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Scaling of arterial input function in DCE-MRI
Holeček, Tomáš ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Kratochvíla, Jiří (advisor)
Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging is modern diagnostic method used mainly in oncology. In this method, contrast agent is injected to the subject and then is continuously monitored the progress of its concentration in the affected area in time. Correct determination of the arterial input function (AIF) is very important for perfusion analysis. One possibility is to model AIF by multichannel blind deconvolution but the estimated AIF is necessary to be scaled. This master´s thesis is focused on description of scaling methods and their influence on perfussion parameters in dependence on used model of AIF in different tissues.
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Segmentation of the kidney from the renal perfusion MR image sequences
Jína, Miroslav ; Walek, Petr (referee) ; Malínský, Miloš (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with kidney segmentation in perfusion magnetic resonance image sequences. Kidney segmentation is carry out by a few methods such as regionbased techniques, deformable models, specimen-based methods, edge-oriented methods etc. The universal algorithm for patient kidney segmentation still does not exist. Proposed method is an active contour Snake, which is created in programming environment MatLab. Final contours are quantitatively and visually compared to manual kidney segmentation.
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Measurement of diffusion coefitients by use of magnetic resonance
Král, Jakub ; Gescheidtová, Eva (referee) ; Bartušek, Karel (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on imaging techniques based on the principles of nuclear-magnetic resonance. These techniques are one of the most modern studies of physical, chemical and biological properties of substances. Introduction of this work is focused primarily on physical principles. Further in this work attention is given to the method of the PFG-SE but also to more modern multiinterval NMR methods, which removes the systematic measurement errors for heterogeneous materials. Part of the work is also devoted to b-factor calculations for various kinds of pulse sequences. In last part the work is devoted to data processing in Matlab and Marevisi. Selected method from the beginning of the work is than used to measure the diffusion and processing of tissue cultures.
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MRI Acquisition and Preprocessing of Image Sequences for Clinical Perfusion Imaging
Krchňavý, Jan ; Bartoš, Michal (referee) ; Jiřík, Radovan (advisor)
This thesis describes the theory for static and dynamic magnetic-resonance imaging using contrast agents affecting T1 relaxation time. The available acquisition methods in the specified facility of Masaryk Oncological Institute in Brno are described. The sequences for subsequent experimental measurements are selected. The used phantoms are described. Acquisition protocol for measuring is described briefly and the evaluation method for the measured data is suggested. The best acquisition sequence and a method of measurements is chosen influenced by estimation of relaxation time T1, sensitivity and signal to noise ratio. Perfusion analysis is executed and perfusion parameters are calculated. The work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101).
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The specifics of CT and MR examination in children
NOSKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's work deals with specifics of examining children by mean of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiological imaging methods CT and MRI are irreplaceable for exact diagnostics of all kinds of diseases and form an integral part of modern paediatric radiology. What is important is not only technological equipment of high quality and specific procedures, but also a professional approach of the medical staff that carry out an intervention. The goal of the work is the provision of basic information about CT and MRI methods, the accent being on child patients, and the description of the course of the above-mentioned examinations in children. Another goal is to analyze specifics of individual examinations. The staff should act professionally as working with children requires a fair amount of patience and understanding. The capability to explain, as easily and effectively as possible, to the parents and the child how the examination will go on is no less important. The examination must be carried out as quickly as possible and the chosen examining method must bring a result of sufficient quality. While being examined, the patient is required to stay at rest in bed, which is a frequent problem in little patients. The theoretical part is divided into a few chapters. Individual chapters describe individual imaging methods and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, there is an overview of contrast agents there, their classification and possible undesirable effects. A chapter on paediatric anaesthesiology is not missing either the knowledge of this area is often very important, especially when examining children under 5 years of age, claustrophobic patients or very restive children. The aim of the practical part of the work was to evaluate the information the parents have on the examination that was indicated to their child (CT/MRI). To that end, a questionnaire was developed, which was available at the Clinic of Paediatrics of the Motol Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Imaging Methods) and in the Brno Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Paediatric Radiology) and contained 25 questions in all. Answers to the questions could have been marked with a cross, elsewhere free answers were possible. Furthermore, data on the number of children examined by means of CT and MRI methods at clinics of paediatrics existing with hospitals having special paediatric radiodiagnostic departments (Motol Teaching Hospital Clinic of Imaging Methods and Brno Teaching Hospital Clinic of Paediatric Radiology) between 2010 and June 2015 was analysed. The data analysed was divided into a few age categories, as per specific needs of the child. The analysis of the data should have helped answer research questions to what extent the parents were informed of the course of the examination of their child and whether the number of children examined by means of CT and MRI methods was increasing. In order to answer the research questions, data from the clinics of paediatrics having special paediatric radiological departments (Motol Teaching Hospital Clinic of Imaging Methods and Brno Teaching Hospital Clinic of Paediatric Radiology) was utilized, as well as the completed questionnaires. The chapter "Results" shows, with the help of graphs, answers to the questions from the questionnaire investigation and the data acquired in the Motol Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Imaging Methods) and the Brno Teaching Hospital (Clinic of Paediatric Radiology). In the chapter "Discussion", the results of the questionnaire investigation and the data acquired are evaluated. The work and its results can be utilized by other radiodiagnostic departments, or they can serve as supplementary material or material of advice for parents and students.
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Významné kroky v MRI
Bartušek, Karel
MRI is one of the leading medical diagnostic techniques. The lecture presents the basic important steps in the development of MRI and its application possibilities.Development of the field MR in ISI Brno began in 1960. Initially developed instrumentation of high resolution spectroscopy. Currently NMR group focuses on the development of measurement methods and technologies for biomedical and also technical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance and to the application of MR techniques in preclinical, particularly translational research utilizing mouse and rat animal models of neurologic, psychiatric and oncologic diseases.
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SMV-2014-22: Development of magnetic-resonance methodology for research into Parkinson’s disease in an animal model
Starčuk jr., Zenon
Collaborative development of an animal model of Parkinson’s disease, design and optimization of a suitable set of MR measurements, measurement of sample animals provided (40 mice, anatomy+diffusion), data adaptation for hand-over. The work was focused to the verification of a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease and the development of an optimal protocol for anatomic MRI of the mouse brain, with an emphasis on the regions of substantia nigra, hippocampus, striatum and on the comparison between the diagnostic values of DTI and DKI measurements in these regions. Experimental data were individually analyzed for each mouse and statistically evaluated in groups of test and control animals. Based on pathophysiology assessment further MR procedures were suggested for patophysiology research and the development of early diagnostics and therapy monitoring.
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Small and adult patients' uropoetic system examination from radiological assistant's point of view
TRAPLOVÁ, Lenka
This paper deals with issues related to examinations of the uropoetic system. First, I briefly describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, and then I characterize all the particular imaging methods. Patients with identical diagnoses should undergo identical examinations in an identical and, if possible, optimal sequence. I decided to make a comparison of available national and international guidelines with examination algorithms applied in the Czech Republic. For this purpose, I collected data of 115 patients who underwent radiological examinations in the hospital of České Budějovice, a.s. I abstracted the applied algorithm of the indicated examinations for the diagnoses represented in the sample of patients and, after the comparison, I assessed the deviation from the guidelines. I suggested procedures which seemed to be the most suitable ones when comparing Czech and international guidelines and available studies. I realised that the hospital in České Budějovice meticulously follows the standards defined by professional associations, therefore, upon assessment of all aspects, it can be concluded that examination methods using ionizing radiation can only be replaced by other methods which do not use it in a very small percentage of cases.
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Special access of the radiology assistant to interventional procedures in diagnostics of oncological patients
CANDROVÁ, Daniela
In my work I deal with the peculiarities in approach of a radiology assistant to interventions in diagnostics of oncological patients. Biopsy has a special importance in diagnostics of neoplasm. It is essential for histological and cytological diagnostics. The aim of this work was to find out the incidence of bioptic interventions on oncological patients during one year at radiology department at České Budějovice hospital plc, and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of used modalities. The work proceeds from the presumption that the number of interventions carried out under the sight control without the use of ionizing radiation methods is growing. In the theoretical part of my work appear descriptions of bioptic methods of intervention radiology regarding oncology and its methods, biopsies, screening methods used at biopsy (ultrasound controlled biopsy, computer tomography controlled biopsy, magnetic resonance controlled biopsy, skiascopic controlled biopsy), instrumentarium, especially the needles used for tissue extraction (puncture and bioptic needles), characteristics of oncological patients, the principle of tumour disease, carcinogenesis, oncologically changed tissue, and basic diagnostics of oncology disease. The practical part reveals the number of biopsies performed in 2012 at České Budějovice hospital plc, under computer tomography, ultrasound and mammography machine control, and the number of other interventions on oncological patients, namely localization of impalpable breast lesion, percutaneous drainage of the urinary tract under skiascopic control. Standard methods regarding these interventions and biopsies are described focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of their use for different organs in the body. I also described radiology assistant?s work and created photo documentation of given interventions. In 2012, 96 biopsies were performed under any of the mentioned diagnostic screening methods at radiology department of České Budějovice hospital. They represent 0,06% of the total of 171 466 diagnostic interventions at this department in the respective year. At the same time they represent 3,4% of the total of 2844 interventions of the ČB radiodiagnostic department of that period. From the whole number of 96 biopsies, 79% were performed on oncological patients. No biopsies were performed under magnetic resonance or skiascopic- skiagraphic control. Since the formation of a tumour is supposed to be the main somatic risk which an individual after a low intensity radiation faces, I supposed that the number of bioptic samples taken under sight control without the use of non ionizing radiation is rising, which significantly contributes to radiation protection. It is not univocally assigned which screening method is the best for biopsy. Usually we chose the biopsy that can screen best the site in different organs and that allows the safest, the fastest and the economically most convenient procedure. The chosen method should allow the doctor chose the site for sample extraction. The choice also depends on the habits and the technical equipment of given hospital. In view of the fact that according to this work computer tomography is the most commonly used method for bioptic extractions, and under magnetic resonance control no biopsies are performed, the prestige and importance of a radiology assistant grows up, because their presence at modalities using ionizing radiation is commonly indispensable. The hypothesis of my work has not been proved. Concrete results do not support the operative hypothesis of y work. However, I can recommend concessive long-term type and multicentrically elaborated sample studies. I would be grateful if this work provided an information base for radiology assistants´ training and for interventions in the diagnostics of oncologically ill people.
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Imaging Methods in Antropology
KOBLASOVÁ, Věra
Abstract Imaging Methods in Anthropology. Anthropology, a science born in the 16th century, deals with humans. One of its branches is physical anthropology which includes forensic anthropology and osteology. The imaging methods in anthropology are indispensable tool for identification of the dead and for examination of mummies or other prehistoric bone material. Comparing of pre-death and after-death x-ray snapshots is essential for identification of human remains in forensic anthropology and odontology. The latest trend is 3D face reconstruction with the help of computed tomography. The aim of the thesis is: 1. To analyse all the methods available in the field of anthropology of the present time which use the radiology imaging methods. 2. To compare using of the computed tomography in the Czech Republic and other European countries. The data were obtained through questionnaires sent to anthropology institutes and museums dealing with photographing historical bone material and through searching and processing information focused on the topic of the theses. The results show that the imaging methods in anthropology are under-used. The anthropologists are fully aware of all available imaging methods but the methods are not used often enough because of financial and time consuming reasons. On the contrary to under-using the imaging methods in the Czech Republic the other European countries use the methods a lot more often. A hypothesis was established at the beginning of the research: ?All the available modern radiology imaging methods are not used enough in the Czech Republic. The hypothesis was confirmed. I would like to present the results of the theses at the specialist?s seminars of radiology assistants and to point out the possible further use of radiology imaging methods.
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