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Obesity as a stigma
SEKERKOVÁ, Tereza
The work is focused on the perception of obesity as a stigma. Obesity is a disease which characterizes the multiplication of body fat. It is accompanied by a series of somatic and psychic health risks. In connection with associated disease, the morbidity and mortality increase and rank among the second place of the most frequent causes of premature death. The word stigma refers to the person which is negatively distinguished in society. Obese man is exposed to predjudices and is stigmatized. He becomes the target of negative attacks at school, in employment, in personal life and also in broad society. Company looks at the obese individuals as stupid and lazy. In relation to the given issues, two objectives in work were determined. The first aim was to ascertain whether the patients suffering from obesity are stigmatized. The second objective was focused on the attitudes of general nurses to the obese patients. Further, there were four research issues. The first research issue was focused on the issues in partnership life by obese patients. The second research issue inquires whether it comes to the social isolation by the patients with obesity. The third research issue ascertained whether the nurses consider obesity the worsening factor during providing the nursing care. The fourth research issue concerned the negative attitudes of nurses to the obese patients. These research issues were all answered and consequence of it was that the obese patients face stigmatization in different directions and the attitudes of general nurses to the obese patients are negative. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is the theoretical part. The second part is the practical part which was processed by means of qualitative research investigations which were performed using the semi-structured interview. The interviews were then remade to case histories. They were run by seven nurses from the inpatient ward and with ten obese women. The interesting facts were found out on the basis of the processing of practical parts. It was revealed that the body weight by obese individuals is stigmatizing for them and they face number of obstacles. Obese individuals are exposed to social isolation. They do not like visiting the society and avoid larger number of people. They have difficulties in partner relationships, sometimes also in employment. Towards the fact that the obese individuals could be socially excluded or stigmatized bends also the majority of respondents of nurses, but during the provision of nursing care to obese individuals they do not occupy themselves with this problem. Personal attitudes of general nurses to obese patients are negative and it also follows from the responses of patient respondents. Therefore, the nursing diagnosis ?social isolation" was processed which could help to nurses in practice and their obese patients in the solution of this problem.
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The view of educated people on persons with mental retardation in Pisek
SOCHOROVÁ, Zuzana
In my theses I try to address the attitude of the citizens from southbohemian town Pisek to persons with a mental retardation. The theoratical part is describing the mental retardation, its causes, specialities and presence. It further describes the upbringing of children with a mental disabilities, their education and socialization. It gives the reasons for the origin of the attitudes and prejudice to others and in the project part is stating what is the attitude of the citizens of Pisek towards people with mental retardation. Whether the perception of mentally retarder persons by educated people from Pisek is positive or negative and if it is influenced by their education. I am surveying the situation of organizations in Pisek which are focused on this particular kind of diability and support the integration and higher quality of life of an individual with mental disorder.
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Psychopathological symptoms of psychosis - schizophrenia
SAHAJOVÁ, Ludmila
The work deals with the lives of people with mental illness - schizophrenia and opportunities that contribute to improving or maintaining their current health status. The theoretical part includes the characteristics of psychotic illness, legal protection of patients, possible treatment and aftercare. The practical part describes and compares three selected services or facilities. This is the Horizon Zlín, therapeutic workshops Kotva Strážnice and day service center Uherské Hradiště - Jarošov. It also includes assessment of the importance of individual therapeutic activities with clients focusing on the reduction of recurrent symptoms of schizophrenia and pointing out the importance of aftercare services and improving the facilities that this follow-up care for people with schizophrenic disorders are provided. A major benefit would be the establishment of other centers, care centers and therapeutic workshops offering services already mentioned, which would benefit not only for patients, their families, but also for the general public.
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Colostomy as a stigma in clients at their productive age and the role of a nurse in co-operation with these clients
GASNÁRKOVÁ, Dagmar
I chose ``Colostomy as a stigma in clients in their productive age and the task of the nurse in cooperation with these clients{\crqq} as the topic of my bachelor thesis for several reasons. On the one hand, I think that colostomy is talked about a lot all the time, but if really want to obtain any literature, very little is available. And a large number of colostomy patients call for more sources of information. And on the other hand, I find this topic close for personal reasons: there are colostomy patients in my own family and among my close friends. Whether they have colostomy after a tumorous disease during Crohn disease, they still suffer from very similar problems that lead to a certain stigmatization that they both consciously and unconsciously bring into their mind. This is why this topic occurred to me. It is necessary to survey what stigma is, colostomy patients{\crq} opinion of stigma and the way nurses view stigma. In my opinion, this is an unusual combination of two problems that are widely discussed, yet neither dealt with nor described in any way. At the present time, which is a time of mass media and stress, an individual person could hardly think that he or she does not know certain aspects of life that a certain percentage of the population meets with, and in many a case does not even know about this question. People think and believe that they are prepared for everything, that they are balanced and can deal with all problems. When, however, a problem touches their health, it is often an aspect that they do not even think about very much and consider it as a natural part of their everyday life, they start to be literally helpless and anxious, and this escalates depending on how large an interference in their health it is. If you say the term stomy, a lot of people hesitate and have no idea what it could be. It is of course no rule but we have to get aware of the thing that a large part of the population deal with this problem. It is therefore important to conduct education and to pay attention to the information of the broad population, while placing emphasis on understanding stomy patients{\crq} everyday troubles. The term stigma, as I have found out to my surprise, is a completely unknown notion. This is despite the fact that stigma and stigmatising factors may occur in a broader range of diseases than the stomy mentioned. The objective of the thesis is then to shed light on the terms of stigma a colostomy. And to find out the most frequent stigmatising factors in this disease and to find a solution to this problem.
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The HIV/AIDS problem in Zambia
LUBASI, Sundano Kutoma
ABSTRACT THE HIV/AIDS PROBLEM IN ZAMBIA HIV/AIDS is a global health problem, however it is much more of a bigger problem for third world and developing countries, including Zambia which currently has an HIV/AIDS prevalence rate of 14.3%. From the mid 1980s when the first case of HIV/AIDS was discovered, there has been a rapid increase in the number of reported cases of HIV/AIDS over the years. In Zambia, the issue of mother to child transmission of the HIV virus is still a matter of great concern, there is still quite a number of children that are being born from HIV positive mothers. The death rate due to AIDS and HIV/ AIDS related infections especially among the young people is also worrying. This has consequently led to a reduction in the number of the country's productive age group, which in turn has contributed to the weakening of productivity and economic development. The main aim of my thesis was monitoring the problem of HIV/AIDS in Zambia, other accompanying aims were to find out what measures have been put in place to ensure that the citizens are well informed about HIV/AIDS, to analyze the preventive measures that have been implemented and how effective they have been, and finally, to find out the trend in the HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the period 1999 ? 2009. I used qualitative type of research, in which I used secondary analysis of data from various sources of information like books, various publications and reports from a wide range of organizations both governmental and non - governmental organizations that have done various kinds of research on the topic of HIV/ AIDS in Zambia. I also used information from health surveillance findings that were carried out in the recent years. According to the results of my research, the various preventive programmes that have been implemented to ensure a reduction in the spread of HIV/AIDS have been effective. Notable among the preventive programmes is the establishment health services aimed at preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS from mother to child , free provision of antiretroviral therapy, the increase in the number of voluntary counseling and testing centers, free distribution of condoms, screening of blood and blood products before transfusion as well as massive health education campaigns. These preventive measures have been effective as can be seen from the reduction in the HIV/AIDS prevalence rates from the previous 16% according to the 2001- 2002 demographic and health survey to the current 14.3% according to the 2007 health survey. This work can be used as a source of reference for future research in relation to the problem of HIV/AIDS in Zambia.
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Public Opinion on Methods of Treatment Used at Psychiatric Wards
FILLEROVÁ, Markéta
The thesis deals with up-to-date subject of medical treatment of mental disorders. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part involves explanation of terms such as mental health, mental disorder and also includes classification of mental disorders. There are chapters devoted to mental illness as a social problem, to stigmatization and to the legal issue of people affected with mental illness in the thesis. History of psychiatric treatment and its development are briefly mentioned here and also some important methods used to treat the mentally ill at present. The empirical part is devoted to a quantitative research by means of a questionnaire inquiry. The main objective of the survey was to find out, what is the public opinion on methods of medical treatment applied at psychiatric wards. In this part the obtained data are analyzed and the hypotheses are checked. Evaluation of most of the questions is demonstrated graphically. The conclusion of the thesis involves my opinion on this issue and summary of the research results.
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Child with specific learning disabilities in the family.
HUBKOVÁ, Iva
The bachelor thesis monitors the family contexts of specific learning disabilities (SLD). The theoretical part of the thesis describes the issue of SLD: kinds, symptoms and their effect on child{\crq}s development and socialization. Attention is also paid to the family and its function and its role in the context of the issue of SLD. Parental support and help are very time-consuming and very psychologically demanding and the whole family must cope with the situation. Both children and their parents need help and support in some periods. To know the answer to the following question is necessary for an adequate assistance provision: Which troubles do children and parents perceive as the most encumbering ones? My research should have given the answer to the question. The qualitative investigation in the design of entrenched theory was used for my research, which was done via semi-structured interviews. Those talks were held in six families and in each family were interviewed just one parent-in-charge and one adolescent. The depth of received information, revealed details and respondents{\crq} stories helped me understand the scope of the problem and guess the most encumbering topics. The interviews provided crucial information about lives of children affected by learning disabilities and their families; they also disclosed the fact that there are still prejudices and negative attitudes against children with learning disabilities in our society. The prejudices stem from the lack of information; they predetermine attitudes of schoolmates and teachers and they can also affect attitudes of families. The research results also disclosed the fact that it is necessary to extend the scale of help offered to children and also to parents. The results could provide information for some improvements in work with children under consultancy care and with their families. Furthermore, the results could be a source of information for families with children with SLD as well as for the general public.
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Autism as a brand and nurse's apart in collaboration with family.
KOTKOVÁ, Michaela
Autism spectrum disorders, as some of psychiatric disorders, which also include childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperegs´syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett syndrome, are considered to be significant anomalies in children´s development, which are characterized by problems in communication, social interaction and behavior. These are the typical symptoms creating barriers between children and their families, medical personnel, or environment. Despite all efforts to improve the care for children with autism spectrum disorders, the situation is generally unsatisfying. Counseling services are not available in all regions and specialized preschool and school facilities are missing in a lot of places. Also, specialists´ awareness is often insufficient and even in health care facilities unfamiliarity with the issue of children with autism spectrum disorders may be seen. On the part of the public a negative reaction, misunderstanding and prejudice against these children and their families are still being expressed, making autism spectrum disorders stigmatizing. A nurse as a professional provides the care through the nursing process, in which her role consists not only in provision of the direct nursing care, but she also takes on the role of the child´s rights advocate and a mediator for information exchange between the child, the parent, the doctor and herself. In the care of children with autistic spectrum disorders, a nurse provides not only nursing care, but also educational care with the aim to support the child's development. In order to succeed in her efforts, the nurse needs a large portion of empathy, patience and communication skills and all the support and cooperation on the part of the child's parents. The above conclusions are related to objectives of the research carried out using in-depth interviews, during which we wanted to determine if this disease is stigmatizing for families caring for a child with autism and also the way a nurse participates in cooperation with the family. The third objective was to define the specifics of nursing care for children with autism spectrum disorders, from which standards of nursing care for these children were established. Based on the objectives and the study of available resources, four research questions were stated. First: Is the disease stigmatizing for families caring for a child with autism? Second: What is the impact of autism on families caring for a child with this disease? Third: What is the way a nurse participates in cooperation with families caring for a child with autism? And fourth: What are the specifics of nursing care for a child with autism? All the objectives were met. We hope that this thesis will provide nurses with so much information on the issue of nursing care for children with autism spectrum disorders, so that nurses could provide quality care based on the child's needs, and the cooperation with the family could become beneficial and joyful.
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Cleft As a Stigma
GAJEROVÁ, Eva
The thesis deals with the impact of orofacial cleft (cleft lip and palate) on family psychosomatics within the psycho-social-ethical framework. It summarises the history, classification and treatment of cleft disorders, followed by an analysis of real-life problems occuring in the process of taking care of a baby with orofacial cleft, specifies terms frequently used when discussing orofacial cleft as a stigma: stigma and stigmatisation, norm and normality, beauty and ugliness.The phenomena of fear and pain, difficulty in communication with the child{\crq}s and the parents{\crq} immediate social surroundings and, the barriers between experts and the parents are dealt with in the thesis. The thesis focuses on orofacial cleft anomalies in connection with Christian ethics. It analyses the relation of abortion and orofacial disorders and the role of hope in the process of taking care and upbringing of a child suffering from this disorder.
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