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Effect of enteral nutrition on the microbiota of children with Crohn's disease
Halbrštátová, Eliška ; Bunešová, Věra (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
Each year there are many facts being discovered, supporting the unexceptionable importance of intestinal microbiota on human health. One of these many fields of interest is the significant role of microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases arising due to disruption to its balance. This bachelor thesis deals with one of the aforementioned inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease, whose occurrence increases not only in children, but in adults also. Because of the fact that there hasn't been discovered any effective drug yet, treatment is targeted on suppressing the inflammation, curtailment of the urgent phase and attaining long term symptomless period. One of treatment options is enteral nutrition, whose influence on microbiota will be investigated in this study. The research is focused on the influence of nutrition in children patients, which differs by its specifics from adult treatment.
Due to the difficulty of the study, from 50 originally classified patients, 15 children patients of Motol University Hospital were selected. Those were subjected to treatment by enteral nutrition for a period of 6 weeks, during which stool samples were taken. Fresh stool samples were used for cultivation and biochemical test.
Cultivated and quantified were the groups of gramnegative bacteria, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli, total amount of anaerobic bacteria and bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Biochemical tests were further conducted, those were targeted on the detection and identification of the genus Bifidobacterium in the patient's stool. For identification, the commercial diagnostic system API ZYM was used. With the aim of promoting the conclusiveness of study, samples were preserved for the isolation of bacterial DNA and further research.
A review of the literature proved the fact that in Crohn's disease some of the beneficial bacterial groups are reduced, while, on the other side, quantity of some bacterial groups increases, which converts otherwise beneficial and ordinarily inhabiting groups of the intestinal microbiota to pathogenic ones. So enteral nutrition treatment should support increasing the number of reduced groups and the pathogenic ones should be reduced to benefit of reduced groups.
Summing up the results of our study comes to the conclusion, that expected increase bacteria of the genus Enterococcus a Lactobacillus was achieved, thus confirming efficiency of enteral nutrition treatment. On the contrary, the growth of the bacteria of the genus E. coli and the group of coliform bacteria, together with the downturn of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, refutes the efficiency of enteral nutrition treatment.
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Factors influencing the quality of red wine
Zechmeisterová, Lucie ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
In my thesis, I focused on monitoring of microorganisms in the sample of red grape juice and on the interactions between yeasts, bacteria and filamentous fungi. Three different media were applied for the cultivation of microorganisms; firstly for monitoring of total volume of microorganisms, secondly for yeasts and third time for lactic acid bacteria. The indirect method was used for the determination of the amount of viable cells. This method consists in enumerating of visible macroscopic colonies grown up on agar plates. When the cells grew up, the forms of colonies were analyzed visually and the morphology of microorganisms was detected microscopically. The operating time of enzymes in grape juice in the production of red wine was monitored after application of commercial enzymatic preparation. The enzym action in grape juice was observed on the basis of the process of degradation of high – molecular substrate by enzymes through the use of Ubbelohd´s viscometer. The research findings provided a lot of knowledge about the occurance of microflora in the process of production of red wine. The commercial preparations added to grape juice played a significant role.
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Infection of salmonelosis, their source and diagnosis.
Valkus, Martin ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis deals with infection of salmonelosis, it’s source, prevention and diagnosis. Theoretical part includes general information about Salmonella species and its morphology. It describes pathogenesis, source of infection, clinical symptoms, treatment and diet recommendations. It analyzes statistics of number of infection occurrences in Czech Republic. It also deals with prevention of infection origin on schools, population foreknowledge and climatic effects. Experimental part of this thesis contains description of optimization procedure of identification Enterobacteriaceae by adjusting of pH of prepared medium MIU.
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Nožnosti kultivace komerčních zón v okrajových částech sídel
Šabata, Ondřej
Cultivation of Shopping Center spaces and it's alternatives in peripheral urbs is a complex theme, which is devided into theoretical part and a study of a particular situation in practice. The origin, development and context of the peripheral urbs related on development of regional planning is described at the first part of this paper. Then current situation is described, standardized and demonstrated on several examples of Shopping Centers in Europe, focused on landscape continuality. Second part of this paper is focused on landscape study in practice on example of Cerna Pole Shopping Center in Brno, CZE. Process of analyzing and creating of a solution is described, including pictures of the area and examples of particular architectural design. In conclusion, the sumary is completed by several options of cultivation of commercial zones and public spaces. Plans and designs of an architectural study are included separately at the end of this script.
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In vitro expansion and activation of natural killer cells for cell therapy.
BENEŠOVÁ, Monika
NK cells are part of the non-specific immune response and are one of the main components of antitumor immunity. They do not need antigen stimul for thein activation but recognize damaged ( transformed ) cells by characteristic decreased expression of MHC I molecules. These natural killers become subjekt of many clinical studies based on the use of anti-tumor activity of NK cells for both solid tumors and in hemato - oncological diseases. The aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for in vitro expansion and activation of NK cells. NK cells were isolated from mononuclear cell fraction by magnetic separation and cultured in two types of media SCGM and X - VIVO 10 with the addition of interleukin-2 respectively OKT3 antibody. The influence of the mononuclear cells on proliferation of NK cells was tested. After a 6- day culture , the cells were passaged and growth of NK cells was determined using hematological analyzer and flow cytometry. Expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD336 (NKp44) was observed. All experiments were conducted under conditions of good manufacturing practice. Slightly higher gain of NK cells was observed in SCGM media without a significant differences in the other additives. Much higher number of NK cells was observed in culture with supporting irradiated mononuclear cells. There were no differences in cultures with autologous or allogeneic cells. We found that NK cells with higher proliferative potential express increasingly CD25, unlike the cells with decreased proliferation which had increased expression of CD336 marker. The work led to the definition of the optimal culture conditions for NK cells and became the basis for the further development of the medicinal product from in vitro activated NK cells.
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Assessment of small machinery for processing and soil cultivation acording to selected indicators of exploitation
PAVELA, Josef
The first part of thesis is written as a literary review, which deals with the basic information of soil composition, the importance of soil in agriculture and the methods of soil tillage. It follows dividing of small tractors, machinery and tools for primary soil tillage, the soil preparation before sowing and planting and the soil cultivation. A literary review is concluded by an analysis of exploitation, economic and environmental indicators. The second part of thesis is formulated as the methodical way The methodology deals with measurement of operational tests, which means the time-frames measuring of selected rotary tillers. The thesis presents the results of measuremens of selected rotary tillers MOUNTFIELD MS 16 IN and VARI IV GLOBAL and compares the them. The conclusion of the thesis deals with an evaluation of the results, achieved by measurement.
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Investigation of chlamydia urogenital tract
BENDOVÁ, Radka
The subject of this bachelor paper is chlamydiae examination in urogenital tract via the method of cultivation. The aim of this paper is to test the cultivation method of diagnosis Chlamydia trachomatis on a tissue of culture, to evaluate the outcome according to individual criteria in a given period and to compare the outcome with the literary data. The virology laboratory in hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. Is equiped for the culture tissue preparation and for this method they use uncommon line of cells BGM, which is not commonly used in the world. In this department this line has proven and so they use it since 1985, when they received it. This paper informs about the present situation of chlamydiae, their clasification according to phylogenetic and genome bacterial analysis, about their occurence, growth cycle and multiplication. The paper also focuses on chlamydiae infections divided into ocular and urogenital infection and their treatment. The overview of present issues is finished by the methods of evidence, direct and indirect evidence. In the direct evidence there are described the issue cultures their preparation and cultivation. This method was verified in the practical part of my bachelor paper. For this bachelor paper I was provided with samples from urogenital tract which were evaluated in three categories: positive, negative and imposible to evaluate (samples were overgrown with bacteria or yeast cells and it was imposible to evaluate them). They were mostly smears from urethra and cervix (at women) or from urethra only (at men). The number of all samples was 159 and they were examined during the period from 18th October to 5th December 2011. Chlamydiae grew on issue cultures for 48 hours and then they were died with modified colouring Macchiavella. 127 examples (79.9%) coloured by this technique were evaluated from the total number. Ambiguous samples were coloured by the monoclonal antidote against Chlamydia trachomatis. 32 samples (20.1%) were coloured using this technique from the total number.I also evaluated the samples according to age. Unusually high was positivity (42.2%) at women at the age of 26-46. Which includes the highest number of samples (54.2%) of women from the total number. It mostly concerned pacients with gynaecological difficulties who were never examined and treated or they had a chronical infection which can be treated with difficulties and inclinates to relapse. At men the highest number of samples (56.1%) from the total number was at the age of 26-46 but only 13% were positive. The difference is given by the size of samples and also at men the occurence of chronical infection is less common.
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