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Immune response against skin-penetrating helminths with a focus on schistosomes
Revalová, Alena ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Leštinová, Tereza (referee)
Breaching the vertebrate skin and overcoming the local immunity represents a critical step in the life cycles of many helminths. This bachelor thesis summarized the current knowledge of the skin immune response against schistosomes. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are activated soon after the infection. Despite certain differences between mice and humans, complement, granulocytes and especially CD4+ T-lymphocytes are considered as key players in anti-schistosomal immunity of both species. However, several aspects of the host immune response, such as the initial source of cytokine IL-4, IL-10 or expression pattern of certain co- receptors remain unclear and warrant further research. A comprehensive understanding of the host immune response in the skin as well as the respective parasite immune evasion strategies is needed to boost vaccine development. Keywords: immune response, skin, lymph nodes, helminths, schistosomes
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Immune response against skin-penetrating helminths with a focus on schistosomes
Revalová, Alena ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Leštinová, Tereza (referee)
Breaching the vertebrate skin and overcoming the local immunity represents a critical step in the life cycles of many helminths. This bachelor thesis summarized the current knowledge of the skin immune response against schistosomes. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are activated soon after the infection. Despite certain differences between mice and humans, complement, granulocytes and especially CD4+ T-lymphocytes are considered as key players in anti-schistosomal immunity of both species. However, several aspects of the host immune response, such as the initial source of cytokine IL-4, IL-10 or expression pattern of certain co- receptors remain unclear and warrant further research. A comprehensive understanding of the host immune response in the skin as well as the respective parasite immune evasion strategies is needed to boost vaccine development. Keywords: immune response, skin, lymph nodes, helminths, schistosomes
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Mléčná užitkovost dojných plemen koz
Dořmanová, Vendula
An object of this bachelor thesis is an evaluation of a milk yield of dairy goat breeds and study of a quality of products which are made from their milk. For this work was selected basic breeds that are most breeded in Czech Republic. A first half of a theroretical part is devoted to a goats reproduction process and study of their mammary gland. Next part is focused on a description of a composition of goat milk and products which are made from the milk. A practical part is devoted to observations of yields from a selected farm, which are used to evaluation of goat production. Results are showing that yield is strongly affected by a seasonality. From assessed data was found, the yield is decreasing in term from September to November. In the end of this term is a lactation fully stopped. The lactation stopped on November 13th. Thanks to the next observation it was determined that the beginning of new production period was on February 18th of a next year.
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Vyhodnocení úrovně mléčné užitkovosti v chovu koz na farmě Bílsko
MAJTÁNOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate milk production levels of goats on the ecological farm Bílsko. The thesis analysed selected factors influencing goat milk production, especially the quality and quantity of feed and the age composition of herds. In order to assess the milk production, a data set from the primary breeding records from 2012 to 2016 was used. The milk production on the farm increased at that time. The milk production reached 417 kg in 2012 and then 437 kg in 2013, 555 kg in 2014, 633 kg in 2015 and 648 kg in 2016. The thesis also evaluates the content of milk constituents, that is fat, protein and lactose. In 2012 the milk consisted of 3.88% fat, 13% protein and 4.4% lactose. In 2013 it contained 3.29% fat, 3.23% protein and 4.4% lactose. In 2014 the milk contained 3.26% fat, 3.17% protein and 4.4% lactose. In 2015 the fat content decreased to 2.79% and the protein content decreased to 2.98% while lactose reached 4.5%. In 2016 the fat content again decreased to 2.53% and the protein content decreased to 2.83% while lactose increased to 4.71%. The milk production results in the selected herd were compared with national data. Based on the obtained data, the conclusion provides measures that would increase the milk production. These include mainly reducing the number of goats, removing old goats from breeding and improving feed rations.
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Založení chovu koz - mladý zemědělec
Jaroš, Jaromír
In its first part, the thesis The establishment of goats farm young farmer describes current situation of goat farming in the European Union, and, more importantly, in the Czech Replubic, which current trends are described in detail. In depth the thesis analyses factors that impact the economics of farming. Furthermore, it deals with subsidies flowing into the sensitive agricultural sector, and the relevant legislation. Finally, the work focuses on establishing a model farming from the perspective of young farmers.
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Analysis of the selection program for the White Shorthaired qoat in the Czech Republic
Holecová, Alena ; Přibyl, Josef (advisor) ; Vít, Vít (referee)
Selection program is a set of principles and practices for genetic improvement of animals. The aim of breeding is to ensure the desired level of production traits and thereby to influence the economic results of farming in favor of farmers. Genetic improvement is achieved by selecting the best individuals as parents for the next generation. The basis for the organization of a selection program are breeding goals, appropriate selection criteria and a system to performance record. Next step is the selection of the best individuals and their mating based on established principles. The quality of the selection program is given by the selection response in traits, maintaining the genetic diversity expressed by the rate of inbreeding and the economic profit. In the case of genetic resources, among which the White Shorthaired goat in the Czech Republic belongs, the emphasis is on maintaining the genetic diversity, but also for the economic gain, which increases the interest in the breed. The achieved genetic gain, the rate of inbreeding and economic profit are compared with the expected and in case of differences are the causes analysed and the program changed. In the breeding program for the White Shorthaired goat in the Czech Republic are set the breeding objectives and the performance record system. The organization of the mating ensures avoidance of the inbreeding. The breeding value is not estimated, the parents of the next generation are selected on the basis of measured gross phenotypic values for protein content in milk and of the exterior evaluation. It is not possible to evaluate the genetic progress. In the analysis of selection programs in chosen countries (France, Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia, Germany and Austria), it was found that in all these countries is the breeding values of the animals estimated by using BLUP - Animal Model for production traits, exterior or fertility, or it is currently being prepared. I recommend to estimate the breeding value for the amount of milk, protein and fat for the White Shorthaired goat in the Czech Republic and create a selection index with emphasis on the amount of protein in milk as a base for the selection of the parents of the next generation. I also recommend the introduction of the linear exterior evaluation because of the possibility of a more precise evaluation of the exterior traits that are associated with the production traits, health, fertility and longevity, and estimating the breeding value in these indicators
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The occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes to anthelmintic drugs in goat herds
Císlerová, Markéta ; Vadlejch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela (referee)
Parasitic nematodes are a cosmopolitan distribution group helminths causing the infections, which cause deterioration of health of infected animals. Frequent are indigestion e.g. diarrhea, dehydration, loss of appetite, but also to anemia. Gastrointestinal nematodes also have an impact on economic losses for farmers due to reduced production of milk and meat, the more difficult pregnancy rates, abortions, deaths during severe infections and high treatment costs. These consequences parasites worsen the overall welfare of animals, which should not be completely overlooked.
To eliminate gastrointestinal infections with broad use modern anthemintic of the following groups: benzimidazoles, imidazoles and macrocyclic lactones aminoacetonitrilové derivatives (AADs). AADs is a relatively new group of broad-spectrum anthlemintic. As an adjunct in the treatment available today increasingly researched, plants and their extracts anthelmintic effect.
After a few years since the introduction broad spectrum anthelmintic occurred first mention of resistance. Resistance is defined as the ability of the parasite to survive treatment with the recommended dose of anthelmintics that would normally be lethal to the parasite. Rapid development of resistance has caused particularly wrong drug administration procedures for the failure of the administration and also the fact that resistance is based genetic property. It is therefore very important along with the development of new effective drugs also strictly follow the prescribed procedures in the treatment.
Goats were previously treated with the same doses of anthelmintics like sheep and chronic administration of subtherapeutic doses of anthelmintic lead to faster development of resistance to anthelmintics. This was problematic, as it is known, goats have a faster metabolism and it contributed to the expansion resistance in goats.
The early detection resistance is needed to improve detection methods. Emphasis should be placed on simplicity, availability and cost efficiency that could be used directly to the farmer.
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Feasibility Study of Goats Farm
Kejklířová, Lucie ; Kříž, Jiří (referee) ; Koleňák, Jiří (advisor)
he objective of this thesis is to prepare a feasibility study of the investment project for the establishment of an organic goat's farm with production of dairy products with organic quality. The thesis also analyses the grant opportunities from the EU Structural Funds for this project.
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Monitoring of thyroid activity in goats
BENDOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the activity of a thyroid gland of a goat in terms of an excessive iodine excretion in urine and milk. The milk iodine content as a potential source of iodine for humans is still a significant affair. Five milk collections were done in five observed farms during a lactation period. It was collected 144 individual mixed milk samples from 32 animals in total. Urine collections were made five times in the five observed farms 29 individual urine samples in total from 12 animals. The total iodine excretion in milk and urine was set. The average iodine content in milk of individual farms ranged from 41.72 to 143.54 ?g I.l-1 and the average iodine content in urine of individual farms ranged from 104,1 to 165,3 ?g I.l-1. It appears from that that type of stabling and also ration with mineral supplements have an impact on the iodine content. No impact on the iodine content was registered from lactation stage, age or specific breed. There's possible dependency on iodine content in milk and iodine content in urine.
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Factors affecting composition of goat milk
PECOVÁ, Lenka
The Bachelor thesis deals with composition of goat milk and effects influencing changes in the composition of goat milk. Goat milk is a product, quality of which is affected by a large number of factors. The outcome of this thesis is classified information about factors affecting the amount and composition of produced goat milk; the factors are divided into three main categories - biological factors, nutritional factors and factors of technology and management. Nutritional factors, in particular amount, quality and nutritional properties of feed and water, most affect the amount and composition of produced milk. Another essential factor is a genetic disposition which includes the individuality of the goat, its breed and pedigree. Among the other significant factors which affect quality of goat milk, we can classify health, age, lactation phase, technology and hygiene of milking, housing and treatment and a climate. Less important factor is e.g. earliness of weaning kids. All the factors are interconnected. Neglecting several less important factors can significantly negatively affect the composition of goat milk even though extraordinary care will be given to factors that are considered essential (and vice versa). Therefore it is important to take into consideration all factors involved, from the process of creation of goat milk to its manufacture.
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