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Ethical Problems and Dilemmas in the Work of Officials at the Social Departments of Municipalities
LUDÍNOVÁ, Ivanka Anna
As a subject-matter of my bachelor's thesis I chose "Ethic issues and dilemmas upon the public officers' work within Social Services and Welfare Departments at Local Authority Offices of Czech municipalities", because I had considered the theme to be more than actual since such topics appear within the public administration activities all the time and each officer is then forced to sort these dilemmas and issues out as a part of their everyday work. Solving such problems is quite demanding job not only for the officers themselves, but also within all areas of human life.The bachelor's thesis was divided into two parts. As for the theoretical chapter, I defined key terms and definitions concerning the field of ethics by which the decision-making process of each officer is affected significantly, and which were essential for the research pursuit. I also dealt with the ethical theories which influence the social work a lot, the ethic codes were included as well as their functions together with their utility for public officers. I addressed to particular ethic issues and dilemmas connected with the social work in the following chapters. As for the elaboration of the research chapter of this bachelor's thesis and the accomplishment of stipulated objectives, a quantitative observation ? questioning survey ? was used. The original aim of my bachelor's thesis had been to detect all needs of relevant officers in the city of Pilsen regarding their further education within the area of professional ethics, and to find out whether they have to resolve such ethic issues and dilemmas upon their deciding. Based on the specified objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. The research section described the initial goals of investigation, methodology and techniques, which I had chosen for gathering the required information, while I described the search sample and the execution of data acquisition, too. Furthermore, I focused on the data interpretation and last but not least the discussion on the interviewing results. The intention of my thesis was fulfilled: the first assumption could not have been confirmed at all while the second assumption had been fully proved to be true. This approach can be useful upon preparation of further education for public officers within the social sphere, especially in connection with their abilities to cope with ethic-related troubles and situations which the officers in question have to face every single day.
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Midwifery home visiting from the point of view of the public
DUŠKOVÁ, Marcela
Due to the Czech Republic's health care system, the need for medical care during pregnancy - even when it is progressing physiologically - has become deeply-rooted in the mind of the public. The theoretical part of this work deals with midwifery in relation to community care. The general theoretical section sums up the roles and competencies of midwives and the forms of their education, both qualifying and lifelong. The following section deals with actual procedures in the care provided by midwives during home visits, according to valid standards issued by CKPA (Czech Midwife Confederation). The questionnaire method, one of quantitative research methods, has been selected for the research part of the work. The questionnaire used consisted of 28 questions and has been processed during April 2009. The sample group was a large group of non-professionals with no limitations by age, gender or place of residence. A total of 150 respondents have been asked for cooperation, and 126 filled questionaries were returned to the researchers. The main goals of the work were determining the public opinion on home visiting by midwives and its necessity. Futhermore, determining the public knowledge of midwife competencies and awareness of the range of midwife services covered by health insurance. The following hypotheses have been examined by the researchers: Hypothesis 1: Expectant mothers prefer gynecologist's care to midwifery. This hypothesis has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2: Women are not interested in home visiting by midwife after the birth. This hypothesis has been refuted. Hypothesis 3: Most of all, women expect high-quality prenatal courses from a midwife. This hypothesis has been refuted as well. Hypothesis 4: Men do not consider home visiting by midwife as valuable for women. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. Hypothesis 5: Women with no access to medical care in their place of residence are in greater need of home visiting by midwife than women with such access. Because of the non-representative distribution of respondents in the sample group, this hypothesis has been neither confirmed nor refuted. Hypothesis 6: The public has no knowledge of the actual competencies of midwives. This hypothesis has been confirmed . Hypothesis 7: The public has no knowledge of the range of midwife care covered by health insurance. This hypothesis has been confirmed as well. This work is of informative nature. It sums up the opinions and knowledge of the public about midwifery. It also helps to outline the uncertainties of the public in this field. The work can be used for public education or as a starting point for future research.
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Possibilities of International Cooperation among Kindergartens
CHALOUPKOVÁ, Věra
The final Bachelor´s dissertation work deals with possibilities of international cooperation at nursery schools by means of international educational programmes and exemplifies factual cases. It is based on the present educational qualification for both children and teachers and necessity of more effective and more attractive learning and playing which can create good knowledge essentials for life, study and work in Europe Union. Dissertation includes interview which surveys the present knowledge, attitudes and experience of teachers in this field. It brings instructions for schools or individual teachers who would like to widen and enrich their activities abroad. It emphasizes possibilities of using modern infomation technologies for language-teaching and for exploring culture and traditions in other countries.
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Competencies of Professional Rescuer in Emergency Medical Service Rescue Squads
ŠUSTA, Jan
The topic of my bachelor degree work is ``Competences of a paramedic in an ambulance crew``. One of the objectives of the work was to discover opinions of doctors and paramedics regarding the competences of a paramedic in an ambulance crew. The other objective was to map out the situation in individual stations of emergency services in South Bohemia. In the theoretical portion of the work I focused on various aspects of the medical emergency services such as their origin, characteristics and activities. Further on I described the job of a paramedic as regards the education, activities and legal responsibilities related to this job. In the practical portion of the work I chose the method of quantitative research. To gather data I used a questionnaire and a knowledge test. The inquired group comprised doctors and paramedics working in ambulance stations of the South-Bohemian medical emergency service. With regards to the objective of the work I determined three hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumed that ``Most paramedics consider their competences insufficient because of their education``. The second hypothesis assumed that ``Most doctors consider paramedics´ competences sufficient. `` The third hypothesis said that ``Most paramedics have sufficient professional knowledge about the scope of their competences``. The research confirmed two of the hypotheses. The one mentioned as second was not confirmed. Even though paramedics´ competences have been very topical among specialist in this field lately, no legislative changes that would extend the current competences have been adopted yet.
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The aplication of transfusion in a nursing proces
VĚTROVCOVÁ, Hana
Blood transfusion treatment can safe life of many patients and yet it may cause justified anxiety. A qualified and educated nurse taking care within the treatment not only for biological needs but also the psycho-social ones may by means of the right manner of communication moderate this anxiety. When applying blood transfusion it is necessary to adhere to standard procedure, to presume possible complications, to prevent them and thus protect the client. In case the undesirable reaction occurs, it is necessary to commence timely the right treatment, to clarify the cause of the occurrence of the reaction and prevent its re-occurrence. Maintaining maximum safety the rightly indicated transfusion is the most effective treatment for the patient. One of the goals of the paper was to determine particulars of transfusion application in adults and in children in practice and to show possible risk factors that might complicate transfusion therapy. The other goal aimed at determining the recent years changes in the process of transfusion application. The third goal aimed at describing competences of nurses applying transfusion in practice. The quantitative data collection method by means of anonymous questionnaires was applied for the research. The questionnaires were distributed to nurses in South Bohemian hospitals, Nemocnice (hospital) České Budějovice a.s., Nemocnice (hospital) Písek a.s., Nemocnice Prachatice a.s. The nurses' responses were analyzed and compared with standards of the corresponding hospitals. Based on the research results it can be stated that H1: Application of transfusion in children and adults has its particulars. H2: In recent years no changes in transfusion application have been confirmed. H3: The nurses' competences in applying transfusion are sufficient. In connection with the research particular processes in application of transfusion were determined in children and adults, such as the procedure of the biological test, the amount of transfusion preparation and psychological preparation. At the same time some weak points in the nurses have been discovered. The paper may be used for the nurses as a comprehensive information material on transfusion therapy. Based on the results suggestions for nurses in hospitals have been formulated concerning seminars and lectures to deepen knowledge of nurses in order to increase quality of nursing care and thus protection of the client.
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The mutual relations between nurse and doctor in the current public health system
VÍZKOVÁ, Alena
Summary Relations between a nurse and a physician underwent many changes in the past. Nowadays, the relations have trended towards equal position of nurses and physicians in the health care system. It is just the equal position of the both professions in care for the client which is a prerequisite of good team cooperation and a guarantee of good-quality nursing as well as therapeutical care. The aim of our work was to find the prevailing forms of relations between nurses and physicians in the examined set of nurses and to determine whether or not nurses think they are equal partners of the physicians within the team cooperation. The quantitative method of research survey was used for the thesis elaboration. We used a questionnaire survey for the data collection. The research sample consisted of nurses working in the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague. The data were collected from April till June 2008. One hundred and fifty-two questionnaires were used for the results evaluation. We made 7 hypotheses for the research purposes. Hypothesis no. 1: Nurses with a longer than 10-year professional experience evaluate the relations with physicians more positively than nurses with a shorter professional experience. This hypothesis was disconfirmed on the basis of statistical analysis.Questioned nurses evaluated the relations with physicians most often as good {--} 56.5 %. Hypothesis no. 2: Nurses with higher education feel to be perceived as the physician{\crq}s partner in the care for patients more often than nurses with secondary education. This hypothesis was also disconfirmed on the basis of statistical analysis. Out of the questioned nurses, 60.5 % do not feel to be perceived by the physicians as their equal partners. Hypothesis no. 3: Nurses at the intensive care units are charged by the physicians with works that do not fall within their competence more often than nurses at standard departments. This hypothesis was confirmed. On the basis of our research, we have found that the questioned nurses at the intensive care units are charged with some highly specialized works that fall within the physicians{\crq} competence. Hypothesis no. 4: Conflict situations in the relation nurse {--} physician are alleged more often by nurses with professional experience un till 10 years as compared to nurses with longer professional experience. The statistical analysis did not confirm this hypothesis. Existence of conflict situations at the work site was stated by 54.7 % of al questioned nurses. Hypothesis no. 5: Nurses solve the conflict situations with physicians through their superiors. This hypothesis was confirmed. In case of a conflict with a physician, the questioned nurses most often contact the head nurse. Hypothesis no. 6: Nurses{\crq} relations with physicians influence their job satisfaction. This hypothesis was confirmed. Relations with physicians are important for job satisfaction of 96.7 % of the questioned nurses. Hypothesis no. 7: In their relation to nurses, physicians observe the rules of etiquette. This hypothesis was confirmed as well. Our proposal to improve the team cooperation between nurses and physicians is as follows. Time should be devoted to interpersonal relations already during the studies of both physicians and nurses; techniques developing cooperation of nurses and physicians should be integrated in their continuing education; measures to improve cooperation should be implemented on the management level of health care facilities; and other researches relating this topic should be executed.
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Authority Comparison of the School Teacher with the Leisure-time Educator
VAŇKOVÁ, Karolína
This work deals with authority issue in society, educational studies, with authority of teacher and authority of leisure-time educator. In its first part this work defines authority and describes phenomenons attached to it. Later this work desribes actual position of authority in society. Final this work defines phenomenons, which affects authority of the teacher and authority of leisure-time educator, with short comparison.
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Development of Communication Competencies by means of Games
ŠTÁDLEROVÁ, Jaroslava
The aim of this work is to map application of games suited for development in communications skills in group of kids, before school age.Theoretical part concentrate on the definicios of the terms related with the topic. Terms such as evolution of language, communication, games for kids before school age, communications skills and activiteis at nursery. Applied part of this work includes description of social circle with its own rules and research on difficulties when communications skills appliedat nurseries. Research has been done by questionnaire. In attachment list of commmunications games and also description of nursery class at sacral nursery. Also video record of the observation on progres of the communications skills obtained at the class within the social circle. This observation was done in October 2007, December and February 2008 is completing this work.
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Use of Nurses' Competencies in Preventive Care of a Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease
MATSCHEOVÁ, Linda
Ischemic heart disease belongs to the most frequent diseases in developed countries. I have chosen this topic not only because I am interested in this issue but also because I work at emergency ward of internal medicine and majority of patients there suffer from this disease. There are two parts in my thesis {--} the theoretical and the research part. The theoretical part deals with heart anatomy and physiology, with epidemiology and aetiology, with risk factors, with classification, clinical picture, diagnostics, with treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease. Further, the thesis survey educational process, roles, mission, function and competences of a nurse. The first objective of the thesis was to find out the awareness of nurses´ competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with ischemic heart disease. The second objective was to find out, whether nurses are able to apply their competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with ischemic heart disease. The third objective was to find out involvement of management (head nurses, departmental nurses, shift nurses) in the secondary preventive care in patients with ischemic heart disease. The fourth objective of the thesis was to find out whether nurses use their knowledge of secondary prevention in patients with ischemic heart disease. Four hypotheses were set for the above mentioned objectives. H1: Nurses are aware of their competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with IHD. H2: Nurses are able to apply their competences in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with IHD. H3: Shift nurses, motivated by head nurses, are more involved in the secondary prevention in patients with IHD. H4: Nurses use their knowledge in the area of secondary prevention in patients with IHD. A questionnaire was made up to achieve the objectives and to prove or to disprove the hypotheses of this research. The questionnaire contained 24 questions {--} closed and semi-closed. The research sample was formed from nurses from South Bohemian and central-Bohemian regions. 377 questionnaires were handed out. 242 questionnaires returned and 230 of them were applicable to the research. The first, second and fourth hypotheses were proved. Shift nurses are more involved in secondary prevention in patients with IHD, however, not on the basis of motivation by head nurses, thus, the fourth hypothesis was not proved. I also revealed that nurses do not have sufficient knowledge in the area of secondary preventive care in patients with IHD. On the grounds of these results we created mental maps on ischemic heart disease and its prevention. These maps might enhance nurses´ knowledge and improve the life of patients with ischemic heart disease.
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Issue Standards for Treatment of External Childrens Genital from Birth to 3 Years
KURUCOVÁ, Monika
Hygienic care is one of the most critical pillars of care for child´s health. Learning the right hygienic habits in childhood and keeping them throughout the lifetime is of vital importance for human health. Unfortunately, information about the hygiene of external genital of children is often inconsistent, both among the parents and healthcare workers. The thesis deals with the issue of treatment of external genital of children from birth to three years of age, while the main emphasis is put on education of mothers. The objective of the thesis was to determine, whether the nurses know their competences in treatment of the external genital in newborns, babies and toddlers and whether the nurses are able to apply the competences in full. The third objective of the thesis was to map the awareness of parents of how to treat external genital of children from birth to three years of age. Three hypotheses were established. The first hypothesis: Nurses know their competences in treatment of external genitals of newborns, babies and toddlers. The second hypothesis: Nurses, who know their competences in treatment of external genital of newborns, babies and toddlers, are unable to fully apply them. The third hypothesis: Parents of newborns, babies and toddlers do not have sufficient information about the proper hygienic treatment of external genital of their children. The quantitative research used two anonymous questionnaires, while one questionnaire was designed for nurses working with children from birth to 3 years of age. The other questionnaire was created and intended for mothers of children in the age category from birth to three years. The questionnaire research was performed on the territory of the South Bohemian region. The first hypothesis: ``Nurses know their competences in treatment of external genital of newborns, babies and toddlers.{\crq}q has been confirmed. The second hypothesis: ``Nurses, who know their competences in treatment of external genital of newborns, babies and toddlers in treatment of external genital of newborns, babies and toddlers, are unable to fully apply them.{\crq}q has been rebutted. The third hypothesis: ``Parents of newborns, babies and toddlers do not have sufficient information about the proper hygienic treatment of external genital of their children.{\crq}q has been confirmed. Based on those findings we have decided to develop an educational standard for nurses about the intimate hygiene of girls and boys from birth to three years of age and an educational material for treatment of external genital for parents of young children. We believe that the materials will improve the awareness of this issue and result in a better quality of care for children.
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