealt with in the second hypothesis. H2 - The extent of stress is influenced by the type of department in which the patient is hospitalised. My last objective was to find out what helps patients to deal with stressful situations. To achieve this objective, I set the third hypothesis. H3 ? Dealing with stress when staying in hospital depends on the functionality of the patient?s family and the attitude of the nursing staff. To conduct the research I employed the method of quantitative survey in the form of questionnaires. The questionnaire contained altogether 21 questions. I chose three facilities of medical care to obtain the required data. The target group were clients hospitalised in the hospital in České Budějovice, further in the hospital in Český Krumlov and in the hospital in Prachatice. The total number of correctly completed questionnaires is 228, which means that 57% of correctly completed ones out of 400 returned. The results have proved that hypothesis No. 1 has a considerable influence on patients? stress because patients with a high rate of information experience high stress only in 6.9 per cent, while patients with an insufficient rate of information experience high stress up to 58.6 per cent. In hypothesis No. 2, I also succeeded in proving a considerable influence, because up to 20.2 per cent of patients in surgical departments experience high stress, while it is only 5.3 per cent of respondents in internal departments. In hypothesis No. 3, a considerable influence has also been proved, because patients with functioning families experience low stress to a much larger extent, while low stress in patients with non-functioning families was experienced by only a small number of respondents. Similarly, the attitude of medical staffs influences the extent of stress. The results of my research can be offered to various kinds of facilities of medical and social care, to improve the quality of nursing care and eliminate some stressors. Further, these results can be offered to students of various branches of medicine studies. However, this research is of noticeable importance for the comfort of patients in various facilities mentioned above.
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The difficulty of the work of nurses at standard level internal wards
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Markéta
This Bachelor's Thesis deals with the issue of the difficulty, or level of physical and psychological demand, of nurses at standard level internal hospital wards. The internal ward is one of the basic wards included in hospital care. It is here that patients with internal organ ailments are hospitalized, and treatment lies in a conservative approach. The work of nurses at a standard level internal ward consists in providing quality health and nursing care. The nurse knows all the illnesses that occur here as well as their treatment and complications. She is also expected to be empathic and patient. Because she is in daily communication with doctors, patients, and their families, she must know all the principles of assertive communication. The job description of the nurse includes satisfying the needs of patients, participating in diagnostic operations, fulfilling the orders of the doctor, and preparing nursing documentation. The sister does not always witness a happy ending to each treatment. All these factors place a burden on the entire organism from both a psychological and physical standpoint. The objective of this Bachelor's Thesis is to map out the difficulty of the work of nurses at a standard level internal ward. To achieve this objective, qualitative research investigation was carried out using a semi-structured interview. The research base was formed by nurses from the internal wards of the hospital in České Budějovice (Nemocnice České Budějovice a. s.) and the Jindřichův Hradec hospital (Nemocnice Jindřichův Hradec a. s.). The interviews with the respondents were transcribed into case reports and further processed into categorization tables. The results clearly show that the work of nurses at standard level internal wards is very difficult and demanding from both the physical and the psychological side. The case reports and tables also show another piece of important information ? signs of ?burn-out? syndrome and the influence of stress on the work of the nurses, relaxation techniques of the nurses, satisfaction with financial compensation, and much more. On the basis of the results, an informational brochure for nurses was drawn up that includes relaxation techniques such as autogenous training, meditation, and yoga.
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Lifestyle nurses from selected social determinants of health (in the diet, physical activity, stress managament,addictions)
MAŠKOVÁ, Nikola
Healthy lifestyle is one of the most important factors the quality of our health depends on. Lifestyle means our eating habits, exercise regimen, the way we face stress, and the amount of toxic substances, alcohol, cigarettes or drugs we voluntarily take in. The main aim of the research was to survey the lifestyle of nurses according to selected social health determinants with the focus on alimentation, sport activities, stress management and addictive drug abuse. In accordance with the research subject the following objectives were established. The first objective was to determine the nutritional intake of nurses. The second objective was to find out the frequency of addictive substances use. The third goal was to assess symptoms of depression in nurses. The fourth goal was to map the level of physical activity in nurses. Based on these goals nine hypotheses were established. H1 Nurses´ energy intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H2 Nurses lipid intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H3 Nurses´ carbohydrate intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. Nurses´ fibre intake is excessive compared to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H5 Nurses comply with the advisable fluid intake according to the reference values set by the PRI EU. H6 Nurses´ alcohol consumption is moderate (0-10 units of alcohol per week). H7 Nurses are moderate smokers, smoking 1-9 cigarettes a day. H8 Nurses show depression symptoms in the depression screening carried out with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. H9 Physical activity of nurses is sufficient. The quantitative survey was conducted by interviewing, using the questionnaire technique. The research respondents were nurses in the Strakonice Hospital, a.s. Nutritional intake was assessed using the NUTRIDAN program and recommended doses were specified in the European Union's reference doses in the form of the PRI EU. The level of physical activity and the frequency of addictive substance use were assessed using the NUTRIFIA program. The objectives of the thesis were met, hypotheses H1, H2, H5, H6 were confirmed and hypothesis H3, H4, H7, H8 and H9 were disproved. The results will be offered to the Strakonice Hospital, a.s. in the form of educational materials for nurses in order to improve nurses´ healthy lifestyle.
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Providing psychological aid and crisis intervention for the civilian population during an emergency situation
ŠČERBOVÁ, Nikola
This diploma thesis bears the title: Providing psychological aid and crisis intervention for the civilian population during an emergency situation. The theoretical part aims to survey the development and present state of psychosocial aid system in the Czech Republic, including individual subjects and organisations that provide help in places affected. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative surveys. The qualitative part was realised by means of a non-structured interview with a defined clinical psychologist and the main psychologist of the Fire Rescue Service of the Region of Karlovy Vary. I have fulfilled the objectives of my thesis in the following way: 1. to describe the structure and functionality of the psychological intervention system, 2. to assess experts{\crq} readiness to provide aid to victims of an emergency situation. The quantitative survey method included collecting data from the randomly chosen samples of 150 citizens who thus expressed their opinions of the questions of crisis intervention and psychological aid, from their own point of view. The research was conducted in the Region of Karlovy Vary. The structure of the psychosocial aid system came into being in 1997, when these questions started to be given more attention both from state authorities and non-profit-organisations, and commercial institutions. The fundamental state body that manages and coordinates the psychosocial aid system is the Interior Ministry, which has a post-traumatic intervention care system, elaborated in relation to citizens affected and in relation to intervening units, and that cooperates with the Integrated Rescue System (IZS) and foreign subjects. The results of the questionnaire survey are an integral part of my research. The civilian population has basic information about psychological aid, which they assess as an important factor for mastering mentally demanding situations. This diploma thesis is structured in such a way that provides the reader with a complex overview of the current state of psychosocial aid. I also aim, by means of my thesis, to point out the fact that there is no professional post-traumatic care in our health care system.
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Possibilities of coping with stress, load and stress prevention and management in the Archdiocese Caritas Pratur social projects managers
VLACHOVÁ, Olga
I deal with the subject of stress in my thesis. The objective was to ascertain how the management employees of the Charity of the Archdiocese in Prague (hereinafter only ``CAP{\crq}q) experience and handle the stress associated with their work. I deal with ascertaining how CAP management employees handle stress in the practical section. I set two research objectives. The first objective was ascertaining the presence and level of stress that management employees experience and the second was identifying the stressors that most affect management employees. In order to achieve research objectives and verify the stipulated hypotheses, I utilized the anonymous questionnaire technique. I utilized two standardized questionnaires that ascertain how individual employees subjectively experience stress. One was Meister{\crq}s questionnaire evaluating neuropsychic stress and the second was the Stress Scale. Both objectives were met. The results showed that employees experienced commensurate stress in many areas. Most respondents experienced stress in only four areas of their work. The results also show the different ways in which man and woman experience stress. Based on the results of the research I proposed recommendations regarding handling stress and its prevention.
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The Life Style of People Working as Healty Life Style Advisors.
JANOŠOVÁ, Kateřina
Lifestyle belongs to the most significant factors that influence our health. Lifestyle of most people at the beginning of the 21st century is rather alarming. Healthy lifestyle counselling provides basic range of tests and examinations that determine the level of individual risk of a client. Risk analysis enables to recommend an optimum change in nutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, physical activity and stress management. The thesis is divided in the theoretical and practical part. The first part introduces theoretical determination of the issue. It deals with the concept of lifestyle and questions that influence health factors. In the practical part the research results are presented. The research focused on the description of lifestyle of healthy lifestyle counsellors. I used the method of a questionnaire and I processed the obtained data statistically. The research set consisted of 153 respondents working in the field of healthy lifestyle counselling. The control group consisted of 438 employees of Public Health Protection bodies. Based on the research I have concluded that healthy lifestyle counsellors are aware of the importance to keep healthy lifestyle, however, they do not always follow the particular recommendations. Main problems are above all a lack of physical activity, insufficient consumption of fish and legumes.
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The characteristic work of paramedic in the operations centre- stress factors and possibilities of their elimination
JANDA, Petr
In my bachelor thiesis of the Characteristics of the paramedical rescuer´s job at the control centre - stress factors and possibilities of their elimination, I concentrated on the Health control centre and the employees working there. Particularly, on their work and stress factors that affect these employees. The issue of a job at the Health Control Centre of Health Rescue Service is really wide and interesting. In a wide range, operators are able to increase the quality of human rescue due to their knowledge and skills. The theoretical part of my thesis concerns paramedics, health rescue service, the topic of work at health control centres, further stress, reactions to stress, as well as possibilities of stress eliminations. In the research part, I focused on the stress situacions that occur in this profession and that affect every operator. The research was carried out with the qualitative form, where the qualitative research was performed with the technique of a controlled dialogue. The data acquisition was realized with the questioning method followed by registracion and evaluation. The first aim of the thesis was to analyze paramedicals´ work processes at the control centre. As the second aim, I set to find out the stress factors specific for the operator´s profession, to characterize them more closely and suggest their elimination. It resulted from the research thatemployees working at the control centre know their work procedure, their proceed in accordance with them and are further educated in their branch. Moreover, it turned out that operators constantly face stress situacions and tasks which they have to solve. However, these situacions can be partly influenced, as written at the end of this thesis. In conclusion, I would like to mention that this thesis contains my opinions on this topic and suggestions for the improvement of the present situacion. At the same time, the thesis offers space for a discussion and consideration.
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Doppler measurement of vessel parameters
NÁTHEROVÁ, Markéta
Ultrasound investigation is the most common and most readily available current advanced diagnostic method. Ultrasound can be used to track and image moving structures such as cardiac valves or flowing blood {--} these methods are based on the so-called Doppler phenomenon. Using the Doppler phenomenon, it is possible to determine the velocity and direction of movement of the measured object. The objective of this work was to track the changes of vascular flow and pulse rate depending on the degree of tolerance of exercise attained by the test persons, the stress (load) and ambient temperature changes. For this purpose, 2 groups were defined where the first group consisted of individuals adapted to the stress, while the members of the second group were untrained. To measure the vascular parameters we used a Doppler meter, HiDop 300. The LCD display of the instrument, or alternatively the monitor of a connected computer, provide images of the measured spectral Doppler curve as well as its parameters (heart rate HR, resistance index RI, pulsatility index PI, systolic/diastolic ratio, mean frequency). The work is concerned with the impact of physical load and cold-related stress on the circulatory system in the vessels. The haemodynamics of the vascular system depends on the type and intensity of the load. The formulation of results of the work, however, must account for a number of internal factors (age, sex, health {\dots}) and external factors (ambient temperature, air flow {\dots}) that are themselves associated with various changes in the circulatory system. For example, reduction of peripheral vascular contractility in the elderly, disruption of vascular wall elasticity by depositing fatty substances or increased heart rate due to the stress stimulus. The main advantage of a Doppler instrument and all ultrasound methods is to be seen in the fact that it is a non-invasive method, and has no adverse effects on the investigated person, such as the effects associated with roentgen radiation, provided, however, that appropriate intensity of ultrasound radiation has been chosen.
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Lifestyle of diabetic
HYNKOVÁ, Jana
Diabetes is said to be an epidemic of 21st century. Although death rates from diabetes are decreasing, the treatment results are still not satisfactory. Today, every tenth Czech is affected by diabetes, but according to doctors, a quarter of patients do not even know about the existence of their disease.In my thesis I focus on the lifestyle of diabetics. I am mainly concerned about their diet. Another important thing was to find out if they eat regularly, and whether the portions are eaten at regular time intervals throughout the day, as the regular and balanced diet is more important in diabetic patients than in anyone else.My survey has clearly proved that stress significantly worsens the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, there is no evidence that a healthy diet and physical activity significantly improve health condition of patients with diabetes mellitus.
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