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Physical therapy facilities in Down syndrome
ŠULOVÁ, Eva
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of influencing locomotor skills of children with Down syndrome by physiotherapy. In the theoretical part two key phenomena involved in the postural behavior of these persons are mentioned, which are low muscle tone (hypotonia) and laxicita ligament, caused by the presence of abnormal collagen type VI. These two genetically conditioned phenomena, according to the cited literature, are associated with impaired muscle cocontraction, with inadequate equilibrium reactions and faulty proprioceptive feedback for posture and locomotion. The research group consisted of three children of preschool and younger school age diagnosed with Down syndrome. Using the qualitative research method, information obtained from medical history and kinesiologic examination were recorded. In all 3 patients, poor posture was described, deficit of postural stability in upright standing, dynamic balance and deep and superficial sensation deficits were found. Therefore the therapy included elements of exercise in developmental series, sensomotoric exercises and equilibrium reactions training, exercises on a ball, working with physical schema, proprioceptive and exteroceptive stimulations, exercises to promote psychomotor development (exercise to music, according to pictures of animals), functional taping and breathing exercises. After completion of three-month individual therapy, postural stability in upright posture (in 1 patient), dynamic balance (in 3 patients), the quality of step cycle (in 2 patients) and the quality of posture (in 3 patients) were affected. In all the children the postural finding was affected by the change of the function of lower blade fixators. The therapy was limited by a lower level of cooperation caused by the mental handicap of children with DS. In this study, the positive effect of physiotherapy in the mentioned qualities on postural and locomotion skills in children with Down syndrome has been proved.
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Specific aspects of nursing care of child with Down syndrome
BUBALOVÁ, Petra
Down syndrome also known as trisomy 21, is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is named after John Langdon onceive about how many children born with congenital defects? The surprising factor is that for every 700 to 1000 live births is born one child with Down syndrome. In The Czech Republik were born for last years about 70 children for every year. It means one child with Down syndrom for 1500 live birth.with Down syndrome comes other differences for the care. Parents of these children have to understand the delayed development with less independent child but with the increase care. The text is developed in two parts . In the theoretical part I have been looking though the problem of Down syndrome, the history and other forms of Down syndrome as well as prenatal and postnatal diagnosis other associated diseases and the mental retardation. The second problem is the medical care of these children, the communication and timely care. The theoretical basis were taken from the implementation of my research. The empirical part of my undergraduate work has been focused on a special care of these children with Down syndrome as well as on the parents of hospitalized children and their most common problems. Other part of the research I have been looked closer to the problem of families life of these children. The obtained data I was used for qualitative research methods. The qualitative investigation has been made by semi-structured interview led with children´s mother and with medical nurses too. From the result of this research showen us in which section of Down syndrome have not any specificas for this special care. The different care for child with Down syndrom comes from comorbidities, which children often suffered but not inevitably suffer. Mental retardation is considered as a single disabiliti of these disabled children. We see very often the musle tone in this syndrome. The main problems of children´s parents were insufficiant education also from the side of the medical stuff. The essential problem mothers perceived the behavior from the medical stuff. In the end is very necessary for medical personal to know the basic special specific medical care for children with Down syndrome. The demonstration of the problem can be use as the education material not only for nurses but also for parents of these affected children as well as for public. We created the leaflet for this purpose.
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Communication with the Children with Down Syndrome Using Sign Language
BERÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
Signing language as a form of alternative and augmentative communication is firstly used for communication of deaf people who are not enough developed by verbal component of speech or for those where there is no verbal komponent of speech at all. In simplified form of sign language it also helps children with Down syndrome to express themselves. For this target group the signing is supporting method which helps to developt the speech which is delayed because of the mental disability. In communication with children with Down syndrome is verbal speech accompanied by signs which help child to understand the meaning and give him the opportunity to express oneself. The aim of the thesis was a comparasion by studying Czech and foreign professional publications by two different views on the use of sign language in communication with children with Down syndrome and this views illustrate by case studies. The thesis includes definition and characteristics of Down syndrome, speech development of children with this diagnosis, characteristics alternative and augmentative communication and its individual systems and also benefits and potential risks of signing. The next section of thesis illustrate the knowledge from previous chapters by case studies. There were selected two women as mothers of children with Down syndrome. They were chosen on the different experience with signing. It was appeared while signing there is necessary to support mother by whole family and to involve the family into the process of signing. Next there appears that knowledge from professional literature can?t be apllied to whole target group, i.e. children with Down syndrome. The thesis also shows how few professional publications apply the potentional risks of signing. The thesis can be used as an information for those parents who decide to communicate with their child by using methods of signing.
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Care for Individuals with Down Syndrome in the Central Bohemia Region
POVOLNÁ, Petra
Abstract Care for Individuals with Down Syndrome in the Central Bohemia Region This Diploma Thesis deals with the comparison of the used methods and the results in caring for children and adults diagnosed with Down syndrome in home environment and institutional conditions. A qualitative research was realized using the method of case studies in order to answer the research questions. Data collection was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews and data analysis. The research in families showed that an acceptance of a child with Down syndrome was influenced by several factors. The families were given professional support in many ways and the children were being educated. None of the adults with Down syndrome in the research sample was working in the open labour market, however, they all conducted meaningful activities adequate to their age. In most cases, the parents did not encourage their grown-up children with Down syndrome to become independent. The results of the second part of the research map the situation in institutional facilities. In the past individuals with Down syndrome used to be freed from compulsory school attendance in childhood, whereas at present, children with Down syndrome are being educated in these institutions. Various therapeutic activities are offered for adults, often merely as a means of passing leisure time, rather than as a form of activity appropriate for adults. Persons with Down syndrome do not have many opportunities for the integration into the majority society. For persons with Down syndrome, who are living in an institution, a contact with their family is very important and motivating. The study can be beneficial for parents of a child with Down syndrome. Furthermore it offers suggestions how to improve the support for the families, where a child with Down syndrome is raised, as well as suggestions for improving the quality of the institutional care.
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Integration of children with Down syndrome in the educational process
SLABOVÁ, Zdeňka
This work is concerned with integration problem of children with Down syndrome to basic education. Here is described whole process of integrated education. The text is divided into four chapters. They are focused on Down syndrome, its symptoms and the overall development. Further is here described integration process, system of taking care of children with DS and the types of primary schools. First attachment contains detailed cases of three girls with Down syndrome. Other attachments propose IVP form, content of SPC work and tables for comparing movement development and self-service abilities of children with DS.
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Child with Down Syndrome
VEISOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor essay is titled: ?A child with Down syndrome?. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part is treating of the problem of Down syndrome, their characteristics, types of disability, physical appearance and unique characteristics of children with Down syndrome. Attention is intented on problems of education and integration of handicapped children. The empirical part presents the results of qualitative studies. The used method is interview and observation. This is a example of two children with Down syndrome integrated into normal primary school. Interviews were attendanced with children involved in education process. Next finding were a life these children, what is their integration in primary school, how important it is to give them the space for a self expression and self realization. For a successful essay were used a diagnosis, the role of medical professionals, the role of the family in problem of reconcilation with the actual diagnosis and the relationship of mother to child. Very important was the theme of integration into primary school, integration into the schoolfellows and how can these children to learn. The experience from this work is possible to use as a source of information for a next study to similar problems.
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The occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in the Czech Republic
LANDOVÁ, Ivana
The objektive of this bachelor's thesis was to describe the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in the Czech Republic and to verify whether the literary data agree with the current occurrence rates. This thesis consist of 2 parts: The theoretical part of the thesis describe phenotypic symptoms and signs of chromosomal aberrations, their origin, causes and occurence rates in the population as reported in the literature. In the practical part, I tried to verify these occurrence rates of the aberrations based on results of investigations (both prenatal and postnatal) provided by the following laboratories: Genetika Plzeň s.r.o., Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Karlovy Vary, and Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital, Pzeň. I have also used data obtained from the Czech Institute of Medical Information and Statistics (ÚZIS) as well as data found in various Internet sites. The purpose of this research was to provide graphics demonstrating the results, unify various types of results and try to find possible interrelations. It is obvious from the results that there has been a shift in the age group of maximum fertility from ages 20 ? 24 in 1995 to 30 ? 34 years in 2008. The mean age of mothers whose foetuses were diagnosed with Down syndrome in individual years ranged in the interval from 27 to 37.5 years. There were no differences in the representation of Down syndrome in individual years, and also the representations found in individual workplaces did not show any significant differences, ranging from 0.19 to 1.52%. The mean occurrence rate of Down syndrome as calculated from the results published by ÚZIS from the period 1994 ? 2007 was 1 for 1,700 live births. I succeeded in realizing all the targets of my work. Both prenatal and postnatal occurrence rates of aberrations in the workplaces of interest varied for individual years or showed only minor signs of increasing or decreasing rates. Monitoring of larger number of workplaces appears warranted to confirm my hypothesis.
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Nurse cooperation in care for child with Down syndrome
SOUKUPOVÁ, Jiřina
Abstract We most often see a family as a social group characterised by interaction within itself. A family is linked through numerous relations and it is also affected by a child. This applies to any other family even a family with a disabled child. In the world, there are about five million people who are affected by Down syndrome. It is the most widespread of all forms of mental retardation. In the Czech Republic, approximately seventy children with Down syndrome are born each year. In this paper, I worked on ``Collaboration of nurses caring of children with Down syndrome{\crqq}. The diploma paper was to give comprehensive information on specialized care of children with Down syndrome, including information on diseases and problems that might occur in the phylogenesis and life of such a child. The purpose of the paper is also proper understanding these issues, linkages with nursing care, therapeutic and diagnostic procedures as well as but finding the right approach to a family, education of families, and communication with parents. As a result, the paper should provide information about the collaboration of nurses and parents in influencing health and development of a child with Down syndrome. The objectives of the paper to map the problem of collaboration of nurses and parents raising a child with Down syndrome and to map the impact of nurses{\crq} collaboration with parents on complex care of children with Down syndrome have been met. Quantitative research was conducted using a questionnaire for nurses in surgeries of paediatricians and general practitioners for adolescents in the South Bohemian and Pilsen the Region. The hypothesis that nurses educate the parents of children with Down syndrome in the field of nursing care has been refuted on the basis of evaluated questionnaires. For qualitative research the following question was specified: ``What is the role of nurses in complex nursing care of children of children with Down syndrome.{\crqq} The answer was assessed based on interviews with parents bringing up a child with Down syndrome. The role of a nurse is one of a care provider, educator, adviser and protector. The findings of this diploma paper could serve as feedback for self-reflection of nurses in paediatric surgeries and to improve collaboration between parents and nurses in complex care of children Down syndrome.
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The quality of Life in Families with mentally handicaped children
IRROVÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with the quality of life in families with child which is handicapped by Down syndrome. It is compartmentalized in to two parts {--} the theoretical part and the practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is an explanation of terms like Down syndrome, family with a mentally handicapped child and the quality of life. In the part which is entitled Down syndrom are explained the aspects of this mental handicap. The family with mentally handicapped child is inspecked from the functional aspect. The quality of life is shown from the points of view of the history of this term, measuring and models of the quality of life and views of it. The practical part includes a qualitative research which was made with seven families with a child which is handicapped by Down syndrome. In the end of the practical part there are interpreted results and conclusions of this research.
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The Awareness of Down Syndrome between the Professional and the Population Residing in the Vicinity of Equipment Integrated Social Services Center Ratměřice
VYHNALOVÁ, Lenka
This work is dedicated to children, adolescents and adults and people with Down syndrome. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters. They are aimed at the general characteristics of Down syndrome and health context, so affected individuals. There are also outlined Down syndrome from a development phase, specifications of behavior and a final chapter on services that are provided to people with this syndrome. The practical part includes the processing, evaluation and subsequent comparison of data collected through questionnaires that were distributed evenly among the direct care of social services of the Integrated Center Ratměřice (experts) and the inhabitants living around the facility (laity).
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