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Children obesity prevention policies
Juřenčáková, Michaela ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Marešová, Kateřina (referee)
In 2015 there will be approximately 2.3 billion overweight individuals and more than 700 million people will suffer from obesity. Children obesity prevention is becoming a significant activity within various institutions and organisations. Firstly, the thesis introduces factors that are responsible for obesity and comes up with an overview of prevention programs that take place in the Czech Republic. Effectiveness and positive impacts of prevention in childhood are proved by simple comparison of costs of prevetion programs and health care costs that has to be provide to obese adult. Thesis finally detect a lack of exact data that would show the extent of programs effectiveness and changes in prevalence after the realization.
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The prevalence of the overweight and obesity of pupils on the second grade of the elementary school in the region of Třebíč.
SOUČKOVÁ, Jana
I have engaged in the prevalence of overweight and obesity at pupils of the second grade in elementary schools in the district Trebic in my bachelory work. At first I had studied theoretical knowledge refering to overweight and obesity. I have devoted to this knowledge in the theoretical part of my bachelory work. I had contacted several schools in the Trebic region. They had mostly satisfied me. After meeting with headmasters of selected schools I had handed round the letter to parents of students, which were acquainted with the topic of thesis and approval or disapproval, that their child participates in the survey. I had implemented research measurement with the consent of parents of these students. Using the values of BMI, waist and age measurements, I had examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity at pupils of seventh and eight classes. Then I worked with these results in the practical part of my thesis. I have compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity by girls and boys, but you can also find overall amounts of prevalence overweight and obesity by all surveyed pupils.
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The prevalence of overweight and obesity in older school-age children at the primary schools in the region of Tabor.
BUZKOVÁ, Aneta
In this bachelor thesis I dealt with the prevalence of overweight and obesity by children on the second degree at the primary school in the region of Tabor. The thesis highlights the problems of increasing weight by children. It is divided into the theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part I try to give comprehensive information on the topic, summarizing the basic knowledge related to the obesity by preadolescents, and give the overview of possible related complications. The thesis also provides insight into the possibilites of treatment. The practical part is then focused on charting the occurrence of overweight and obesity by the children of age 12-14 years. Research measurements are generally attended by 182 pupils of both sexes from four primary schools and one secondary school. To the evaluation of participation of obese individuals and overweight individuals was used Body Mass Index (BMI), which I compared with the percentage graphs of BMI.
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The catering habits of the pupils between the ages of 12-15 in Trebon and surroundings
PLOC, Milan
In my Bachelor seminar work I am concerned with the theme of - The diet habits of the pupils at the age of 12 to 15 in the region of Třeboň. In the theoretical part there are characterised the terms connected with the nutrition. The individual chapters are dealt with the basic elements of the nutrition and its importance for human body. Then I mention the overweight, the obesity and the eating diorders, that can influence the health of children. My research targets the diet habits of the children. It consists of 3 days monitoring questionnaires of the childrens´s diet. The aim of my research is the detection of the nutritional values of the particular foods and the energetic profit of the children during the day.
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Prevalence of Childhood Obesity and Associated Problems
SLAVÍČKOVÁ, Klára
Obesity is a major concern not only of the Czech Republic, but of all developed countries of the world. It is therefore a global pandemic, against which it is necessary to introduce effective measures. According to epidemiological studies, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are among the states with the highest prevalence of obesity. In most European countries, the prevalence of obesity in women is higher than in men, by about 3-6%. But a big issue is childhood obesity, which predisposes individuals to obesity also in adulthood. This results in an increased risk of premature morbidity and mortality due to complications of obesity. In obese children the risk of musculoskeletal diseases and cardiovascular and respiratory systems is increased. Obesity often leads to disorders of sexual development, skin complications and changes in the psyche. According to the World Health Organization, there are about 43 million overweight or obese children in the world. The treatment of childhood obesity is not simple. It is necessary to establish a long-term strategic plan, based on the lifestyle change focused on nutrition and eating habits, physical activity and strengthening the self-confidence of the child. This diploma thesis was carried out by the quantitative research through the secondary data analysis. The research group consisted of children registered at the general practitioner for children and adolescents, Šárka Mičanová, M.D. The main goal of my thesis was to survey the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children at this selected pediatric office. Four hypotheses were stated for the research. Hypothesis No.1, children with a high BMI at the age of 5 years show the signs of obesity also at the age of 15-17-years, has not been confirmed. Hypothesis No.2, in childhood, obesity originating in alimentation prevails over obesity of endocrinological origin, has been confirmed. The hypothesis that obesity prevalence has increased in recent years has not been confirmed. The last hypothesis presuming that levels of biochemical markers in children with overweight and obesity do not differ from those of children with a normal weight has not been confirmed.
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The prevalence of overweight and obesity for pupils in the 2nd degree of primary school in Ceske Budejovice
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students in primary schools in the Ceske Budejovice. The main objektive is determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the selected file location. In the first part was prepared the literature review, which aims to define obesity and its related concepts. Based on the review of the literature and scientific publications that are listed in the bibliography, have been developed clear characteristic of obesity and its problems especially in childhood. The practical part is devoted to research the prevalence od overweight and obesity among students in primary schools in the locality. Based on the cooperation of selected schools and parents was carried out anthropometric observations measuring a total of 188 pupils. Mesured was height and weight, waist circumference and skin folds under the hyoid bone. Based on the data was drawn clear presentation of the results to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity for pupils in the 2nd degree of primary school in Ceske Budejovice.
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Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at children in age category seven till twelve years
HLAVATÝ, Miroslav
The diploma paper aims to appraise the composition of menu offered to pupils aged seven to twelve attending the Elementary School (ES) based in Suché Vrbné, a quarter of České Budějovice. The menu was assessed for its contents of macronutrients and a range of chosen micronutrients considered to meet nutritional demands of school children. The research covered 64 examinees (of both sexes) from the second, fourth and sixth grades, and was organized as a test of their dietary habits and physical a tivities. The paper deals with: -Nutritional quality of school lunches; -Weights and statures of children from the relevant grades measured at the beginning and the end of the appraised span of time, with the observed changes evaluated; -Average cost spent to prepare one lunch; -Variety of the food and the numbers of specific dishes taken in a month; -Adherence to the recommended alimentary basket; -Weights of the different components of lunches; -Nutritional test designed to examine dietary habits and physical activities of c ildren aged 7 to 12; -Changes in the diet of children moving up to the senior stage of the Elementary School; -Formulating hypotheses focused on drinking regimen, Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activities. Percentage of nutrients derived from lunch, represent the proportion of recommended daily intake for the day. The ideal figure of 35 % of the recommended daily energy intake was achieved only in girls of the 4th grade. The other categories of boys and girls ranged between 5 % and 9 %. As regards proteins, these were supplied in the above-the-limit quantities to the 2nd and 4th graders, while the 6th graders received 79,65 % to 82% of the recommended daily intake. Fats kept at the optimal level of 30 % to 35 %. Saccharides stayed at the low level of 19 % to 24,69 % for the entire time of monitoring. Fiber was found to maintain the acceptable level of 29 % to 37,41 %. As regards the macroelements, calcium supply was insufficient - at 15,0 % to 18,46 % only a small portion of what is desirable. Magnesium intake was at 41,86 % to 59,1 %. Potassium reached on average 53,6 % to 59,66 %. As to microelements, iron was supplied at 42,37 % to 48,91 %; zinc at 41,15 % to 52,91 %; selenium at 59,1 % to 175,21 %. Vitamin A reached 60,78% to 89,23 %; vitamin E was at 38,66 % to 55.1%, and vitamin C at 58,81 % to 66,0 %. Vitamin B6 was supplied in the quantity of 38,50 % o 47,83 %. Vitamins B6 and B12 were supplied in above-the-standard quantities for the whole monitored period. Measurements of weights and statures were related to the age and then used to calculated the BMI - thus one 2nd grade girl was found overweight and one boy and another girl of the same grade were found obese. Pupils of the 4th grade kept within the optimal figures. In the 6th grade two girls and four boys registered overweight. Expressed in percentages, the research has showed that in the 7 to 12 age bracket 3.2% of children were obese and 9.15 overweight. The average cost of lunch preparation was 42 CZK. The numbers of specific dishes were revealed inadequate for pulses and fish. The share of fruit was duly met while vegetables were insufficient. Low was observed also the proportion of milk and sweet & meatless dishes. Conversely, the frequency of dishes made of chicken and pork was excessive. Yeast and pulse soups were served optimally, as suggested by the Ministry of Health. Inspection carried out in view of the alimentary basket specified in Decree 107/2005 disclosed these values as average for the entire period of interest: meat 92,9 %; fish 69,4%; milk 54.8 %; milk products 72.9 %. Fats were supplied at the level of 69,3 %; sugar 46 %; vegetables 59.9%; fruit 124%; potatoes 87,4 %; and pulses 54,4 %.
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The obesity issue in primary school children in Most
JANOŠOVÁ, Kateřina
Obesity in children has become a serious problem not only in our country but in all developed countries all over the world. The Czech Republic has ranked among the leading countries in Europe in prevalence of obesity. In an obese child the risk of later chronic diseases is increased, there is a greater probability of heart diseases, joint diseases and mental problems. An effective treatment and prevention of child obesity presupposes a complex attitude. For the bachelor thesis a quantitative research was applied by means of a questionnaire. The research file was made up by pupils of the first grade of three primary schools in Most aged 6-11 years. The main goal of the paper was to find out prevalence of obesity in school children at chosen primary schools in Most. By means of the research I came to the conclusion that 9,4% of children are overweight, 7,8% are obese. Further I have set three hypotheses. In boys of 6-10 years of age excessive weight appears more frequently than in girls, which was confirmed. Insufficient physical activity influences occurrence of obesity in younger school children. This hypothesis was also confirmed. Overweight children do not have a regular sport activity. This hypothesis was not confirmed. This bachelor thesis should be used as an information material for parents and teachers.
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