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Attitude of contact centres workers towards imlementation and importance of Harm Reduction
BACÚŠANOVÁ, Veronika
The thesis deals with the issue of care of drug addicts in the in the Czech Republic, particularly the Harm Reduction. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the above-mentioned working procedures with clients, the legislative framework of the services and the current situation on the drug scene in the Czech Republic. The practical part uses a qualitative form of research. The information was collected by means of structured interviews with open questions. The respondents were eleven workers of contact centres in the Central Bohemian region which has five such facilities. I cooperated with four of them for the purposes of the thesis. The objective of the thesis was to demonstrate that the Harm Reduction services are important and beneficial from the viewpoint of workers of contact centres and to find out whether the contact workers have any suggestions about how to improve the Harm Reduction services in the Czech Republic.
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Prevention of social aspects of an ilness
ŠAMÁNEK, Petr
The primary aim of this bachelor degree work was to investigate and describe the relationship between the number of injection sets distributed among drug addicts under needle exchange programmes and type B and type C hepatitis incidence rates, based on available information sources. The secondary aim was to evaluate the demand for exchange programme services. Described in the theoretical section are the basic themes relating to spread of infectious diseases among drug addicts. This section also deals with social aspects of drug addiction and drug abuse as a social aspect which may lead to the occurrence of other diseases. The practical section contains a secondary analysis of data obtained from quarterly annual reports that are published by the Drug Epidemiology Department of the Praque´s Hygiene Station and include the required nationwide information. The processed data are evaluated and the discovered facts are highlighted by graphic representation in this section of the work which begins with a table outlining all data used to obtain the results. The investigation focused on data from the recent five years (2005 {--} 2009) for South Bohemia and Ústecký Regions. The source of demographic data for these regions was the Czech Statistical Office. It was found that the hypothesis presuming a decline in the type B and type C hepatitis occurrence rates in relation to the number of injection sets distributed within exchange programmes was not confirmed. It was also found that the scope of distribution of injection sets became slightly reduced in one of the regions under survey (Ústecký Region) between 2008 and 2009 in spite of the increase in the nationwide distribution of injection sets. However, the overall tendency in the period under survey could still be described as increasing.
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HARM REDUCTION IN THE PREVENTION OF DRUG ADDICTIONS
KALOUSOVÁ, Dita
This dissertation on Harm Reduction approach in the prevention of drug addictions deals with tertiary drug prevention. It aims to show the importance of how much information about this topic students at comprehensive schools get and have. The theoretical part provides some information about the consequences of drug addiction in general, about drug prevention, substitution treatment, Harm Reduction approach and the services involved. The practical part presents the results of a survey which aimed to map the awareness of students from selected comprehensive schools in the South Bohemian region of the Harm Reduction approach.
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The transfer sources of hepatitis C among drug users.
BACÚŠANOVÁ, Veronika
Hepatitis C is one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases development, especially in young people. The number of people infected with the hepatitis C virus worldwide ranges from 170 to 200 millions, i.e 3 % world population. The prevalence depends on the geografical location and the socio-economic level of the country. The biggest prevalence is in Africa, South America and South-East Asia. The serious fact is that the infection often has a mild or asymptomatic course. The clinical picture may be uncharactesistic and the diagnosis can be made as late as in the advanced stages of the disease, such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocelular carcinom. In the past the most common way how to transmit the infestion was by the blood transfusion. After the screening tests were introduced in the beginning of the 90th, the number of persons infected by this way has considerably decreased. The intravenous toxicomania leading to the infection with the hepatitic C virus has been a great problem recently. More than one half of the hepatitis C occurence was caused by sharing and re-using infected syringes, needles and other aids by drug addicts in whom the prevalence of the disease is 85 %. However, their therapy is very difficult with regard to the lack of their regular cooperation with physicians. Other possible ways of the infection transmission is a sexual contact with an infected person or a less frequent transmission mother-child. There is no effective vaccination against the hepatitis C virus yet. To prevent the transmission it is neccesary to avoid contact with body fluids of infected persons. In the theoretical section I focused my attention on the summary of important facts on hepatitis C and some aspects of drug abuse. In the practical section I focused on the survey of the behaviour and attitudes of intravenous drug abusers and risks significant for the spread of hepatitis C within the drug population.
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Possible critical situations in adolescents´ manners under the influence of narcotic
ŘEHOŘ, Vladislav
Juvenility is the age full of crises. Young people make essential decisions in moments when they don´t know what is right or wrong, their bodies and minds change. Adolescence is the time when childhood ends and young people become adults. Some of young people can start take drugs because drugs {\clqq}help`` them to forget their problems that the life brings, drugs give them the illusion of peace and happiness. Many scientists say that juveniles can taste bad things, they want to be respected by other young people at schools or in their neighbourhood. Drugs cam harm a lot in this age {--} their application leads to health, psychical and social problems for the future life. This is the reason why World Health Organization has prepared an important document called Programme HEALTH 21. For this reason WHO has declared to decrease the number of children and adolescents who use drugs and it will be good if children and young people don´t use drugs at all. It is necessary to prepare effective primary preventive programmes that are realised by many institutions (Department of Education, Department of Social Issue and Labour, state administration, schools and non-profit organisations). The aim of primary preventive programmes is to lead young people to a healthy lifestyle without drugs. The goal of my work was to find out if primary preventive programmes, that are realised in South Bohemia, respect the needs of Programme HEALTH 21 and how many young people are addicted to legal or illegal drugs and what is the number of young people who commit crimes under the influence of drugs. Primary preventive programmes respect the ideas of Programme HEALTH 21 {--} this is a cooperation of many institutions and South Bohemian region uses its money for primary preventive programmes. The number of drug addicts is the same like in other parts of the Czech Republic but young people in South Bohemia use more heroin, medicines without prescription and volatile substances {--} these are the most dangerous drugs. It may be the main reason to innovate primary preventive programmes. Juveniles addicted to drugs commit crimes but their number has decreased since 2003.
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Spiritual Dimension Treatment of Addicts
ČERNÝ, Gustav
In the writing, there is an attempt to compare 3 spiritually oriented cure-socialization anti-drug programs. The main criterion for selecting the programs was its Christian fundament, possible acceptance of an addicted one (availability) in the Czech Republic and a proofed effect on its graduates. The programs are represented besides the publicly accessible principles also by so-called key stories. These are the testimonies of people, who used these programs. The aim was to find a common element of the spiritual approach by maintaining the traditional difference. The results show, that if the spiritual dimension of the therapy shall be successful, there is needed a total openness of the graduate, confession of his own incapability to control his own life and surrendering into God{\crq}s hands. On this principle it is possible to start building a new drug-free life.
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Picture as a creative metaphor of addicted person existence
PETROVÁ, Sylvie
Bachelor work deals with drugs addiction problems. Theoretical part is focused on research of drug addicts{\crq} personality features and motives of their behavior. Further on, it compares finding of emotional-cognitive development theories with the level of clients{\crq} abilities of creative expression. Practical part looks for concrete non-displaced creative metaphors of instinctive wishes in the art-production of addicts. This part also tries to reveal unconscious and unaware motives and to cultivate emotionally immature creative expression of addicts with a view to these motives. There is a comparison of drug addicts{\crq} and alcoholics{\crq} art-production included at the end od this bachelor work.
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