|
|
The character of antropogenic soil contamination with lead.
NOVOTNÁ, Monika
The goal is both to summarize information obtained from the literature on the properties of lead and its geochemical position especially in forest soils and the specific contaminated site to assess the isotopic signatures as the likely origin of lead in soil study area. Compiled a literary review mainly concerns the influence, resources and effects of lead on the environment, the characteristics of the soil, their chemistry and their degradation. The experimental section describes the characteristics of the sampling sites, techniques of collecting and processing samples for analysis, the chemicals used and the analysis results. EDTA-extractable content (bioavailability) of lead in soil samples is the most accumulated in the humus (H) organic horizons, because they have the greatest sorption capacity. We found average levels of EDTA-extractable lead in forest soils assessed range from 8.5 to 28.6 mg.kg-1 DM with a mean of 17.6 mg.kg-1 DM only three of the eight sampling sites (Large niva, and East Hill Chlustov Radvanovické saddle spruce forest) exceed found containing 30 mg.kg -1 . Observed isotopic ratios in large floodplain locations (from the spruce forest east Lenora) and Radvanovické saddle (spruce forest and beech wood from south of Lenora) are similar to those already previously identified signature of lead in river sediments by Lenora.
|
|
|
Occurrence of mercury in the soil.
MACHOVÁ, Zdeňka
ABSRTACT Mercury occur in atmosphere, in water also in soil. Work deal with compile literary background research about occurrence mercury in soils and decontamination contaminated soils. Decontamination they may proceed by the help of electrokinetics method, pyrometallurgical processes, biochemical processes and by the help of plants. Work is supplemented about experimental partthat the was compile - time on experimental localities. Main experimental locality finds not far off municipality Velký Chuchelec on Českokrumlovsko. Two next locations find near municipality Břehov on Českobudejovicko and municipality Lužice not far off Netolice on Prachaticko. Locality near Velký Chuchelec is in a number of ways managed meadow. In locality Břehov was take away exhibits arable land and in locality Lusatia was exhibits take away from arable soil, meadowland and wood. Total content mercury in soil was given by the help of atomic absorbtion spectrometry(AAS). Record was compared among single parts locations Velký Chuchelec that the was variously managed. Was processed by the help of statistical methods ANOVA and for content general mercury was quantified correlation with lysimeter waters and with oxidable carbon and organic carbonr. Further was compared contents total mercury among localities mutually and among variants wood, arable land and meadow. Was ascertained that the on experimental locality near Velký Chuchelec was included at least total mercury on flat 1, plot managed skiving three times per annum and amended NPK fertilizers, average content do 0,0265 {$\mu$}g/g. On the contrary high value in those locality was on plot managed mulching in combination with skiving also on flat 1, average value was 0,1171 {$\mu$}g/g. In comparison of others localities was documentary downtrend near kind soil. Differences content mercury in soil among forest soil, meadow and arable soil was conclusive. Downward trend was in sequence: forest soil F+H > meadowland > forest soil A1+A2 > arable land, with next average values in mentioned sequence: 0,1896 {$\mu$}g/g > 0,0924 {$\mu$}g/g > 0,0517{$\mu$}g/g > 0,0401 {$\mu$}g/g.
|
|
|
The Mobility and bioavailability of thallium from natural and antropogenic origin.
MILLER, Zbyněk
The aims of this study were to precisely describe information about Tl behaviour in soils especially mobility and bioavailability and at given locality to provide analyses of fungi samples to prove found information. This research continues in early findings concerning Tl geochemical position at the locality of Kluky, Czech Republic where an anomaly in Tl concentration in soil is. From the results in can be concluded that Tl is at given locality distributed unevenly and the Tl concentration in almost all the fungi samples was below the detection limit of analytical method used (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) with the only exception of Macrolepiota procera, Russula claroflava Grove, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Lycoperdon perlatum. In these fungi samples the found bioconcentration factor, BCF (ratio of Tl concentration in fungi and soil) was relatively higher compared to other plant samples at the locality. Therefore the consumption of the fungi from studied locality can not be recommended.
|
|
| |
|
|
The scool observations and experiments with soil
NĚMCOVÁ, Daniela
The goal of this diploma work thesis was to form summary of school experiments and observing on the topic ?soil?, make experiments classification, rate for point of view time-consuming, difficulty and aid-consuming and recommendation for elementary or secondary school to create metodical help for teachers. Some experiments were tested on pupils at Gymnasium Dr. Aleše Hrdličky in Humpolec.
|
|
|
An experimental study of initial succession on different substrata: analysis of changes in plant species cover and some soil biological parameters and their relationships
KRESÁČ, Martin
A four year experimental study of initial stages of succession on different substrata (sand, peat and gray clay overburden from brown coal mining) was carried out. The substrata were transplanted into two different landscape types in the Czech Republic. Control plots were filled with autochthonous topsoil treated with high temperature vapor. Plots with un-treated autochthonous topsoil were also established. Plant species cover and several soil-biological parameters (soil microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, exchangeable pH(KCl), organic-C extractable by potassium sulfate solution, and nitrate-N content) were measured once a year. Obtained data were mainly processed by unimodal (plant cover data) and liner (soil-biological data) ordination methods. Biological species traits (life span, seed dispersal vector, seed bank type, ecological strategy type following Grime, life form following Raunkiaer) were used to characterize early stages of plant succession. Vegetation and measured soil-biological parameters, except pH(KCl), were significantly changing during four growing seasons. Variance partitioning analysis based on plant species cover data indicated the landscape type to be the main governing factor and physico-chemical characteristics of substrate to be less important during the studied initial stages of succession. The same analysis based on soil-biological parameters showed the reverse result. Great variability of plant species ecological traits was noticed during four growing seasons. The earliest plant colonizers were mainly ruderal, anemochorous terophytes with persistent seed bank. The number of species with C-strategy type increased during the study. The relationship between the average plant species cover and measured soil-biological parameters was also examined during the experimental study of early succession. Direct and indirect ordination revealed the average sum of plant species cover to be weakly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, nitrate-N, potassium sulfate extractable organic-C, metabolic quocient (qCO2) and negatively correlated to exchangeable pH(KCl). The relationship was significant only in the case of microbial biomass and potassium sulfate extractable organic-C. More detailed studies of the relationship between aboveground plant species biomass and soil microbial communities in initial stages of succession are required. Comparability of presented study is limited because not many experimental investigations of similar kind have been presented until now.
|
|
|
Effect of N eutrofication of wetland soils on organic N content and quality
ŠEDA, Martin
This study deals with an effect of fertilization on amount and quality of free amino acids in soil from wet meadows affected by nutrient loading. Free amino acids were analysed in the soil from the field experiment situated at wet meadows, where an increased nutrient input is simulated (fertilizer NPK). The experiment was established on two sites with different types of soil {--} Záblatí with organic soil and Hamr with mineral soil, both areas in the South Bohemia region. The soil was repeatedly sampled for more than two years and year. One part of this study is focused on testing of ninhydrine-method and HPLC-method for measuring free amino acids and efficiency of different extractants.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Analysis of the activity of Land Fund of the Czech Repulic
Ulrychová, Helena ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Kučerová, Jaroslava (referee)
I will aim in my Bachelor work at the activity of Land Fund of the Czech Republic which is the substantial factor in solution the problem of deprivation and disregarding of private ownership during the political system before the year 1989. I have chosen this theme because the working of Land Fund in contrast to other transformation institutions hasn't finished yet by far. In the first theory-methodical part I will introduce the basic matter at issue of the transformation of the national economy after the year 1989, mainly the changes on laws in force and the following process of privatization and restitution. I will focus the cause and conditions why Land Fund of the Czech Republic was established. In the analytical part I will map out the position of Land Fund within institutional framework and I will introduce the object of its working and the structure of property which has been operated. In the description of the principal function of Land Fund I will use the basic established law No 569/1991. In this part I will refer to leading areas of its engagement, especially administration of the real-estate property, its privatization sales to people without the restitutional claim and eventually the realization of agricultural and forestry restitution to authorized people. Finally I will analyse the Fund management system including the organizing structure and some other procedures of this organization. The intension of my work is to characterize the influence of Land Fund in the process of the transformation of real-estate property. In conclusion I'd like to think over the functionality of Land Fund and its importance for today and future.
|
guest ::
