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Nanoparticles preparation by green synthesis
Kortusová, Dominika ; Valušová,, Eva (referee) ; Šimšíková, Michaela (advisor)
This thesis deals with green synthesis of noble metals nanoparticles. The first part contains secondary literature research which maps both the traditional and newly developed techniques of nanoparticles preparation. Most attention is given to the various types of green synthesis, which constitute an environmentally friendly alternative to industrially applied methods. The second part deals with the preparation of noble metal nanoparticles using tea broths. The section describes the entire synthesis process and includes photographic documentation. A total of eight colloidal solutions were prepared, four of each metal. The nanoparticles were subsequently analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy. A time-lapse spectroscopic description of each synthesis was also undertaken. Furthermore, the size distribution of the particles by volume was measured and compared with the pictures obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The results have showed that tea broths, especially those from black tea and rooibos, are suitable for the biosynthesis of stable noble metal nanoparticles.
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Applications of nanotechnology in detection of biomolecules
Váňa, Rostislav ; Skladal,, Petr (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with metal nanostructures and their use in detection of biomolecules. A protocol for stabilizing solutions of gold nanoparticles was developed for better usage in biological samples or biochemical processes, where different pH or salt concentrations can be used. A model of optical properties of the nanoparticles was presented and supported by spectroscopic experiments. A possible utilization of plasmonic nanostructures on surfaces for detection of biomolecules was also demonstrated.
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Vanadium cells as a source and storage of energy
Langr, Pavel ; Chladil, Ladislav (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
This semestral thesis deals with problematics of redox flow batteries, especially vanadium batteries. The first part is focused on describing basic terms, describes redox batteries and explains chemical processes. It also deals with vanadium batteries properties and construction. The second part of the thesis describes diagnostic method of spectroscopy, which seems to be very perspective for examining attributes of vanadium redax batteries.
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Optimization of thin films of metal oxide materials
Vítek, Jiří ; Šimonová, Lucie (referee) ; Šubarda, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the description of the method of reactive sputtering of thin films. Currently, there are many ways how to create thin films and there are many applications of thin films in various industrial sectors. In this paper at the first are listed the issue of thin films, followed by an overview of the deposition techniques and of the chemical analysis of deposited thin films. It also describes the four-point measurement method of sheet resistance, mechanical test of adhesion and optical properties. At the end of the theoretical part are described the material composition of the deposited films. The goal of the practical part is to optimize the deposition process of the mixed layer of indium tin oxide (In2O3: SnO2) and contribute to the overall understanding of the influence of annealing on the layer. There were created six series of samples with that applied layers. First, the work focused on examining of the influence of annealing on the throughput in the whole measuring range, and then comparing the series due to the transmittance in the visible light spectrum. Furthermore were compared the value of sheet resistance of unannealed and subsequently annealed samples.
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Biodegradable bone implants based on iron
Müller, Petr ; Kazda, Tomáš (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
The present work deals with the comparison of the properties of metallic biomaterials in terms of their suitability for use as a temporary metal implant. In the work is judged biocompatibility of materials, they are comparing the corrosion rates and the influence of additives in the iron alloy to change biocompatibility and corrosion rate. In a part of this work is suggesting a method of preparing biodegradable metallic samples with different alloying elements and determine the methods, processes and measuring the corrosion rates. Part of this work is the chapter dealing with the function and effect of iron in the human body and any complications that may occur when a surplus caused by the release of part of the implant during its degradation or corrosion products. The outcome of this work is sort of created an iron-based samples in terms of their electrochemical corrosion potential, corrosion rate of samples exposed in various corrosive solutions, spectroscopic elemental analysis and outputs from the microscopic observation of the structures.
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Exploitng sparse signal representations in capturing and recovery of nuclear magnetic resonance data
Hrbáček, Radek ; Zátyik, Ján (referee) ; Rajmic, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the nuclear magnetic resonance field, especially spectroscopy and spectroscopy imaging, sparse signal representation and low-rank approximation approaches. Spectroscopy imaging methods are becoming very popular in clinical praxis, however, long measurement times and low resolution prevent them from their spreading. The goal of this thesis is to improve state of the art methods by using sparse signal representation and low-rank approximation approaches. The compressed sensing technique is demonstrated on the examples of magnetic resonance imaging speedup and hyperspectral imaging data saving. Then, a new spectroscopy imaging scheme based on compressed sensing is proposed. The thesis deals also with the in vivo spectrum quantitation problem by designing the MRSMP algorithm specifically for this purpose.
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Optical spectrometer designing
Dohnal, Marek ; Křivák, Petr (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
This project focuses the problems of projection and design of optical instruments being instrumental to determination of elements in various material compounds. There are described here the structures of fundamental optical instruments and their possible variants, one of which has been chosen and further entered into details. The work specifically refers to an optical spectrometer, which by its nature, ranges the bands both of visible and near-infrared radiation. The work presents basic principles of particular parts, which the existent instrument can consist of, the advantages and disadvantages brought by the single parts. For specifically proposed configuration, intentionally set in such a way it uses state-of-the art measurement methods obtaining the best possible measurement results, the work analyzes in details the method of operation and solves numerically the theoretical assumptions for correct operation of the spectrometer. A constituent of the project is an experimental measurement testifying, with certain errors, to the theoretical solutions. The measurement errors that could result from chosen arrangement and chosen measurement method are numerically expressed in a separate sub-chapter. Further various calibration methods are mentioned, based on which the calibration method used during the experimental measurement was selected. The last part of project is focused on circumferential design of the optical spectrometer, where series of suitable circumferential elements was scrutinized. For basic elements there are presented their parameters and possible troubles related to the implementation. Furthermore the realisation of project was carried out and the spectrometer was assembled with the parts available in laboratory. The results were elaborated with a computer programme created specially for this application and then compared to a professional spectrometer.
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Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measuring
Vítová, Hana ; Chmelař, Milan (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Goal of my master´s thesis is examination of non-invasive blood glucose measurement methods, and designing of device for non-invasive blood glucose reading. The introductory chapter of thesis contains description of know different methods for blood glucose measurement, mainly Near Infra-Red region (NIR) measurement with spectroscopy methods. This project describes pathology of Diabetes Mellitus, specifies how it is divided, and looks also on human metabolism. The theoretical part contains exploration of blood glucose measurement methods. Thesis continues with system scheme design for non/invasive glucose measurement device, based on present knowledge. Major principle of device is measuring with Infra-Red laser, bifurcate optic fiber and photodiode. Design of printed circuit board is also present. Document contains also designs of software diagrams for calibration and processing program written in C# language. Communication between device and computer is made via USB. Microcontroller with C language program is part of designed device. It is used to send measured values into PC and also receives data from computer. This data determines blood glucose concentration and their thresholds.
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Behaviour of varnish composite in various environmental condtions
Kadlec, Michal ; Frk, Martin (referee) ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of test samples of paint-filled micronized mica and analysis of electrical properties of insulating material values in different environmental conditions. For this purpose, it was created five sets of composite paint primers with different ratio of mica. Samples were gradually exposed to the environment relative humidity of 0%, 33%, 55%, 65% and 75%. For each environment with a defined moisture characteristics were observed in samples exposed to the temperature of 20 to 50 ° C. The diploma paper analyzed the influence of the mass implementation of mica in each set of samples and placed on the surface structure of samples.
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Analysis of composite system with different filler ratio
Mydlář, Marek ; Frk, Martin (referee) ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (advisor)
This master’s thesis applies dielectric relaxation spectroscopy to analyse impact of climatic changes on dielectric properties of composite material samples (TSA 220S varnish combined with 60.030 mica). Experiments aim to analyse effect of mica composite mass ratio (0, 4, 8 and 16 % of mica), relative humidity (0, 33, 55, 65, 75 and 95 %) and temperature (23, 30, 40 and 50 C) on complex permitivity as a function of frequency.
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