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Methods of energy utilization fytomass
JANÁK, Bohumil
Bachelor thesis in the first part deals with renewable resources, use of energy resources worldwide and in the Czech Republic, the possibilities of using biomass and phytomass plants. Another part deals with the cultivation of selected energy plants, which are multi-reed canary grass and annuals kind of Maize. The practical part describes the small-plot experiments with reed canary grass and corn rucola. Reported the results of experiments and compared with literature.
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Nekróza jasanu Chalara fraxinea - fenologie, bionomie, charakteristika symptomy, rozšíření v oblasti podhůří Orlických hor
Vágner, Filip
This bachelor thesis deals with necrosis of ash caused by pathogenic fungus Chalara fraxinea. The work contains summarized informations about phenology, bionomy and charakteristic symptoms which were used during the practical research. Next part of the thesis -- the practical research itself -- is focused on charting of intensity and spreading direction of the disease in one specific forest section. In this part are also mentioned possible factors, which could modify (accelerate or restrict) the growth of the fungus in specific cases. Than, in the last part, are walorized financial damages caused by this pathogenic fungus and suggested some interventions, which can contribute to survival of ashes in the forests.
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Growing of energy crops - yield parameters
NĚMEC, Václav
Thesis deals with renewables resources, potential of biomass and plants phytomass. We focused on the cultivation of selected energy crops, as perennial grasses Elymus elongatus (subsp. ponticus, cv. Szarvasi-1), reed canary grass, miscanthus sinensis and annual crops of maize and sorghum. The practical part is aimed to the establishment of small plot trials with a variety Szarvasi-1, reed canary grass and miscanthus. We described the methods of field experiment establishing with crop Szarvasi-1 of their treatment and harvest. The results of our own experiments we compared with the literature data. The last part deals with the economy of growing selected crops.
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Cultivation of Poopy (Papaver somniferum L.) and its food and other utilization
DUFFEK, Josef
This thesis deals with in the Czech Republic traditionally cultivated crop, and that is the poppy. The aim of my thesis is to summarize the findings in the literature search about the requirements and characteristics of the poppy, to find out his demands on growing, yield components, quality parameters and on the basis of literary research to recommend current and future growers an appropriate technology for the cultivation of this crop. In my thesis I focused on poppy cultivation technology from sowing to harvest, also on its quality and utilization.
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Amaranth unconventional food in human nutrition
ŠESTÁKOVÁ, Irena
The subject of the Bachelor thesis is amaranth as an innovative component in human nutrition. Genus Amaranthus L. belongs to the family of Amaranthaceae. Amaranth is an annual dicotyledonous C4 plant. The seeds are smooth, lenticular and in cultural species are pink or yellow up to cream-colored. In the Czech Republic the weight of thousands of seeds circles around 0.6 to 0.8 grams. The whole aboveground part of the plant is edible. Usually people consume only seeds and leaves. Plant species grown for its seeds are Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus caudatus. Some species are grown as a leaf vegetable, such as Amaranthus tricolor, Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus gangeticus. Plants are resistant to the higher salinity and have increased ability to draw nutrients from the soil. The plants are able to manage with the supply of soil moisture; therefore it fits also in drier areas. During the vegetation it is necessary to get rid of weeds, especially removing related wild plants whose seeds cannot be separated from cultural forms. Amaranth seeds ripen unevenly. The date of the harvest is selected depending on the variety, sowing date and weather conditions. Suitable storage humidity is 12%. Yield in our conditions varies between 600 and 2400 kg / ha. The estimated yield per hectare varies between 4 and 14 tons of fresh leaves. The use of amaranth in food industry has a wide range such as bakery, meat industry, children's nutrition, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry and energy industry. Amaranth is from the nutritional standpoint, highly prized plant. The content of proteins is about 18%. Amaranth protein is important in terms of higher lysine content, therefore if it is appropriately used in someone´s diet, it can replace animal protein. Carbohydrates of amaranth are listed in quantities of over 60 %, the most important carbohydrate of amaranth is starch, which has an extremely small grain (1 2 ?m) and it is useful for nutrition, where it can be part of easily digestible nutritional beverages and products. Fats of amaranth are in the range of 6 - 8 %. From the dietary point of view, it is important to sustain high content of unsaturated fatty acids and squalene, which is known for its antioxidant and chemoprotective effect. Another components of amaranth oil are phytosterols, which have a preventive effect against atherosclerosis. Other important ingredients of amaranth are substances such as phenolic flavonoid rutin, which increases the resistance of capillary walls and improves the absorption of vitamin C in the intestines. Amaranth is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. However, Amaranth grain and leaves also contain anti-nutritional and toxic substances. By the influence of the selective breeding, way of storage and processing such substances in the plant gradually decreased. Researches have shown that amaranth has wide preventive effect. It does not cause any allergic reactions and does not contain gluten. For that reason it is suitable for inclusion in the diet of coeliacs. Amaranth contains antihypertensive peptide and in diabetics it reduces the risk of a lack of insulin in the blood and it has been shown and anticancer effect. Eating amaranth has a positive effect on the immune system and body supply of iron. Amaranth is also a good ingredient in nutritional drinks and enteral nutrition. The suitability of this crop in the diet of all age groups is indisputable. In seniors it affects cell regeneration and metabolism, and in children the importance of lysine, which promotes the formation of new brain cells. Amaranth is for its toughness and content of many nutrients, minerals and vitamins referred to as the third crop Millennium, which may be one of the solutions to food shortages in developing countries.
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Growing and usage of hemp in Czech Republic
KOMÁRKOVÁ, Jana
The aim is to summarize information on growing possibilities of using hemp in the CR. Hemp is dioecious and monoecious crop that is grown for seed, fiber and biomass. In our area most often grown for seed, it is easier to harvest. In 2012 the Czech Republic had sown 275 ha of arable land. On the Czech market, the use of crops still growing. Businesses use it in many sectors, such as thermal insulation in the construction industry. In cosmetics it is used mainly due to oil which contains unsaturated fatty acids, hemp products and achieve demonstrable medicinal effects in diseases eczema and psoriasis. In 2013, also in Volary opened the first hemp bath with us, which thus became the largest in Europe. The work is prepared by literature review summarizes the knowledge of the botanical characteristics, principles of cultivation, utilization, economics, regulation and the growing use of state policy. Addendum to the literary section contains contact with growers and processors (questionnaire, hemp yields, photographic documentation of plants and products).
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The changes in technology of growing sugar beet
MINAŘÍKOVÁ, Ivana
The Bachelor's thesis deals with changes in technology of planting sugar beet. In the Czech Republic, sugar beet is the most widely used raw material for sugar production since the mid-19th century. The sugar beet production and production of sugar are one of the most important segments of agro-food complex, but nowadays sugar beet is also strategic crop of which feed and fertilizers are being made. It is also a source of renewable energy in the form of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and stillage to be processed in biogas plants. Sugar produced in the Czech Republic has a similar quality to the best producers in the EU. In the last two years, Czech growers achieved yields of about 80 t.ha-1. The yield is constantly increasing, annually by an average of more than two tons. Ploughing has always been a priority during the processing of sugar beet. In the course of time, is rather recomended on heavy soils to use ploughless technology. Nowadays genetically monogerm seed varieties are being used for sowing. The seeds are sown for finite distances by precision seeders. Harvesting is carried out by self-propelled sugar beet harvesters with high-capacity containers. In the Czech Republic there have been only seven still functioning sugar factories, which belong to five major companies. The strongest market position has the company - Sugar mills and Distilleries TTD a.s.
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