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Alternativní pohledy na politiku centrálních bank v rámci Velké hospodářské krize v USA v roce 1929
Zajíčková, Jitka ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
Velká hospodářská krize, nebo-li Velká deprese, je jedním ze stále živých témat, ač se tato historická událost odehrála před více jak 70 lety. První ekonomiku, kterou postihla byla ekonomika Spojených států odkud se později prostřednictvím mezinárodního obchodu a provázanosti ekonomik dostala i do jiných zemí světa. Centrální bankovní systém, tedy Federální rezervní systém v tomto období hraje velmi významnou roli, na kterou přední ekonomové různých myšlenkových směrů reagují odlišně. V práci srovnávám náhled na průběh konce 20. let 20. století J.M. Keynese, Miltona Friedmana a Rakouské školy, kam se řadí jména jako Ludwig von Mises, F.A. Hayek či v Čechách Josef Šíma. Každý myšlenkový proud vychází ze svých základních teorií a ve výsledku je patrné, že na jednoznačném viníkovi se neshodnou.
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Direct Presidential Election, Competence of the President: Comparative Study 1.150
Kolář, Petr ; Pecháček, Štěpán ; Syllová, Jindřiška
The position and competence of the head of state plays decisive role in the constitutional system. In the republics, the position of the head of state is closely connected with the presidential electoral system Traditional classification of the forms of government is not sufficient enough, especially because of leaving out several important variables. Most of authors nowadays tend to classify forms of government into following models: parliamentary system, half-presidential, prime minister-presidential, presidential, presidential-parliamentary system. The paper surveys the position of president in France, Ireland, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Austria and Slovakia. The conclusions of this study may be summarized: a) there is no direct implication between direct presidential election and importance of president in the constitutional system of the country, b) it is necessary to distinguish between importance of the presidency in the constitutional system, as it results from the formal constitutional regulation on one side and the manner how the president is functioning in practice, mainly considering the presidential position in the party-political system on the other side. Whereas in the light of the formal constitution we could consider Finland and Portugal as the states with the strongest president, in reality we could unambiguously identify France as country with the strongest president. The weakest president is then, in both lights, in Ireland. c) The fact of outstanding personality of the first president elected in the direct elections may be the very important factor affecting the importance of presidential position. The example of such a personality which engraved the style of the presidential function for following periods was Antonio Salazar in Portugal or Lech Walesa in Poland. d) Another element affecting the presidential position within the constitutional and political system is the extent of his participation in political life. In some countries the president is taken as non-party man and independent arbiter (Ireland), in other countries, president is a leader of main political party regardless if it is a governing or opposition party (France). In Austria the directly elected president may be an active member of the political party while the federal chancellor is its chairman. e) Presidential legal and political responsibility determines the constitutional status. The direct election causes that constitutional authority of the president arises from other source than the Parliament and which creates conditions for political unaccountability of the president. Majority of constitutions of European countries define a certain grade of criminal immunity during presidential electoral term, appended by some form of impeachment. President may be charged by one of parliamentary chambers, the judgement is completed by one of the top judicial instances or by a special judicial body. Besides, in some countries (Poland, Portugal, Austria), there exists limited criminal responsibility of the president. In Austria and Slovakia the constitution contains political responsibility of the president. In Austria the president is accountable to the Federal Assembly, in Slovakia the constitution even enables the possibility to remove the president by the plebiscite.
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Outward FDI in the Czech Republic
Vejdovec, Ondřej ; Kopalová, Helena (advisor) ; Tyll, Ladislav (referee)
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the most important topics for small open economies such as the Czech Republic. Inward FDI played very important role during the transition and it was probably one of the key factor which helped to succeed. There were several interesting papers written about the impact on the host economy. As the Czech economy grows, local market becomes too small for some of the Czech successful companies, which means that that outward FDI are more and more important. In this thesis, we have focused on the development of Czech outward FDI, its key determinants and structure by regions and industries. We have also compared Czech outward foreign direct investment with other countries from CEE region. Last part of the thesis is devoted to the support of Czech outward FDI from the state.
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