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Demographic development of Czech population
ŠÍMA, Tomáš
My thesis deals with demographic development of Czech population in 1995 - 2011. Basically the demography is science that analyzes the reproduction of the human population and suggests how the population will change in the future. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I will discuss literal review of the chosen topic. This theoretical part was divided into 3 sections. I define demography as a science, demographic development of Czech Republic and geographic information systems. In the application part of my work I will analyze the demographic development in practical way. I will analyze demographic trends on the level of municipalities with extended competence (ORP). The basis for the creation of demographic trends will create quality database of ORP, where will be included basic demographic indicators, which are mortality, natality, abortion, marriage, divorce rate and migration
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Transformations of women?s legal capacity in European countries in the second half of twentieth century.
NOVOTNÁ, Kateřina
The subject of this bachelor thesis, ?Transformations of women?s legal capacity in European countries in the second half of twentieth century?, is induced abortion in European countries in the second half of twentieth century. The objective is to observe the continuous modifications of the forms of induced abortion during the given period. In the first section, basic attitudes towards the unwanted pregnancy and its induced interruption, its transformation since antiquity to the modern period, and Pro-Life together with Pro-Choice groups are stressed. Furthermore, 'abortion tourism' as well as the abortion committee operating in the area of Czechoslovakia are discussed. The second section of the thesis describes the detailed characteristics of resolving pregnancy interruption issues in the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Great Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. These continuous transformations are finally summarized in terms of other European countries.
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Ethical view on abortion and its legalization
ŠABACKÁ, Lenka
The thesis deals with the question of abortion. It briefly introduces the history of abortion and definition of basic terms. Further, it describes basic procedures for the implementation of abortion, pontential health problems, and mentions the Hippocratic Oath, too. More attention is then paid to the abortion legislation in the Czech Republic, including the current legislative texts, criminal responsibility, but also facts associated with the restrictions on abortion law. The thesis brings information, which characterizes ethics as a scientific discipline and its view on abortion. Finally, there are also mentioned basic differences between adoption and foster care, as well as other ways how to solve unwanted pregnancies.
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Bioethic in the public discourse
ŠIMKOVÁ, Petra
From time to time there comes to a stirring up of a society-wide discussion on bioethical issues ? abortion, prenatal diagnosis, assisted reproduction and euthanasia in the Czech Republic. This social discussion is largely influenced by media which present to us interesting news or a story, but it is necessary to realize that these topics have a much broader scope and potential impacts than it is served up to us by media. A wide range of debaters as well as professional and lay public regularly express to bioethical issues relating to the beginning and the end of life. For a fruitful discussion it is necessary to clearly define and specify concepts, because often there is a misguided discussion without any expected results. In the past there was no need to deal with such issues very much, because the order was in hands of Nature. Not completely healthy individuals failed to conceive a child, an unwanted foetus was carried to term and its sex was a surprise for parents and finally, people died naturally according to their age or after a lost match with a disease. For many people Nature, for others some Higher Order. Of course, an incredible scientific development enabled such miracles of which we would have not dreamt hundred years ago yet. We have gained many rights, freedom and democracy as well as a wide-ranging choice. Today we can decide whether to become pregnant and in the same way we can decide that we get rid of the full womb from different reasons. Using diagnostic methods we can determine what a child we carry bellow the heart, but with the help of the same technique it can become uncomfortable for us. We can be treated and live even a century and in many places we can lawfully decide that our life has no meaning and we can finish it. The aim of the diploma thesis is to map readers´ awareness of bioethical issues using a secondary analysis of printed documents from three chosen Czech dailies in 2000 ? 2010 years. To track what triggered a debate among the readers, who discussed and what stance adopted the readers on the issue. The secondary objective was also the mapping of all proponents´ and opponents´ arguments of selected topics and comparing the results with the professional literature. The research shows that the public debate was always sparked by an event presented by the media, to which subsequently responded readers from all areas. According to the research results the public awareness of bioethical issues has been formed mostly by experts directly involved in bioethical dilemmas or carrying out such a profession, in which bioethics greatly interferes. Readers of diverse composition participated in the discussion and the most represented group was a group of experts and a group of lay debaters.
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Attitude of unmarried young women to the issue of unwanted parenthood and abortion
CIPÍNOVÁ, Dagmar
The issue of abortions raises a number of conflicting opinions. Although women in the western society can use methods of a birth control, there are still unwanted pregnancies ending in the abortion. This intervention is legal in our society, but many people condemn it. Based on my diploma thesis I therefore wanted to ascertain opinions and attitudes of contemporary young women to the issue of an unwanted parenthood and abortions. I was primarily interested whether their opinions were influenced by a level of their education attainment. In relation to the aim of my thesis one of two determined hypotheses was confirmed. The research showed that an opinion of unmarried young women to this issue was not influenced by their education. Most women think that the right to undergo the abortion has every woman no matter what her reason is. Though, at the same time women perceive the intervention as a desperate solution of a hopeless situation, which they would undergo only from compelling reasons such as for example health problems or a pregnancy after the rape. Economic and social reasons are no longer a sufficient argument for them.
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The development of abortion in the Czech Republic and its international comparison.
Krausová, Alena ; Šimková, Martina (advisor) ; Šimpach, Ondřej (referee)
This work is focused on abortion and the factors influencing its development. Attitudes toward abortion are subjective but they can be influenced by religion or politics that are compressed by state. The major part of the work is devoted to comparing abortion among Romania, Spain and Sweden. The historical development of abortion is outlined in each country and the current legislative conditions for undergoing surgery too. Historical development in selected countries was affected by various factors. The development section is also attributed to two major demographic transitions. The analysis use different indicators and numbers of abortions are compared also in terms of total fertility rate, number of births and the mean age of women at childbirth.
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Change in marital behavior of population of the Czech Republic
Vacková, Veronika ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šimková, Martina (referee)
In this Bachelor thesis I examine Czech family on the basis of demographic indicators in years 1945 -- 2010. After 1989 there has been a change in the family behaviour of the Czech Republic inhabitants. The theoretical part explains every examined term and history of the Czech family. In this part I also describe historical development of the Czech Republic since 1945 for better understanding of encountered situations in the Czech Republic demography. I have divided the analytical part into 3 time periods - 1945 -- 1967, 1968 -- 1989 and years 1990 -- 2010. I have illustrated development of demographical indicators by graphs. In the third part of this thesis i have summed up social and economical consequences of changes in the family behaviour of the Czech people. I have also focused on the suggestion on expected development of indicators which influence family behaviour of inhabitants.
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Legalized abortion and crime: also in Czech?
Dubovský, Peter ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
In this thesis, I test with Czech data the hypothesis of Donohue & Levitt (2001) which proposes that the growth of abortion rate lowers the future crime rate. The fixed effects model I use is derived from Donohue & Levitt (2001) and adjusted on the basis of criticism by Foote & Goetz (2005; 2008) and Joyce (2004; 2009a; 2009b). As regards period 1994-2009 the results imply that the rise of abortions by 10 per 100 born children lowers theft by eight percent in an age group after it reaches the criminal age. Considering the periods 1968-1976 and 1978-2009 the estimates are low and weakly significant indicating only little impact of abortion on crime during the socialist period.
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Nursing care women during wirt abortion
KOUTNÍKOVÁ, Radka
A birth assistant should manage several roles when taking care of women {--} she should communicate well, be a good nurse, should show empathy to women, introduce new trends and knowledge into her work, discuss them with her colleagues, be able to defend her actions and contribute to the improvement of nursing care. My work uses a quantitative survey based on the collection of data through questionnaires combined with a qualitative survey using interviews to clarify survey questions. The survey was carried out from October to December 2008. Research subjects included birth assistants and women patients at Gynaecological and Obstetric Departments. Questionnaires for birth assistants were distributed in 5 hospitals in the Czech Republic (Ústí nad Labem, Jindřichův Hradec, České Budějovice, Třebíč and Brno). I distributed 150 questionnaires for birth assistants; 105 (70%) questionnaires were collected. 15 questionnaires were discarded for being incorrectly completed; the research uses the total of 90 (100%) questionnaires. Interviews with women patients were carried out in the hospital in Ústí nad Labem. I interviewed 8 patients, who had been informed about the structure of the interview. They agreed that the interviews were recorded by dictaphone; the interviews were subsequently transcribed and assessed in charts and tables. My bachelor thesis formulates four targets and four hypotheses. The survey confirmed the targets and the hypotheses. The bachelor thesis deals with women after abortion; it focuses on nursing care, information provided to women patients, the securing of their intimacy and the care rendered to them according to standards. During the collection of data, I did not encounter unwillingness or displeasure on the part of birth assistants or women patients. The approach of both these groups was positive; 70% of birth assistants and 100% of women patients cooperated on the research. Both groups were interested in the results of the research. The results and theoretical part of the bachelor thesis will be used as a source of information for birth assistants and women after abortion. Birth assistants promised to use the results of the work as inspiration for the improving of their care of women after abortion. The bachelor thesis may also be used as an information brochure for women after abortion and the general public. It may provide information for the production of leaflets available at Gynaecological and Obstetric Departments or lectures.
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