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Postnatální změny vybraných krevních parametrů
TRUHLÁŘOVÁ, Nela
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate changes in hematological parameters in the postnatal period of calves. The literature review describes blood composition, physical properties of blood, hematological parameters and cryptosporidia, which are occurs commonly found in calves. We included 18 calves of holstein cattle and czech calves in the experiments red-spotted cattle, which we divided into two groups according to age. Observation started at 20 days of calf age and ended at 300 days of calf age. The results show that that hematological parameters change in postnatal calves. Concentration erythrocytes increased from birth to 140 days of age, but then with increasing age of calves there was a gradual decrease in the concentration of erythrocytes (from 10,35 × 1012/L at 7,45 × 1012/L).The hematocrit value (from 0,34 l/l to 0,27 l/l), hemoglobin concentration (from 133 ? g/l to 106 ? g/l) and mean erythrocyte volume had similar dynamics, (from 35,57 ? 1,44 fl to 33,12 fl). The leukocyte count in group 2 was in the refer-ence range for adult cattle (8,68 ? to 12,96 ? G/l), but in group 1 (c. parvum, c. bo-vis) they exceeded the reference range, especially in the period between 160.-180. bot-tom (12,96 G/l). The most stable percentage was lymphocytes, which accounted for 59,55 to 78,26% of the total number. In contrast, neutrophilic granulocytes had a signifi-cant tendency to decrease (from 31,70% to 14,53%). Anyway thus, there was a gradual percentage decrease in monocytes (from 9,17% to 7,51%). Platelet counts fluctuated slightly, but the average proportion ranged between 631,83-652,21 G/l.
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Kryptosporidie a kryptosporidióza chovaných a zdivočelých nutrií
LIMPOUCHOVÁ, Zlata
Cryptosporidium spp., common parasite of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutria (Myocastor coypus). A total of 247 faecal samples of feral and farmed nutrias were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci.
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Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the human population
KUTSYNA, Valeriy
In 2018 - 2020, 1366 samples of serum from immunocompetent patients, including 860 sera from the Czech Republic and 506 sera from Ukraine, were collected and examined by an indirect ELISA test to detect specific IgG antibodies against Cryptosporidium in human population. Age, sex, and relevant data on previous cryptosporidial infections were obtained from each patient. Oocysts of C. parvum, 105 oocysts per well, were used as a corpuscular antigen. Blood serum samples and secondary antibodies were diluted 1:200 and 1: 20,000, respectively. The age range of patients varied from newborn infant to 89 years old. A total of 639 male and 709 female patients were examined. The resutts showed number of serologically positive patients increased with age. Moreover, females had higher seropositivity than males, regardless of nationality. Additionally, Czechs were more often positive than Ukrainians. The results showed less than 20 % of patients under 15 years of age were seropositive. In patients older than 15 years the seroprevalence ranged from 20 to 42 %, except the age group 41 - 50 years old, where seroprevalence was 50 %.
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Diverzita kryptosporidií u pěvců
LIMPOUCHOVÁ, Zlata
This study was aimed on research of biology and diversity of Cryptosporidium in perching birds (Passeriformes). Presence of Cryptosporidium oocyst and specific DNA in faecal samples was detected by microscopy and molecular methods using nested PCR. Biological properties and intensity of infection of Cryptosporidium were examined and described in both experimentally and naturally infected animals.
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Střevní paraziti savců introdukovaných na Svalbard
BROŽ, Marek
The aim of this thesis was the research of parasites of mammals introduced to Svalbard: sibling voles, horses and dogs. Faeces of this three species were used for examination of intestinal parasites. Samples were collected in central part of Svalbard and examined in Czech Republic by microscopic and molecular methods for detection of protists and helminths.
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Diverzita kryptosporidií volně žijících psovitých a medvědovitých šelem
KELLNEROVÁ, Klára
The study was focused on study of diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild canines and bears in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Romania. A total of 359 faecal samples were collected from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 83 grey wolves (Canis lupis), 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos) and 34 jackals (Canis aureus). Faecal samples were screened for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of small-subunit rRNA, actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein sequences revealed the presence of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni in red foxes, C. canis and C. ubiquitum in gray wolves and C. galli in a brown bear and a red fox. Subtyping of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri isolate by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene showed that isolates belonged to the XIId and IXa subtype family, respectively. Detection of host-non-specific cryptosporidia, except C. canic and C. ubiquitum, in wild canine and bears shows rather a food preference of screened carnivors than on an active infection.
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Losses of mitochondria and plastids in the evolution of eukaryotes
Trokšiar, David ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hadariová, Lucia (referee)
- 5 - Abstract: Mitochondria and plastids were acquired by endosymbiotic event, where prokaryotic organism was engulfed by ancestors of extant eukaryotes. There are more known endosymbiotic events in plastid evolution. In primary endosymbiosis cyanobacterium cell was engulfed by heterotrophic eukaryotic organism. In following secondary, tertiary and quaternary endosymbiotic events eukaryotic cell was engulfed by another eukaryote. Mitochondria originated by engulfment of α-proteobacteria. In the evolution of eukaryotes, reduction of mitochondria occurred in many lineages, making living under anaerobic conditions possible. The least reduced form is anaerobic mitochondria, which together with aerobic mitochondria and hydrogen producing mitochondria, possess genome. Hydrogenosomes and the most reduced form mitosomes, does not possess genome. Plastid reductions led to loss of photosynthetic ability. In last years, more examples of organisms that lost entirely their semi- autonomous organelle, are coming. Loss occur at two parasitic representatives of the Alveolata group, and one endobiotic oxymonad. Parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Hematodinium lost nonphotosyntetic plastid, whereas Monocercomoides lost its mitochondria. Semi-autonomous organelles were dispensable, because all representatives have access to...
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Presence of specific DNA and coproantigen of Cryptosporidium as an indicator of ongoing infection
TOMANOVÁ, Vendula
Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan unicellular epicellular parasite with worldwide distribution causing watery diarrhea in humans and animals. The life cycle is completed in one host, where Cryptosporidium parasitizing epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract and in birds can cause disease of respiratory or urogenital tract. Course of disease depends on condition of immune system. For immunodeficient individuals could be life threatening. One of problems especially in developing countries is early and correct diagnostic, particularly no effective treatment currently exist. The aim of this thesis was to compare efficiency of immunochromatographic tests in samples stored under different conditions. The comparison of sensitivity and specificity of these tests with molecular and microscopic techniques was also performed. Additionaly, suitability of immunochromatographic tests for detection of active infection during prepatent period was evaluated. The theoretic part includes general information about Cryptosporidium. Its taxonomy, cycle of evolution or transmission and course of disease. Using of immunochromatographic test is also mentioned. No differences in sensitivity of used immunochromatographic tests was observed in this thesis. The detection rate for most of tests was 200 oocyst per sample. The presence of coproantigen is depend upon presence of oocysts in a sample. False negative results of immunochromatographic assays was caused by i) low concentration of oocysts in a sample (sensitivity) or ii) antibodies in used test don´t react with antigen of Cryptosporidium spp. (specificity). Results of this thesis show that combination of immunochromatographic tests and other techniques is convenient. During prepatent period is not possible to detect specific DNA, antigen or oocysts of Cryptosporidium. The active infection could not be distinguish from passage of oocysts using of immunochromatographic assays even if PCR is also used.
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Card of Cryptosporidium infections by humans and animals
BLÁHOVEC, Ondřej
The representatives of the Cryptosporidium genus are one of the causes of gastrointestinal tract diseases in humans and animals. In animals the host may even be a respiratory apparatus. The disease is called cryptosproridiosis. In majority of cases this infection can bypass without any major problems, but in immunosuppressed individuals it can cause serious health problems. Cryptosporidium has a monoxenous development cycle, which basically means that the entire development takes place in a single host. Exogenous stage is represented by oocysts, which are in case of a gastrointestinal disease excreted in faeces. In case of a respiratory disease the oocysts make they way out via respiratory and nasal secretions. This leads to contamination of the environment or water. In general, it is expected that Cryptosporidium isolates, which are present in one class of vertebrates, are not infectious to a non-specific host from other classes. It is also expected that cryptosporidia have low host specificity. But this does not exclude that some kinds have gradually extended its specificity to more species. It is also apparent that cryptosporidium infections are common in animals that inhabit the external environment, so even a human can be endangered by this zoonosis, although the incidence in the Czech Republic is low. The reason for the low numbers may as well be that parasitological examination is not performed very often, so the estimated prevalence in the population is probably much higher. Therefore to reveal the originator of this disease it would be appropriate to perform a parasitological examination in persons who are in contact with animals, this way the cryptosporidium infection would be excluded or proven.
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Cryptosporidium Diversity of Selected Bat Species (Chiroptera)
HOŘICKÁ, Anna
Total 262 samples of different Chiropterans originating from 27 localities in the Czech Republic were collected. Occurrence and prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in bats were screened using staining method and molecular tools. While no Cryptosporidium oocyst was detected by microscopy, PCR analyses revealed presence of three positive specimens from three common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus). Zoonotic C. parvum was detected in one case and novel Cryptosporidium bat genotype III was found in other two samples.
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