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A Chinese patient in the Czech health care service
SCHOLZ, Pavel
The name of this thesis is: "A Chinese patient in the Czech health care service". China with approximately 1.3 million inhabitants belongs to the largest countries in the world. Migration and tourism of inhabitants of the Folk Republic of China and Republic of China towards the Central European region, is higher year by year. Simultaneously, with increasing accumulation of the Chinese minority group members in the Czech Republic, even the number of provided health care for this minority group of inhabitants is rising. Different conception of health and disease markedly affects the approach and understanding of the patient/client from another culture both from professional point of view and from the view of patient/client. Medical personnel should be aware of main differences in behaviour of the members of minority group and their population, and not only in connection with provided health care. This research work is worked out by means of qualitative research methods. Working out of nursing care peculiarities which the members of Chinese minority want to respect was the research goal of this thesis. Collection of data was carried out by means of a half-structured interview in members of the Chinese minority group in the Czech Republic. The content of questions of the half-structured interview is based notably on conceptual, nursing models developed by Gordonová, M., Leiningerová, M., and a model developed by Gigerová, J. {--} Davidhizerová, R. The five research questions were specified for the goal accomplishment. The results of research were treated by means of casuistics and a slightly modified approach of general analysis by Ritchie and Spencer. Established nursing care peculiarities in the area of blood taking, and information of physician´s diagnosis, especially towards the family, and apprehension of medicament addiction, and even the pain and answer to it belong to leading results. Description of how the members of Chinese minority group understand the Czech nursing and a nurse as a provider of professional nursing care also belongs to other results. The hypotheses decided on further research use were suggested on the basis of results of this thesis. This thesis and its results are determined to the professional health care purposes and for direct provision of nursing care in health service facilities in the Czech Republic. One of the outcomes of this thesis is also a propsal of the nursing care standard in members of Chinese minority group living in the Czech Republic, and, hereafter, an information summary book for nurses concerning trans-cultural specificity of the Chinese patient/client in the Czech health services.
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What is allowable and what is prohibeted during a treatment of islamists
NORKOVÁ, Jiřina
In my thesis I deal with the issue: What is allowed and what is forbidden in nursing an Islamic believer. I have chosen this topic because it is a very interesting and topical issue. In the Czech Republic area great changes in terms of the population composition have occurred recently. The number of foreigners of various cultural backgrounds, religions and custom practice has increased and thus the need of multicultural nursing has risen. Therefore it is necessary to find out if we are ready to care for patients who are Islamic believers. The number of Islamic believers in our country is growing constantly and they are not only tourists and foreigners but also Czech converts. Due to the extensive and comprehensive character of the issue the theoretical section of the thesis was divided into three parts. The introduction is focused on basic information on multicultural nursing. The transcultural model of nursing by Gigerova and Davidhizarova was used both for a special part of the theory and in the research part for developing the processual standard. The second part in focused on general information on Islam, i.e. on the history of the origination of the religion, its history in our country and on the principles of Islam. The special and most substantial part is dedicated to nursing specifics in the care for these patients, such as food, hygiene, family life, the issue of life saving interventions and the issue of death. On the basis of the model mentioned above nursing evaluation was carried out. In the practical section four objectives were stated: to learn nurses´ knowledge of the issue, to examine the conditions in hospitals in terms of nursing care for Islam believers, to find out if the attitude of the medical staff is influenced by prejudice against Islamic believers and to establish nursing standards in the care for Islam believers. The objectives were stated under assumption that nurses in the South Moravian region are better informed than nurses in the South Bohemian region and conditions in South Moravian hospitals are better adapted to the needs of nursing care for Islamic believers. The other assumption were that nurses´ attitude to care for Islamic believers is influenced by prejudice and also that the nursing standard development is considered to be benefiting for providing these patients with a complex nursing care. The research was conducted in the South Bohemian and South Moravian regions by using questionnaires handed out to nurses. I can say that the objectives were achieved, the first three hypotheses were not confirmed and the fourth, relating to the benefit of the nursing standard, was confirmed.
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Risk management of nursing care
HANZLOVÁ, Eliška
The aim of our work was to map the process of identification, evaluation, and implementation of activities directed at prevention or management of nursing safety risks in organizations providing urgent ward care in the Czech Republic from the point of view of top management of nursing. Our work traced a quantitative research. For collecting data we used a non-standard questionnaire made up only for the purposes of this work. The questionnaire was distributed by the top representative of nursing management (ward sister/deputy in charge of nursing care) of the above specified health centres. The research was carried out in the period February - April 2008 and for assessment of the results obtained we used 110 questionnaires. For the purposes of our work we determined six hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 saying that hospitals create conditions for the development of safe organizational culture proved true. For the future it is essential to discuss this topic more profoundly, as well as to get rid of the fear of punishment for acknowledging a mistake and accept the fact that we all make mistakes, therefore we must minimalize their frequency and consequences and above all learn from them. Hypothesis 2 stating that hospitals watch risk factors for occurence of emergencies proved true, too. As a negative finding we can consider proving hypothesis 3 saying that hospitals do not reveal particulat risks of nursing care until the elimination of their consequences. Uncovering insufficient use of proactive strategy led us to a more detailed description of a FMEA method. Hypothesis 4 saying that hospitals have created a procedure for occurence of emergency and hypothesis 5 - nursing personnel is obligated to observe and report at minimum three kinds of emergencies related to nursing care proved true, too. The last hypothesis 6 presenting the fact that hospitals do not make their patients/clients involved in prevention of mistakes of medical workers was also confirmed by the results, but it was pleasant to find out that 43,3% of respondents stated that this possibility is being used at their place. We suggest to include the prevention of mistakes in the nursing process whether by means of particular nursing diagnoses or global education of patients/clients. As a suggestion of a feasible content of education we translated and adapted a document SPEAK UP into Czech named 7P.
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The nursing care quality from the point of view of stoma patients
VLČKOVÁ, Veronika
Person with stoma is any handicapped human with temporarily or permanently drawn hollow organ out onto body surface. The most common it concerns colon, small intestine or urinal system. Uncontrollable emptying of faecal matter or urine happens by innatural way with necessary use of stoma appliances. In stomas sphere the most important factor is informedness not only of the patient himself but of nurses as well. Sufficient education of a patient and ability of a nurse to treat stoma is the base of good nursing care. The aim of the thesis was to find out to what degree the stoma patients are informed on ways of stoma treatment and how they are satisfied with the quality of given nursing care. The work is divided on contemporary state and methodological procedures. Contemporary state includes especially pre-operation, post-operation, home and out-patient care, clients´ education, importance of stoma nurse and association of stoma patients, kinds of stoma appliances, specifics of stoma patients´ nutrition, social problems of stomas etc. For the research part six hypotheses were established. They concerned the quality of nursing care, problems of stomas treating, cooperation with nurse and club of stoma patients. It was found out that 81% addressed people are satisfied with the quality of given nursing care, 98% are familiar with problems of stomas treating, 99% were able after six months after setting of stoma to take care of stoma themselves,72% are members of the club and 90% cooperate with a stoma nurse. On the base of the research all hypotheses were confirmed and the aim of the thesis was fulfilled.In the thesis a method of quantitative research was chosen. The research proceeded in Hospital České Budějovice, Inc. in clubs of stoma patients in Tábor and Příbram. The technique of data collecting was anonymous questionnaire established for clients with a stoma. 100 respondents were addressed. The research proceeded on the base of personal contact and cooperation with stoma patients, therefore the return of questionnaires was 100%. Two questionnaires were from the reason of incompleteness taken out. The results are given in percentages and diagrammatized.
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Patients´ contentment as an indicator quality of nursing care
PERLÍKOVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with patients´ satisfaction as an indicator of nursing care quality. Theoretical part is divided into five chapters and is focused on theoretical bases of nursing, quality of care, patients´ satisfaction, characteristics of investigated work place and patients´ laws. In the research part I deal with patients´ satisfaction with nursing care at internal wards in Hospital České Budějovice, Inc. A quantitative investigation was proved, for data collecting a method of questioning, technique of questioning was used. Research sample was created by 160 hospitalized patients. By means of investigation were proved following working hypotheses. H 1: addressed patients are satisfied with complex nursing care, H 2: addressed patients are satisfied with nursing staff, H 3: addressed patients valuate medical care positively, H 4: addressed patients valuate hospital stay positively. On the base of questionnaires we can say that all working hypotheses were confirmed. The aim of the thesis - to find out patients´ satisfaction with nursing care at internal wards in Hospital České Budějovice, Inc. was fulfilled. It is important to follow patients´ experience with nursing care and at the same time to be interested in their satisfaction as it is irretrievable source of information stating the nursing care quality from the view of patients {--} users of the care. We think that information from this thesis can be used by all medical workers and other staff participating in medical care and satisfying patients´ needs. The thesis can be also used by broad public. It can be also used as a teaching material for students who want concern this topic. As contemporary medical trend is mainly satisfied patient, more attention should be devoted to patients´ satisfaction.
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Expectations of mothers hospitalized at childbed ward, in newborn-care area
KÁLALOVÁ, Andrea
Bachelor{\crq}s thesis entitled ``Expectations of mothers hospitalized in the maternity ward in the field of newborn care{\crqq} has a research nature. The work is divided into two parts {--} a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part has seven main chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the psychomotor development of the newborn. The second chapter is devoted to newborn care in the labour ward. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to nursing care in the newborn ward and to the needs of a newborn. The fifth and sixth chapters are devoted to breastfeeding and formula milk. The last chapter is devoted to discharge and care at home. The practical part is devoted to research. The aim of the work was to map out expectations of mothers hospitalized in the maternity ward in the field of newborn care and to find out the level of satisfaction with the nursing care of the newborn among mothers after childbirth. In order to prove or reject the hypotheses, I used a questionnaire with 16 questions. 115 questionnaires were handed out, 105 were returned. The rate of return was 91%. The results were translated in to graphs. The sample for the questionnaire research consisted of mothers on the third day after childbirth hospitalized under the rooming-in system; there were 100 mothers in the end sample. In the first hypothesis I presumed that mothers expect to gain basic information {--}especially practical - on providing basic needs in the care of the newborn. On the basis of processing the data obtained it was found that mothers prefer individual theoretical discussions with practical examples. The first hypothesis was therefore rejected. In the second hypothesis I presumed that mothers are satisfied with the provided nursing care of the newborn. The second hypothesis was proven; mothers are satisfied with nursing care provided. I would like to inform the nurses in the newborn ward about the results of my research.
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The use of the nursing model by V. Henderson in care of a child client
ZEUNEROVÁ, Jana
Contemporary nursing care of children is based on the holistic approach aimed at the satisfaction of needs. Nurses in the majority of health facilities use documentation developed by M. Gordon. The nursing model by Virginia Henderson, however, is actually much better suited to the identification and subsequent satisfaction of children's needs. This model belongs to the category of models of needs and of humanistic models. A child's needs are divided into 14 basic domains in this model. The present bachelor's thesis describes a study of the use of nursing documentation based on Henderson's nursing model at the Department of Babies, University Hospital in Plzeň. In Part 1, the quasi-experimental method {--} observation method was applied to data processing. The research group included in-patient children at the Department of Babies. Part 2 of the research was quantitative, based on answers to questions asked by means of a questionnaire. Here the research group included nurses working at the Department of Babies, University Hospital in Plzeň.
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Observing the Charter of rights of children patients in hospital
ROKOSOVÁ, Lenka
My thesis deals with protection of children´s rights in the hospital in Pelhrimov. It raises the issue of hospitalized children, their physical, emotional and social needs. The objective was to find out if the child-patient´s demands are met in the therapeutic process on the part of the small patients themselves as well as their parents. The theoretical part of my thesis gives basic information on the children´s ward in the hospital in Pelhrimov, discusses the aspects of the Charter and mentions the history of children´s rights. In the practical part of the thesis the following targets were set: to examine if persons accompanying children in hospital are given enough information on the Charter of Children´s Rights; if the Charter is posted up for public inspection at all the children wards in the hospital in Pelhrimov; if the rights are fulfilled.Five hypotheses were suggested: 1/ The persons accompanying child patients to hospital are made familiar with the Charter of Children´s Rights at admission to hospital. 2/ An entry is put into the medical record to document that the child´s accompanying person was acquainted with the Charter. 3/ The Charter is posted up for public inspection conspicuously. 4/ In the opinion of persons accompanying the child in hospital the Charter is being fulfilled in its full extent. 5/ In the opinion of nurses the Charter is being fulfilled in its full extent. The research was conducted by the quantitative method of a questionnaire.The hypotheses were confirmed. The objectives were achieved. The management of the hospital in Pelhrimov will be provided with these results to benefit from them at the accredit proceedings.
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Nursing care as provided to ante finem patients
JANSOVÁ, Markéta
The subject of death and dying is still considered a taboo in our society. It is awkward and anachronistic since our times require people full of life and vigor. The terminally ill are often snubbed by the society. Though being well aware of the unfavorable prognosis, many a doctor tries to treat the patients to the very last moment, and he or she perceives the death as a personal defeat. In 1967 Cicely Saunders, an English doctor familiar with the dismal conditions of dying in the then society, founded in London the St. Christopher's Hospice, the first modern facility of this kind. The philosophy of this effort has been perpetuated in the Hospice of the Agnes of Bohemia established in 1995 as the first hospice in the Czech Republic. The Bachelor Paper aimed to assess the possibilities of providing the ante finem care by health-care personnel at a hospital and a hospice. The Paper investigated these hypotheses: H1 - Health-care workers provide the ante finem patients with health care in conformity to the standards applicable to both types of the facilities; H2 - Approach of the personnel to the care is dependent on their emotional stability; H3 - Health-care personnel in hospitals are not aware that the art of accompanying is a part of the nursing process. The surveyed sample was compiled of nurses on the staff of the Internal Medicine Ward and the Post-Treatment Ward of hospitals in České Budějovice, Jihlava and Třebíč and the hospices in Prachatice, Červený Kostelec and Brno. The data were gathered through a questionnaire. Altogether 170 questionnaires were distributed and 136 out of them were processed in the final assessment. As follows from the assessment results, the care provided to the terminally ill patients in hospitals is affected primarily by time pressures and by the fact that the nursing staff are not fully aware of the possibilities that palliative care offers, while in hospices the conditions available for the palliative care have a quality basis. Results of the Paper will be given to one of the hospitals and two hospices specified above, where they can inspire some new ideas about possible improvement in providing the palliative care.
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Care for the oral cavity in a hospitalized patient
CINCIALOVÁ, Kateřina
The term oral hygiene includes a set of measures to prevent the origination of parodont and hard tissues and their progression. These ailments belong to the most common and frequent ones despite the fact they may be prevented by appropriate care and by the proper choice of oral hygiene aids. The most frequent problems are dental decay, dental plaque, gum disease. For each of us, good oral hygiene practicing daily is essential for preventing troubles mentioned above. During hospitalization patients often alter their habits and modes because of the disease and the stay out of home. In patients who are not self-administering and patients with limited capabilities it is the nurse who is in charge of providing the oral hygiene. Each nurse´s priority should be to meet all the patient´s needs and the proper oral hygiene is one the basic ones. I set four aims in my thesis. The first was to find out patients´view of the oral hygiene level at hospitalization. The second aim was to describe the standards of oral hygiene the particular ward offers the patients. The third aim was to compare opinions of self-administering and non self-administering patients. The fourth aim was to compare the role of a nurse in providing oral hygiene for self-administering and non self-administerin patients. The results of my research confirm the first hypothesis {--} hospitalization brings about changes in oral hygiene. Also the second hypothesis proved to be right {--} during hospitalization oral hygiene worsens in patients because they do not have enough possibilities to carry out all the procedures they are used to. The third hypothesis was confirmed, too. Nurses are familiar with oral hygiene aids and know how to use them. The fourth hypothesis that nurses do not ask patients to tell them what their oral hygiene habits are was true. I conducted the research by the questionnaire method and the method of a stuctured interview. The research samples were nurses and patients in following units - neurological, internal, surgical and orthopaedic - in the České Budějovice hospital, Inc. and in the Tábor hospital. Inc. The results of this research could be used as a feedback for hospital management to help improve patients´oral hygiene. It is necessary to take some measures in this respect. Nurses should be more active in getting information about patients´ oral hygiene aids and their hygienic habits. They should ensure the highest patients´comfort possible. Then their efforts will be rewarding.
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