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Epidemiological aspect of pertussis in the Czech Republic
Fabiánová, Kateřina ; Kříž, Bohumír (advisor) ; Pazdiora, Petr (referee) ; Smetana, Jan (referee)
The aim was to document the trend in pertussis in the Czech Republic (CR) with regard to the infant population under one year of age, which is at highest risk for pertussis. Another point was to answer two questions: 1) whether the recent rise in pertussis cases in the CR is caused by new lineages of B. pertussis, against which the available vaccines are not effective, and 2) whether the circulating strains of B. pertussis are susceptible to antibiotics of choice. Data on pertussis cases were derived from the surveillance programme. Two hundred and sixty-five children under one year of age with laboratory confirmed pertussis, diagnosed between 1997 and 2013, were included in the study. B. pertussis isolates obtained within the surveillance of pertussis were examined by molecular biological methods - MAST (multiantigen sequence typing), MLVA (multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis), and MLST (multilocus sequence typing). B. pertussis strains isolated from patients between 1967 and 2010 were tested for susceptibility to first-line antibiotics for the treatment of pertussis. The analysis of the epidemiological situation confirmed an upward trend in pertussis in the CR since the 1990s in all age categories, including children under one year of age. Nearly 77 % of children acquired pertussis...
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Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis B in children aged 0-4 years
Kříž, David ; Pažitný, Peter (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
After many years of research have been developed, and then in January 2013 approved by the European Medicines Agency new multicomponent vaccine against meningococcal disease Group B Bexsero from Novartis. Meningococcal disease, because of its rapid progression and tragic consequences, a very dangerous disease. The aim of my thesis was to try to quantify the impact on the costs and benefits of the introduction of vaccination for the most vulnerable groups, namely children after birth to 4 years of age, by comparing the hypothetical vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts. The work itself has not demonstrated at today's prices and epidemiological data Bexsero vaccines, cost efficiency. However, at a reduced cost or increased incidence of cases appear to vaccination Bexsero as well utilized resources.
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Bussiness Project – Family Education Center
Bahushevich, Alena ; Hartman, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mísař, Jan (referee)
The main purpose of the Master Thesis is creation of the business plan on the establishment of the new preschool education institution Family Education Center. The center will be specialized in operating a kindergarten as well as in organizing educational and personal development activities for children and adults. The theoretical part of the thesis gives some insights on the importance of the entrepreneur and enterprises in the society, provides description of the basic requirements for a business plan and characteristics of the preschool education system in the Czech Republic. Practical part provides an application of the theoretical findings on the creation of the actual business plan. This part verifies the viability and competitiveness of the business project on the basis of the market analysis, marketing and financial plan.
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Therapy dog for people with autism
Nekardová, Eliška ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on autism and the importance of an assistance dog for people with this handicap.
Part of this work deals with pervasive developmental disorders, autism where the terms of the classification system ranks. There is also described three basic areas: social interaction, communication, interests and rituals. The work also indicated the distribution of pervasive developmental disorders according to the international classification system for children's autism, atypical autism, Asperger syndrome, other childhood disintegration disorder, Rett syndrome, other pervasive developmental disorders and autistic traits. The work also shows the development of disorders in different age groups and concise diagnosis of autism.
The second part deals with general zootherapy and detail subsequently canistherapy. There is a treatise on the history and forms of animal assisted therapy. An important part of the dismantling of the interaction of humans and animals, the influence of animal assisted therapy on individuals with pervasive developmental disorder. The work is mention of contraindications and canistherapy of ethics for assistance dogs. There are also described breeds suitable for this activity, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Flat-Coated Retriever and a Border Collie. In the south part includes information on training assistance dog in various organizations in the Czech Republic, specifically at the training center Helppes and organizacion Pomocné tlapky.
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THE LEVEL OF STATUS INFORMATION AND POSITION OF TRAVEL AGENCIES ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS OF TRAVELERS
AUERBACHOVÁ, Eva
The objective of this work is to find out potential diseases and protection of health within travelling by using of services Czech republic travel bureaus. The target is to map the level and attitude of travel bureaus in relation to customers health hazards. The research question was: What is the position of travel bureaus to possible customers health hazards. The used method was a qualitative research with application of individual interviews and question-form, where the target themes was the destination, way of transportation, accommodations, customer interest about health hazards, gravid customer interest of travelling and interest to travelling of customer with children under three years. It was also investigate the level of travel bureaus employees{\crq} knowledge about possible customers health hazards in foreign countries, mainly in subtropical and tropical countries. In this context was the focus at identification if the travel bureaus are able to give advice about customer health hazards, preventive vaccination and necessity to take necessary personal medicine, whether are exists some areas not suitable for cardiac patients and other chronic disordered patients, where can customers get information about travel health hazards and at last but not at least if the tours are offered health insurance inclusive. From the research results and content analysis were deduced these hypothesis: {$\cdot$} Travel bureaus customer are interested in potential health hazards combined with travelling practically only at ways to destinations out of Europe {$\cdot$} Travel bureaus employee are acquainted with potential health hazards and they are able to give advice about specific addresses or national (private ) institutions, where customer can get more information about possible customers health hazards in foreign countries {$\cdot$} Travel bureaus have cognisance of customer health hazards in foreign countries The hypothesis validity should be repeatedly verified in additional research. This work brings to traveller an overview about fundamentals life style in foreign countries and includes also an overview about health hazards sequent upon diverse climatic effects or lower hygienic level and there are also included precautionary arrangements to health protection in foreign countries. Likewise are interpreted views of travel bureaus to customer{\crq}s health hazards and level of own information related to this problem. Travel bureaus customer can mostly get information about health protection or he can get recommendations to trustfulness sources, where customer can take out the needed and correct information. Customer base should have been get the think on the brain and more be actively interested in regular vaccinations, hazards of sea bathing, overexposure to sunlight, hazardous sexual activities, observance of correct meal plan, insect prevention and medicine chest equipment. We would not have forget on possible damage as a result of clime incidence, psychic stress, form of transport or animal attack. The travellers are using very often the travel bureaus services and they suppose, that will become complex services. It means, that together with transport service, boarding and lodging and entertainment program they get advices and basic instructions about possible customers health hazards in foreign countries and information about precautionary arrangements to health protection.
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The question of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage
Borovcová, Anna ; Bezchlebová, Daniela (advisor) ; Fabiánová, Jana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the issue of mandatory vaccination and vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic. Therefore it focuses on all vaccines against infectious diseases which are now mandatory for all of the children: measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, viral hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The goal of this thesis is to illustrate the importance and benefits of vaccination on incidence and mortality of these diseases. Another part of this thesis is also description of methodology which is used to gather data about vaccination coverage and what the results are. In this part Liberec Region is used as an example. As a result of the unsuitable methodology which is used for data gathering in the Czech Republic, it was not possible to say whether the vaccination coverage de-creases in time. The thesis itself provides an information overview about vaccination which is important from demographic point of view and it also might be an impulse for changing current methodology of data collection.
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Malaria: the global challenge
Nicholson, Ashley ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
More than half the world's population is at risk from malaria, with up to 500 million cases each year and more than one million deaths directly resulting from the disease. Those at highest risk from the disease are people living in endemic areas, travelers to endemic areas, small children and pregnant women. Malaria is a constant risk to the overall health of the global population. Treatment of malaria depends on the species of infecting parasite, the area where the infection was acquired and its drug resistance status, the clinical status of the patient, any co-morbidities, pregnancy, drug allergies or other medications taken by the patient. Proper treatment of malaria will shorten its duration, prevent complications and help to avoid the majority of deaths. Currently the best available treatment is a combination of drugs known as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). This therapy works rapidly and has little or no resistance to date. In order to protect against the development we must combine drugs with different mechanisms of action against the same stages of the parasite. Malaria prevention includes vector control, chemoprophylaxis use and the future possibility of vaccine use. Vector control is achieved with the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying of...
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Incidence of Blood-Born and Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases with Focus on HBV and HCV in the Central Bohemia Region.
VELEKOVÁ, Petra
Viral hepatitides B and C are among the most widespread and at the same time most serious blood-born and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. The World Health Organisation considers the incidence of both infections to be an epidemic and, according to its estimates, there are 2 billion of people infected by hepatitis B virus and over 170 million of people infected by hepatitis C virus worldwide. Viral hepatitides B and C are diseases infecting the liver frequently becoming chronic and presenting a major factor in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Acute hepatitis C allegedly develops into chronic condition in approximately 85 % of CASE, and around one third of chronic hepatitis C patiens develop cirrhosis and many of them a liver carcinoma. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of acute hepatitis B developing into a chronic condition and possibly leading to cirrhosis or a hepatocellular carcinoma and the patientś age, it is indicated at 90 {--} 95 % in neonates, at 25 {--} 50 % in 1 to 5-year-olds, at 5 {--} 10 % in older children and adults. These diseases also have considerable socioeconomic impacts. Vaccination has been the most effective preventive measure agains viral hepatitis B, so far, no effective vaccine has been found for hepatitis C virus. The fundamental precautions against both types of viral hepatis consist in non-specific prevention related to the means of transmission of infection, namely avoiding contact with blood and other body fluids of any infected person. Both hepatitis B and C are most frequently trasmitted parenterally, by means of sexual intercourse, vertical transmission is less common. Before the introduction of screening tests for blood donors, viral hepatitides B and C were most frequently transferred via blood transfusion. At present, intravenous administration of illicit drugs presents a major risk factor due to sharing needles, syringes and other instruments among users. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes present day knowledge on viral hepatitides B and C. The practical part focuses on the incidence and means of transmission of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Central Bohemia Region within a 10-year period. I also aimed to examine viral hepatitides B and C transmission risks awareness, and safe-sex rules observation among a selected group of the Central Bohemia population.
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Mumps and its epidemiological characteristic
Ovečková, Markéta ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Based on stated epidemiological information we can see that periodic mumps vaccination is a necessary part of paediatric care of present population. Nowadays, mumps vaccination is provided in more than 100 countries all over the world. Several epidemics occurred in these countries with involvement of vaccinated and non-vaccinated people since the introduction of vaccination. Very often was the most affected group the group of 19-23 old people. The main reason of current epidemics is probably the low collective immunity in group of older children because of extinction after previous vaccination. The main reason in adult group is not being immunized naturally. The import of disease from other countries influences the origin of epidemics in the Czech Republic, for example import from Poland, where the periodic vaccination started as late as in 2004. Most of young doctors have probably never met mumps in their practices, whereas their older colleagues have often forgotten heterogeneous symptoms of infection. Sometimes it is very difficult to recognize this illness in time. The primary symptoms usually experience in the first time practical doctors, dentists, otorinolaryngologists and internal-medicine doctors. Doctors of urologic and surgery specializations should not miss orchitis when the testicles...
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Comparison of pertussis incidence in the world and in the Czech Republic
Čurdová, Anna ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor)
There was a significant decrease of incidence of pertussis after the routine vaccination by whole cell vaccine in 1958 in Czech Republic. Since the 90's an upward trend of incidence has been observed in the Czech Republic again. There was an age shift from the group of youngest childern toward older childern, adolescents and adults. The highest increase in pertusis cases occured in 10-14 year- olds. This age shift of pertussis incidence conduced to introduction of new revaccination programme for children in the age of 10 - 11 years by booster dose. The question is if this change of the vaccination schedule is enough or if iťs convenient to administer the sixth dose of vaccine in the age of 9 year. Despite high pertusis vaccine coverage in many other developed countries a similar upward trend of incidence, especially in older childern and adults, has been observed. Infants are at greatest risk of death or severe complication of pertusis. Older childern, adults and vaccinated population have often mild or atypical, misdiagnosed forms of pertussis and might represent a significant source of infection for non-immune infants. Target vaccination of parents, grandparents and a specific group of population in a close contact with non-immune child (health workers, educationists) should be also considered. Further...
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