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Characteristics of crude protein fractions in ruminant nutrition
KOUKOLOVÁ, Marie
Physiology of nutrition and feeding of farm animals is an essential factor influencing production efficiency and its quality. For these factors is important to provide optimal supply of nutrients by suitable feeds. Felicitous feed ration raise the economic realization of genetic potential of animals. Therefore we have to know the nutritional requirements of animals, including microorganisms, whose function in the diet of cattle is irreplaceable. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional value of forage and lupine feeds (n = 8) by laboratory methods. Samples were analyzed for individual feed nutrients (crude protein (CP), fat, crude fiber, ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL)), gross energy and nitrogen fractions, and the results were statistically processed. Determination of individual nitrogen fractions was according to methods of Licitra et al. (1996). For this purpose were used following laboratory methods: (1) determination of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) (2), determination of soluble nitrogen and protein, (3) determination of nitrogen insoluble in acid detergent (ADIP), (4) determination of nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent (NDIP). From these were obtained the results of NPN, IP (insoluble protein), SOLP (soluble protein), ADIP (nitrogen insoluble in acid detergent) and NDIP (insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent). Averaged values (g.kg-1 of dry matter) of were 144.3 for NPN, 97.5 for IP, 78.7 for SOLP, 30.4 for ADIP and 80.3 for NDIP. Nitrogen fractions, i.e. fraction A (nonprotein nitrogen), fraction B1 (rapidly degraded protein), fraction B2 (intermediately degraded protein), fraction B3 (slowly degraded protein) and fraction C (bound protein) were calculated by equations of Ghoorchi and Arbabi (2010). The range of values was from 2.5 to 51.2 % of CP for fraction A, from 13.4 to 20.7 % of CP for fraction B1, from 0 to 19.9 % of CP for fraction B2, from 5.5 to 51.9 % of CP for fraction B3 and from 10.1 to 32.4 % of CP for fraction C.
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Monitoring medical herbs in organic farming
ČASTA, Jiří
Importance of utilization of medical plants in human nutrition and treatment is embedded in our minds. Growing of medical plants is the suitable supplement of an organic farm. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the situation in the growing of medical plants in the organic farming in the Czech Republic. About 18 main medical plant species is grown on 500 ha in organic farming in the Czech Republic. The growing is concentrated in the South Moravia. The organic production is mainly processed to different teas, spices and aromatic extracts. About 55 growers and 50 processors of organic medical plants is in the Czech Republic.
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Evaluating production and quality losses from game damage in spring barley
Dvořák, J. ; Cerkal, R. ; Kamler, Jiří ; Šejnohová, H.
During a field trial in locality Žabčice in the year 2004 the effect of different damages of plants on yield and quality of the barley variety Amulet was detected by the method Latin square. Plants were damaged in three intensities (not damaged, damaged 25% and damaged 50%). From result is evident the decline of both economic production and production of front corn in the case, that was damaged 50% of the leaf area of the plants in the beginning of stem extension stage (by 6,7% or 6,6% in comparison to non damaged area), but better ratio of corn to straw was found out (0,93). The stress of the plants induced by the damage did not caused neither any significant changes in the content of selected chemical component in the corn, nor decline of the content extractive matter in the malt.
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The issue of processing of wood biomass chipper
KALVAS, Pavel
Problems of this thesis presents a comparison of selected chippers available in the Republic, describing the structural design of wood chippers, subsequent evaluation of selected machinery energy consumption and quality of the final product depending on the volume of processed wood biomass, then evaluate the economics of machine.
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Factors affecting the quality of pig meat
PÖSINGEROVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to compile the factors effecting on the quality of pork meat, which include nutritional value, sensory characteristics of meat (texture, juiciness, taste and smell), technological properties (pH, colour, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity) and the influences which impact the meat quality, such as breeding affiliation, age and weight at slaughter, sex and nutrition. In this work was also described transport to the slaughterhouse and stabling as well as ways of stunning and bleeding. Another factors affecting meat quality are quality variations (PSE, DFD, PFN and RSE), which are also included.
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Regulation weedy plants in a growth of winter rape
KAMEŠ, Josef
This work is focused on the problems of weed plants in winter rape which has been in recent years one of the most significant crop-plants in the world and represents one of the few plants grown in the Czech Republic where we can expect positive profit. The problems of weed plants is one of the main negative factors affecting the yield and quality of rape. For this reason I was following the weed infestation rate in three variants in one land during a certain vegetation period of winter rape. The number of weed plants occurred in the given land was recorded and assessed regularly. The most frequent weed was field pansy, which made up approximately 85 % of all the range of weeds which occurred in the explored land. The second most frequent weed was Field pennycress which made up 14 % of the weeds occurred. There were hardly any other kinds of weeds in the land. From the resultant values we can make the conclusion that long-term fight against persistent weeds has to be done carefully and has to be based on complex protection which consists of preventive and direct methods of weed plants regulation.
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Nutrition of patients in oncology departments
FOUSKOVÁ, Diana
The title of my bachelor thesis is Nutrition of Patients in Oncology Departments. In the theoretical part, I focused on the characteristics of malnutrition cancer, its symptoms, types of tumor malnutrition, its causes and consequences. Then I mentioned and described the various changes in metabolism of an oncology patient and a diagnosis of malnutrition. In the next part I described various types of nutritional support. In the theoretical part, I also focused on cancer therapy, where I described types of cancer treatment, various side effects of cancer therapy associated with intake of food and beverages and for every undesirable side effect I stated dietary recommendations. In the last part I mentioned risk factors and prevention of cancer. The goal of the practical part of my bachelor thesis was to determine the nutritional status of hospitalized patients in oncology departments in the context of anticancer therapy. I responded to three research questions: 1. "How does the antitumor therapy affect quality and quantity of consumed food?" 2. "How often must parenteral and enteral nutrition be applied to these patients?" 3. "How does the antitumor therapy affect the patient's weight?" The method quantitative and qualitative research was used for processing of the research part. The research was conducted by creating a week's records of diet, which were recorded by hospitalized patients in two departments of oncology. The research sample consisted of 50 oncology patients. Week's records of diet were recorded by 30 patients at University Hospital in Olomouc and by 20 patients at the University Hospital in Motol, Prague. The results were processed by Nutriservis software. Values of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates calculated by Nutriservis software were compared with the recommended values corresponding with weight and age of the patient. I also examined the number of cases of parenteral and enteral nutrition and weight loss during cancer therapy by having records of the patient's weight at the beginning of anticancer treatments and their current weight. All patients were in the second half of anticancer treatment. I learned this information from patient documentation. To be allowed to have a look into the patient's documentation I prepared informed consent form, which I had consequently signed by the patients. The processed data are interpreted using tables and graphs, which are always accompanied by commentary. I have divided patients into groups according to diagnoses for evaluation. The results show that most patients have an inadequate intake of energy and essential nutrients. Food intake of patients has shown to be dependant on the type of tumor. Patients with carcinomas of the upper digestive tract, colon and carcinomas of liver, gall bladder and pancreas have larger deficiency of energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates in comparison to patients with genital carcinomas. Patients with carcinomas of the kidney and urinary tract have also shown a significant deficit of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. The nutritional support was very common, particularly to patients to whom the tumor caused obstruction of some part of their digestive tract. As for carcinomas of the upper digestive tract, PEG is implemented to most patients. Very common was providing of sipping as an addition to their normal diet and in case of major nutrition complications parenteral nutrition was also often applied. The weight loss was apparent on most the patients. How significant was the weight loss depended on the type of tumor. Adequate intake of energy, nutrients and drinks during anticancer treatment is very important for patients. In the case of formation or developement of tumor malnutrition or developement of complications associated with food intake, nutritional support should be ensured timely according to patient's individual condition.
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Kindergarten Teacher Personality and her Professional Growth
KOHOUTOVÁ, Naděžda
The personality of teacher influences quality of education. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to show the social responsibility of the nursery teacher profession in context with the need and the necessity of the lifelong learning. Theoretical part of this thesis is dealing with the social responsibility of education. It defines the terms education and learning firstly in general than from the social point of view. It presents the importance and the actual conception of preschool education. It defines also personality and professional competences of the nursery teacher. Practical part is devided into two parts ? it pursues offer of the educational organisations and via questionnaire it finds out the needs of teacher in relation to further education. On the base of comparison it determines the recommendations for the organisations of further education.
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