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Urbanization in China: Sustainability of Chinese Cities
Králíková, Petra ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Neumann, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the master thesis is to characterize development trends of Chinese urbanization since the establishment of People´s Republic of China until today, approaches to these trends and evaluate their sustainability. Thesis includes four main parts. The first part introduces main urbanization theories: Stages of Urban Development, Differential Urbanization, and Environmental Kuznets Curve. The second part characterizes the development of Chinese urbanization, defines two main determinants of the future development and tries to cover different potential future scenarios. The third part deals with Chinese urban policies, such as five-year-plans, Urbanization plan and reforms. After that, the sustainability issue is evaluated. Last part of the thesis deals with urbanization trends and policies in Chongqing municipality.
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Transformation of suburban villages
Ferenc, Jonáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Balabánová, Pavla (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The thesis discusses suburban villages (and, indirectly, also villages that are even further away from urban areas), their current character, and their changes over the course of history. Most Bohemian, Moravian and Silesian municipalities struggle with persistent issues, such as the decline of their primarily agrarian function (and the unattractiveness of this lifestyle for the younger generations), changes in demographic composition (the exodus of natives to cities, and their replacement by “weekenders“), the lower purchase power of rural areas (due to lower wages in agriculture and the lack of other job opportunities), insufficient traffic infrastructure, unclear property relations, the loss of their own identity due to the closeness of a core city, and uncontrolled suburbanisation which transforms both villages and their environment. The end effects of these issues are depopulation of rural areas, ageing of current inhabitants and unfavourable prospects for the future. On the other hand, the situation in neighbouring Bavaria seems to be the exact opposite. Bavaria hasn't experienced collectivisation, and a communist dictatorship hasn't cut the ties of local inhabitants towards their lands and properties which have been in their families for centuries. Many issues encountered in the Czech Republic are therefore unknown here, and villages that happen to be near urban areas tend to grow in a natural way while retaining their original rural and local identities. The superior infrastructure network enables better mobility of the populace, which allows the people to commute longer distances. However, they can still spend their time in their actual place of residence, and they often proudly consider themselves a part of the local social life and of the local community – not of the core city. Therefore the goal of the thesis is to compare Czech and Bavarian villages in terms of sustainable development, using specific examples, to analyse which elements are better in which system, and to compare whether it is possible to apply the principles of sustainability which are used in Bavaria to the sustainable development of Czech countryside.
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Change of Periurban Country Housing
Ferenc, Jonáš
Contribution to the conference will deal with the analysis of rural settlements, lying in close proximity and relation to medium-sized cities (former county or region capitals, up to about 100 000 inhabitants). These villages are often administrative part of the cities which have spread to them. They have lost the primary function (agriculture), they are subject of extensive urbanization, social functions and commerce are moved to the city. Suburban villages are transformed to mere residential area without its own original content and importance as a local centre. Little by little, suburban villages are transformed from country environment into urban district, but they retain some of their own character and specifics. Apart from the largest cities (in Czech Republic it is Prague and partly Brno) they do not change their traditional urban structure. Village so retains its original plan with central space (square). Contribution presents a historical analysis of the development of suburban villages and opportunities, how to work with ongoing urbanization of country centre and villages itself.
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Hospodaření s dešťovou vodou ve městech
Vacková, Michaela
The paper is focused on new approaches of stormwater management in cities, decentralized urban drainage systems and reasons that lead to emergence of these systems. The relationship between them and urban planning. As a part of the paper there is the example, in which the relationships are verified.
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Principles of formation of urban greenery as a part of urban interior
Hrubanová, Denisa ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (referee) ; Prof.Ing.Ivar Otruba,CSc. (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
Urban interior environment mostly serves as a place for various meetings and social events. Thus, these spaces come alive thanks to people, who give them reason and meaning. However, the question is what role urban interior has in the present day, which, at the beginning of the new millennium, is characterized by a high degree of individualism. Within the deurbanization tendencies, buildings and adjoining areas in central parts of cities are often abandoned and the activities move to the periphery. If we want to return the social function to the urban interior, as a place of pleasant encounters and relationships, we need to approach its formation with respect to current trends in the development of human society. From the perspective of sustainable development, it is also necessary not to extend the boundaries of urbanized area to adjacent landscape, while abandoning the central locations in cities, but to maintain their intensive character. From this point of view, it is necessary to realize, that it is the greenery that gives the city an opportunity to perceive public spaces as an integral part of urban life and not just as places that people walk through having no reason to stay longer than necessary. Application of greenery in urban interior provides many positive features to the city. Greenery is an added value that can also operate independently as a functional unit that links the other functions of the urban organism. Both in its solitary form and in line or area applications. Along with water elements, urban furniture, various hard surfaces and landscaping, greenery creates a pleasant and interesting living environment in the city that can be desirable and sought-after again.
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Greenery of public spaces in new residential areas (residential areas on the outskirts of the cities)
Horká, Julie ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Otruba, Ivan (referee) ; Urbášková, Hana (referee) ; Wittmann, Maxmilian (advisor)
In the current post-industrial society, with increasing requirement of sustainability, greenery significantly participates in the spatial, operational and functional organization of the urban environment. The first part of the thesis introduces relationship between formation and structure of greenery in an urban environment from the historical point of view. Elements of greenery in an urban environment and on its margins filled a variety of functions: from productional and aesthetical to the recreational and ecological. Green areas have also gradually become an important public space. In the current urban environment, areas of vegetation arise mainly in the form of recultivation of post-industrial areas, adjusted smaller parks, greenery of business and entertainment centers, or greenery of residential units. The thesis is focusing on the last mentioned type, which should be in the closest coexistence with residential environment and on the possibilities of creating eco-residential units, which can become a substitute /or at least one of the possible options/ to mono-functional residential zones emerging on the outskirts of our cities and in the open countryside and act against the ongoing suburbanization and its negative effects. The text of doctoral thesis is trying to find qualitative aspects of greenery which supports the creation of living, attractive and sustainable public spaces. Comparison and evaluation of selected examples from abroad /Austria, Germany, Holland/ and also from the Czech Republic brings us the definition of the necessary and optimum qualitative properties of greenery in public, but also semi-public spaces of residential complexes. These examples of good practice may be used - as a whole or in parts – as inspiration for the development of residential projects in the Czech Republic, either in preferred brownfields areas or in carefully selected areas of new development. The final chapter emphasizes the inseparability of the creation of public spaces and greenery in residential areas from the sustainable development of the area in terms of a penetrable and compact city.
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The Significance and Function of Artificial Water Courses in the Present-Day Urban Environment
Ležatka, Lukáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Ing.arch.Jaroslav Tušer,CSc. (referee) ; Löw, Jiří (referee) ; Lhotáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The objective of this dissertation is resolving the issues of both form and function of water courses in a present-day city. The dissertation focuses primarily on water courses which may be described as man-made, i.e. those resembling a canal, and addresses their prospective revitalization within the context of urban renewal and development in the present-day post-industrial era. The introduction includes a comprehensive analysis of the historical and typological development of artificial water courses, essential for grasping the connections as well as the current overall state of water courses in an urbanized setting. Detailed attention is devoted in particular to the most frequently occurring artificial water course - i.e. the race. The dissertation strives to defend the irreplaceable role of the water course as a public space in the urban landscape and - consequently - also its prospective essential revitalization. Examples, especially from throughout Western Europe, are used to demonstrate particular solutions, approaches and strategies to predominantly artificial water course renewal within the urban environment. The dissertation also devotes attention to the tools used in reaching relevant solutions.
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Land management for development project
Černý, Petr ; Lukelová, Petra (referee) ; Ivanička, Koloman (advisor)
Topic of this bachelor thesis is preparation of land for a development project. The thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part gives on overview of processes necessary for initiation, preparation and implementation of the development project. Namely these are the idea of construction, issues related to spatial planning, different phases of the development project, funding of the development project, ensuring the legal ownership of the land and setting the utilities. The practical part describes the difference between two development projects of land preparation for construction of houses, one initiated and managed by a local authority and the second of uncontrolled construction on property of a real estate owner.
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Metropolitan city with historical contexts of its development (Prediction of urbanistic expansion according to historical methods)
Balcer, Jan ; Macháček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lukavec, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis explains the development of the metropolitan area of the capital city Prague and also shows the process of urbanization with emphasis into local specifities. Thesis approximates the local urbanization process and its phases through the detail subscription of this phenomenon which is later applied to Europe and also Eastern Europe. This part of thesis describes eastward influence and its specific developmental stages and changes in Prague metropolitan area. Thesis practically shows each of the selected period and phase of development in the metropolitan area with the definitions of key milestones for the development of spatial and architectural layout of the city and its surroundings. Work confronts theoretical assumptions of urbanization and suburbanization under scrutiny of its developmental specifics and historical contexts, and in the final part, case study provides the subjective opinion of the author on the future development of the area according to the historical processes.
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