|
|
Effect of grazing and mowing on vegetation of dry grasslands
Pechová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čiháková, Kateřina (referee)
Grassland communities are natural part of our landscape. They were mostly created or maintained by human. If we leave them to their natural development they will disappear. Today grazing or mowing is recommended as an appropriate management. This work is an answer to the beginning of the grazing and mowing management in NPP Kaňk near Kutná Hora. Its goal is preparation for the monitoring of grazing and mowing, which will be in progress in this locality since year 2010.
|
|
|
Typological classification and categorization og grasslands in selected area and recommendation of sutable grassland management
KADLECOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to create the botanic snap of the chosen locations, which were meadows, grasslands, pastures and also fallow grass areas, to determine the area coverage of three main agrobotanic species i.e. grass, herbs and clover, to process it with the statistcal software and determine the method and intensity of use and fertilization of individual locations and suggest the suitable prato-technical methods. The cenological structure of the locations has been observed and described using botanic snaps. The prato-technic method used were documented for each of the locations and evaluated the influence on the cenological structure. The research was performed in locations Vřeskovice, Čeletice, Městiště in the region Pilsen, former district of Klatovy. In each location the botanic snaps were taken from 3 areas of about 5 x 6 meters each. There were determined the area coverage of grass, herbs and clovers and calculated the mean indication value of humidity. Mean indication value of humidity is the parameter usable for determination of permanent grassland management and utilization. The data from the research was elaborated in software MS Excel. I recommend to manage the analyzed permanent grasslands as follows: 1. The meadow Vřeskovice behind the sewage cleaning station - additional sow of perennial rye grass, meadow clover and white clover. 2. The meadow Mstice - total recovery alternatively conservative prato-technic measures - manure fertilization for about 20t/ha and additional sow of meadow and white clover and grass - red fescue, blue grass and perennial ryegrass. 3. The meadow above the transformer station Vřeskovice - keep on current management od additional clovers sow. 4. The pasture Čeletice grazed by horses - keep on current management or additional sow of red fescue, tall fescue and timothy grass. 5. The meadow Městiště with combined utilization by cattle pasture and mowing - keep on current way of use. 6. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by cattle - keep on current utilization or additional sow meadow and white clover. 7. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by sheep - keep on the current utilization, in future after the reduction of dangerous knapweed to decrease the amount of pastured animals. 8. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice behind Petrovický neither mowed nor pastured - proposed mulching twice a year for about 1 or 2 years, then pasture or pasture of extensive cattle breed (Galloway) or sheep or periodical mowing once or twice a year. 9. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice trench at the farmhouse - leave as a fallow meadow improves the biodivesity, optionally to mow once or twice a year from estetical reasons.
|
|
|
Changes of vegetation composition in hilly country forests depending on the application of historical forms of management
Nechanská, Denisa ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The aim of my study is to determine the influence of historical management practices on the camposition of vascular species in hilly country forests on the Vysoká stráň hill in the Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of my thesis describes influences of forest management on the herb diversity from different scientific studies. There is some information about the influence of herbivorous grazing, pollarding, litter raking and fire. Secondly provides a case study dealing with the influence of historical management on the vascular species composition in the forest understory. My experimental area was divided into 32 treatments, where three different ways of historical management were used - mowing of the understory vegetation, litter raking and the combination of mowing and litter raking. The fourth area was a control treatment. Change in the herb diversity depending on a time is statistically significant but changes in the herb diversity depending on different ways of historical management are statistically insignificant. We detected a distinct decline in the herb diversity during our experiment, also on the control treatments. The main gradient of vegetation points from mesophilous acidophytes to species characteristic...
|
|
|
Effect of management on the diversity and establishment of plants in the Giant Mountains
Trejbalová, Lenka ; Krahulec, František (advisor) ; Březina, Stanislav (referee)
Meadows, as an integral part of the Giant Mountains, depend on regular management, without it they can get degraded. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of different types of management (mulching, mowing with or without fertilization) on change in coverage, biomass and establishment of plants. The experiment took place in years 1997-2011 on the site called Sněžné Domky in Giant Mountains on 3 sites which differ in humidity and trophy. The effect of management on vegetation change was statistically conclusive. Mulching was preffered the most by Geranium sylvaticum, mulching and fertilization was preffered especially by these species: Holcus mollis, Alopecurus pratensis and Crepis conyzifolia. Mulching and no fertilization: Achillea millefolium. Avenella flexuosa preferred particularly mowing. Mowing and fertilization was preffered by Festuca rubra, Luzula luzuloides, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Agrostis capillaris, Veronica officinalis and Hieracium lachenalii. Mowing without fertilizazion was preffered by Potentilla erecta. The effect of management on the amount of biomass appeared statistically inconclusive (except for amount of old biomass). Biomass is more correlated by the weather and the trophy of the site than the type of management. The effect of management on establishment of plant...
|
|
|
Effect of grazing and mowing on vegetation of dry grasslands
Pechová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čiháková, Kateřina (referee)
Grassland communities are natural part of our landscape. They were mostly created or maintained by human. If we leave them to their natural development they will disappear. Today grazing or mowing is recommended as an appropriate management. This work is an answer to the beginning of the grazing and mowing management in NPP Kaňk near Kutná Hora. Its goal is preparation for the monitoring of grazing and mowing, which will be in progress in this locality since year 2010.
|
|
|
Design of mobile reel mower
Mrověc, Jan ; Pelikán, František (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis is documented an analysis and an approach of designing a self-propelled mobile reel mower with respect of general assumptions of industrial design. Thesis takes aim on a comparison of technologies of present manufacturers of garden equipment and proper choice and following application of technical solution and shape solution on a new product.
|
|
|
Design of automatic lawnmower
Rytíř, Jan ; Chorý, Tomáš (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the design of an automatic lawn mower. The design solution is based on innovative concept respecting all technical, ergonomical, aesthetical and ecological demands. A research study, including a historical, technical and design analysis of lawn mower, is preceding the description of main creative part of design process starting from the concept development and ending up with the final solution. A conclusion of the thesis presents an analysis of final solution, its character, contribution to the human society and the particular role of industial design in automatic lawn mower concept.
|
|
|
State and botanical composition of turfs on selected football playgrounds and possibilities of their improvement
BĚLÍK, Michal
The aim of my thesis was to assess the condition of the lawn at selected football pitches. At individual courses that were selected for analysis to determine the composition of the stands and was designed to measure the maintenance and improvement of grassland selected courses. The literature review includes knowledge about the history and significance of grassland. An important role is also played by the different grass species suitable for football lawns. It also includes the lawn care, which consists of proper irrigation, fertilization, mowing, etc. Finally, it plays a very significant role requirements on the football field and categorization system football pitches. The literature review will also find a brief characterization of individual pests, diseases and weeds in the lawn. To assess the pattern grass samples were taken for analysis grass species of three football pitches and a football club Spartak Pelhřimov, sports club Ústrašín and sports club Žirov. Subsequently, an analysis of individual lawns. Football clubs FK Spartak Pelhřimov and FC Žirov had the best mix of grassland. For the football field team FC Ústrašín was grassland at individual locations in worse condition, and therefore was recommended various measures, which consisted of a better fertilization, irrigation, sow empty seats etc.
|
|
|
Development of permanent grassland after sowing arable land
CÁBOVÁ, Lenka
Three unnamed locations were monitored in the eastern part of the Šumavské and Novohradské Foothills in the Southern Bohemia, the district of Český Krumlov. An arable land was grassed with permanent clover-grass mixture consisting of seven grass species and one clover species. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate the development of grasslands after sowing of the arable land. It was very interesting to see how the vegetation is getting involved with and gradually being enriched with other species. The average coverage rate of the herb layer, the average number of species in the herb layer and the average forage value were monitored. At the time of the phytosociological monitoring, the vegetation at the site was six years old at the location 1, or three years old at the locations 2 and 3. The phytosociological mapping was performed to capture the spring, summer and autumn aspect. By evaluating the results, it was found out that the oldest site 1 has the lowest coverage rate of grasses and a too high coverage rate of clovers and herbs. This site also shows the lowest average number of species and foraging value compared to other locations. All three sites have shown an enormous spreading of the dandelion in the vegetation. The coverage rate of the sown grass species decreased in almost all localities, except for the meadow fescue at the location 2 and the smooth meadow-grass on the location 1. The coverage rate of the sown red clover has increased only at the location 1. The total disappearance of Italian rye-grass from the vegetation was recorded at all three sites. The monitored sites are still very young, so we can expect a further stabilization and vegetation succession in approximately 10 years. It is evident from the obtained results that the species composition of the sites is influenced both by the manner of management (mowing), by the age of the vegetation, by its establishment and also by succession.
|
|
|
The influence of different way of grassland exploitation on selected vegetation characteristics and soil properties
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis was focused on evaluate the effect of various permanent grassland exploitation on the biological characteristics and soil properties. Permanent grasslands are composite and varied community of legumes, grasses and many other forbs, which are an important component of agroecosystem. This thesis was carried out in 2013 on experimental grass field trial on Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in the ČeskéBudějovice. The experimental variants was evaluated the effect of management by mowing, mulching, leaving fallow.Otherwise were also evaluated height stands,phenophases during harvesting, types of outgrowth, the amount of residual biomass and selected soil properties. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of different exploitation of grassland herbage on its characteristics and selected soil properties and design of appropriate methods of grassland management. Method of grassland management should be chosen with respect to the exploitationmethodsof permanent grassland. It is very important to take into account the altitude climatic and soil conditions and the type of vegetation.Finally, it must be taken of the used machinery. It was recommended evaluated grassland mowed 2 or 3 times a year along with fertilization by NPK as a suitable form of management.
|
guest ::
