|
|
Obnova jedle a přípravných dřevin na kalamitní holině
Sekanina, Jan
The main aim of this thesis is evaluation of the growth of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and nursery woody species at initial stage of regeneration on calamity originated clear-cut. For this purpose were established experimental areas TVP Rakovec (ŠLP Křtiny) and TVP Tornádo (LČR LS Albrechtice city). These areas have been divided into smaller plots, where the regeneration of European silver fir was carried out concurrently with regeneration of White birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) and European aspen (Populus tremula L.) in spring 2014 and autumn 2015. The growth of European silver fir and nursery woody species was evaluated according to the height, diameter of root crown and mortality. In area of TVP Tornado the most successful manner was concurrent regeneration with birch, under which fir reached average height of 47 cm just after two years of growth and where the mortality was only 1,4 %. In case of this manner, the birch reached the height of 251 cm and 37 mm in diameter of the root crown. In area of TVP Rakovec the best growth of fir occurred under the European aspen and reached average height of 40 cm. Contrary, in case of this manner was the loss of the fir, exactly 26,2 %. The most successful nursery woody species in area of TVP Rakovec was the Black alder, where occurred much fewer losses and reached the best results of the growth. Within this diploma thesis was also made theoretical analysis of the nursery stand ability of production, in which have been found out that the European aspen has the highest production potential in all bonitet and the Black alder has the smallest production potential in compare with all chosen nursery woody species. Within both areas of research have been investigated the influence of the nursery stand in initial stage to the microclimate of calamity originated clear-cut. The impact hasn´t been confirmed.
|
|
|
Genetické aspekty produkce lesního reprodukčního materiálu jedle bělokoré (Abies alba Mill.)
Ondrejčík, Róbert
The silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was the one of our most important commercial wood species. The theoretic part is focused on expansion, ecological requirements and effect of management on reproduction of this ground wood. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to state the genotypes of source certified coppice of silver fir and seedlings in forest nursery - progeny of maternal coppice in 15 loci by the means of DNA analyses. From the genotypes basic population- genetic features are educed consequently, such as allele and genotype frequency or genetic diversity. After interpreting the results, within the valid legislature, particular actions for preventing genetic fund impoverishment and possibilities of restoration of this ground wood into our forests are suggested.
|
|
|
Vliv intenzity výchovného zásahu na formování březového porostu a růst podsadby jedle bělokoré
Pišlová, Tereza
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the formation of preparing birch stand and the growth of silver birch underplanting. The measurements were realized in 2015 – 2018 in TVP Skrchov. The area was divided into 4 variants; no heavy thinning, intensity heavy thinning 50 %, 30 % and silver fir gap. In the birch stand there was evaluated breast-height diameter and its growth, basal area and by Shädelin tree classification the target trees were chosen. The silver fir underplanting was measured for mortality, root colar diameter, height, diameter growth, height increment, health condition, and the size of crown projection. The best value had the birch stand with thinning intensity of 50 %. In this stand there was reaction of release after heavy thinning. On the other hand the lowest value of production had the birch area without heavy thinning. Nevertheless, the value of slenderness ratio was high (110 – 120) and the share of green crown was low (33 – 35 %) for all variants. It shows worse vitality and stability of the birch stand and it indicates the late heavy thinning. The silver fir grew best in the gap where it had the highest diameter growth, height increment, healty condition and lowest mortality. The best of underplantings was the silver fir grown under the birch stand without heavy thinning. The worst results had the silver fir with 50 % of heavy thinning intesity.
|
|
|
Inventarizace a ekologie přirozené obnovy se zvláštním zřetelem na jedli bělokorou v souboru porostů v převodu na výběrný les na ŠLP Křtiny
Koudelka, Oldřich
This bachelor thesis examines and evaluates factors which have an effect on natural regeneration of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), especially light effect, game pressure, effect of weeds and litter composition. The measurement were performed in the forest stands, which are in the conversion to selection forest on Training Forestry Enterprise Křtiny – Klepačov location. From results is clearly visible negative effect of game on fir regeneration. Fir grow quite well on semi-shady and shady places but on the other side it does not prosper on sunny places with high intensity of light at all. In terms of substrate composition, this research found that the better for fir is coniferous and mixed substrate and the least suited is substrate composed by broadleaves. The density of vegetation cover did not prove significant differences in the effect on fir number.
|
|
|
Hodnocení ekologických limitů a zdravotního stavu jedle bělokoré (Abies alba) v oblasti Šumavy
Kopa, Václav
White fir trees used to be the most abundant conifer of our forests. Today, however there is a minority of them. That is why I decided to elaborate the work that will deal with the white fir tree in different vegetation zones (VZ) of natural forest areas (NFA) of the Šumava mountains, Přehoří Šumavy and Novohradské hory. The lowest-lying mapped area was the locality close to Címice near Címický Lake at an altitude of 553 m in the 4th VZ. The highest location was the area near Horská Kvilda on the edge of Zhůřské peatbog in the 8th VZ at an altitude of 1144 m. The current health status of the white fir trees and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on its life manifestations were evaluated. The most significant limiting factor is game.
|
|
|
Struktura a dynamika přirozené obnovy po skupinové seči ve smíšeném lese na ŠLP Křtiny
Bíšek, Tomáš
The aim of the work was to evaluate the dynamics and structure of natural forests regeneration in finer (small-scale) management systems and optimize silvicultural (regeneration) operations. For the research were selected three stand types (beech, spruce and mixed), into which were placed 10 group cutting. There were analyzed light conditions, herb layer, density and regeneration parameters. The density of regeneration were analyzed according to the light conditions and position in the group cutting. From the measurements it was found that natural forests regeneration most easily proceeded in a spruce stand type. In these conditions it was achieved less diversity of tree species, the highest was recorded in gaps mixed. Compared small gaps (0.05 ha) and large gaps (0.05 to 0.13 ha) higher densities forests regeneration has been measured in large gaps. Diversity of trees inside the gap corresponds to the light conditions of wood. In the central part prevailed larch, in the transition under the forest wall of shelterwood prevailed spruce and beech. Under the protection of the surrounding stand fir is the best regeneration. Regeneration of species surveyed are oriented to the west, south and east exposure gaps. This fact corresponds to the superiority of Indirect Site Factor (ISF). The results of this study show that at any given time at a given location can be group felling increase species diversity forests regeneration.
|
|
|
Overstory-understory neighborhood effect in mountain mixed forest
Matouš, Marek ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Ulbrichová, Iva (referee)
The object of this study is to describe overstory-understory neighbourhood effects in natural mountain mixed forests in environmental conditions of central Europe. Namely, the neighbourhood effect of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst. ).
The sample plots are situated in central Slovakia. On 60 plots, counts of individuals of these species were recorded and divided by social status (from 6 cm of DBH). Regeneration of these species, was divided into 4 high categories. For 30 trees of each species, regeneration was also counted under specific crown in the area of 4 m2. The data was evaluated mainly by the generalized linear model in R statistical program. Here was evaluated the relationship between individuals of different categories of understory and overstory and the dependence between counts of regeneration of each species under specific crown.
The strongest positive overstory-understory neighbourhood effect, was observed for the silver fir in all categories of regeneration (p<0.001). It also weakly negatively affected the regeneration of beech. For spruce, the positive neighbourhood effect was demonstrated only among the trees of upper level and saplings from 0.5 to 1.3 meters. Other categories of spruce saplings, were in too small quantities for demonstrating these relationships. Positive overstory-understory neighbourhood effect of beech was weak, or neutral for advanced regeneration. But seedlings to 0,5 m height, were in minimum quantity under spruce and fir crown. Beech also significantly negatively influenced all regeneration categories of silver fir (p<0.001). So, for each species, the overstory-understory neighbourhood effect is more or less positive, at least for lower height regeneration categories. This effect suggest also to small scale species stability of these forests.
|
|
|
Mixed forests and its practical use for forest management
Adamec, Jiří ; Janda, Pavel (advisor) ; Mrhalová, Hana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis focuses primarily onmixed forests and their practical use for forest management. It deals with forests both in Central Europe and the Czech Republic. Issues related to forests and the effect of different influences on them, are the subject of a variety of scientific papers. Obtained knowledgeabout mixed forests could help us better understand the increasingly emerging climate change. The main factors are temperature, rapidly changing in the recent years, and the changes in average total annual precipitation and varying amounts of gases in the air. The actual composition of the mixed forests and the individual characteristics of trees have to be also taken into account. An increased incidence of pests and diseases of trees and proliferating pests that may be affected both by climate change ortree species in the stands. This paper presents the possible conversion of spruce monocultures into mixed stands It contains a lot of knowledge from various scientific papers whose main points are summarized in a form of literature review and could lead to improved conditions of our forests.
|
|
|
Disturbance history of the primary mountain mixed forests in Temperate Zone (Europe)
Komín, Stanislav ; Janda, Pavel (advisor) ; Bače, Radek (referee)
This paper is about structure and disturbance regime of mountain mixed forests in location Šrámkova dolina, which is in Tatras national park. Except this, thesis also informs about problems which are in mountain mixed forests. Forest dynamic were monitored od 14 permanent plots, which were in the line polygon, every plot takes 1000 m2. Study is based on the structural data of the type, thicknes and age structure and this data were put into dendroecological analys, which shows releases during the growth. Based on results, we can say that most trees strarts their growth in forests gap, and most of trees did not detect release. Šrámkova dolina were formed by gew several wind disturbances, biggest impact had few disturbances between year 1834 and 1845, this event strongly affected regenerations between decades 1845 and 1885. In the Europe temperate zone are mountain forests mostly affected by wind adn bark beatle, but in mixed forests are damage caused by bark beatle smaller. Small canopy destruction caused by small disturbance salso play very important role in forests dynmic here.
|
|
|
Analysis of artificial regeneration methods of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the selected forest stands of the Forest district Lužná.
Bledý, Michal ; Remeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee)
This diploma thesis is dealing with analysis and statistical evaluation of regeneration methods introducing silver fir to forests in the area LS Lužná, forest district Bor. The aim of this thesis was to make the measurements of silver fir plants growing in the existing permanent research plots, to establish new research plots and perform general evaluation of alternative regeneration approaches.
The theoretical part deals with the issue of silver fir regeneration, its expansion and areal, ecological requirements, usability and physiological description of this species were also taken into consideration. This part of the thesis was also focused on description of the various alternative ways of reintroducing this species to the forest. It was made a description of the principles of forest tending, natural and artificial regeneration of silver fir stands with respect to its environmental requirements. The biotic and abiotic pests of silver fir and effective defence against these pests were also discussed. It was made the analyses of factors affecting positively and negatively the growth and development of silver fir. Silver fir was described as an ameliorative and stabilizing tree species.
In the practical part of this thesis an analysis of local conditions on the ground Bor, LS Lužná; specifically analysis of climate, soil, light and growth conditions was performed. They were recorded and compared to findings on the permanent research plots (established in 2014) and newly established research plots. The results were evaluated by different growth conditions on the research and permanent research plots. The differences in growth conditions in the different regeneration variants were evaluated statistically.
|
guest ::
