|
|
The incidence of postoperative infectious complications in neurosurgical ICU
Brindová, Jana ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
This thesis examines in detail the nature of postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent brain tumor surgery. It deals with the incidence of these complications and their severity, depending on various factors and suggests the most appropriate nursing procedures used in the care of a patient in whom these complications occurred. For the structure of the work is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the issues examined in terms of the medical field Neurosurgery (closer diagnoses, conditions, operations and other procedures, and complications to occur after these operations or expected performance), analyzes a nursing practice and patient care on neurosurgical ICU, and finally closely examines infections and nosocomial diseases, including a description of the most common types, their agents, diagnosis and treatment. The second, empirical part focuses on the problems from a practical point of view. With the help of set of case studies it closer which specific complications are most commonly found on the neurosurgical ICU in patients after surgery of brain tumors, what are the most common methods of treatment and nursing procedures which are most used in the care of patients with these complications. In conclusion summarizes the...
|
|
|
Hand hygiene as a prevention of nosocomial infections at healthcare professionals in Nemocnice Strakonice a.s.
HRACH, Filip
This bachelor thesis deals with the prevention and monitoring of infections which are associated with the health care in Hospital Strakonice, a.s. The main goal of this thesis was to analyse and describe the current situation in area of prevention of nosocomial infections in connection with the hand hygiene of the medical staff in this hospital. The knowledge of medical staff in area of nosocomial infections, activity of persons doing the cleaning or the quality of the hand hygiene of the medical staff was the main focus. The bachelor thesis is focused on several hospital wards - haemodialysis, anaesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive care unit and finally maternity ward The bachelor thesis has two parts - theoretical and practical. The already known knowledge in area of infections connected with the health care is described in the theoretical part. The focus was on the technique, manners, quality of hand hygiene and the hand disinfection, explanation of the term nosocomial infections, classification, definition and spreading of the nosocomial infections. The information was obtained and used from Czech and foreign literature. The practical part refers to the short research and observation in Hospital Strakonice, a.s. The main goal was to find out by means of different methods the quality of hospital hygiene. The research was conducted using semiquantitative and qualitative methods. Each method in the thesis is described methodically and practically. The results were commented on in the discussion.
|
|
|
The use of gloves in nursing care.
REJNARTOVÁ, Květa
Current Situation: New demands in health care are on the rise, especially in nursing care. Protection against infection is an integral part of this process. Every hospital has developed standards that describe the use of gloves during certain procedures. Glove use protects the nurse as well as the patient from infections. The responsibility of every health worker is to comply with these standards and norms. The Bachelor's thesis "The Use of Gloves in Nursing Practice" informs about the real practices regarding compliance with the standards and also about the occurrence of allergies. Aim of the research: The aim of the research survey was to verify theoretical knowledge, such as standards and norms, related to procedures during which the medical staff use gloves and compare this knowledge with the actual compliance. Two aims were selected: 1. Evaluate the use of gloves in healthcare according to the standards and compare them with reality. 2. Determine the occurrence of allergies in medical personnel related to the use of gloves. Methodology: The empirical part of the research survey was conducted using qualitative research. The data were collected anonymously in three hospitals by means of a semi-structured interview. The interview consisted of three identification and eight open-ended questions. All the interviews were rewritten and analyzed by a "paper and pencil" method. Hidden observations were carried out before the interviews and recorded on the sheet. Results: The results of the research survey showed that there were differences between the theoretical training of medical personnel and the practical implementation according to the standards. Glove use is perceived as insignificant and most of the procedures are done without them. Medical personnel do not realize the importance of the standards and they behave as they see fit, not afraid of transmission of infection. They do not endanger only themselves, but the patients as well. The occurrence of latex allergy among medical personnel was confirmed. This allergy appears despite the better quality of gloves and their availability. The analysis of the research survey showed that the quality of gloves is also key to compliance with standards. Management should carry out more frequent inspections and audits. Conclusion: The Bachelor's thesis explored the discrepancies between theory and practice in patient care according to standards. Hospitals should not focus only on the economic aspect of protection of medical personnel but should purchase quality gloves. Training in glove use should be regular and consistent with the standards. The issue could be solved by regular inspections by the management of the department and regular audits. Next solution could be an adequate motivation of medical personnel by the hospital management. Protection of an individual means protection of the entire health facility.
|
|
|
Detection of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Hospital České Budějovice, a. s. and in University Hospital Hradec Králové
Polenová, Lucie ; Paterová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hobzová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Bc. Lucie Polenová Supervisor: MUDr. Pavla Paterová Title of diploma thesis: Detection of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Hospital České Budějovice, a. s. and in University Hospital Hradec Králové The resistance of microbes to antibiotics belongs to worldwide health problems. Infections, which are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), occur mainly in hospitals. It is because of incorrect and excesive consumption of antibiotics. Insufficient observance of hygienic-epidemiological measures helps to spread resistant strains. Background: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of MRSA strains in two Czech hospitals - in Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and in University Hospital Hradec Králové. To compare results with figures in the previous years and sort isolated strains by different characteristics in both hospitals. Methods: Results of the study are based on retrospective data analysis from electronic database. All data from hospitalized patients or outpatients during 1.1.2015 - 31.12.2015 with isolation of MRSA were counted. Processing and cultivation of isolates were made by standard microbiology measures. Strains,...
|
|
|
The incidence of postoperative infectious complications in neurosurgical ICU
Brindová, Jana ; Mrákava, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
This thesis examines in detail the nature of postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent brain tumor surgery. It deals with the incidence of these complications and their severity, depending on various factors and suggests the most appropriate nursing procedures used in the care of a patient in whom these complications occurred. For the structure of the work is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the issues examined in terms of the medical field Neurosurgery (closer diagnoses, conditions, operations and other procedures, and complications to occur after these operations or expected performance), analyzes a nursing practice and patient care on neurosurgical ICU, and finally closely examines infections and nosocomial diseases, including a description of the most common types, their agents, diagnosis and treatment. The second, empirical part focuses on the problems from a practical point of view. With the help of set of case studies it closer which specific complications are most commonly found on the neurosurgical ICU in patients after surgery of brain tumors, what are the most common methods of treatment and nursing procedures which are most used in the care of patients with these complications. In conclusion summarizes the...
|
|
|
Nosocomial Infections on Intensive Care Units
Zavřelová, Martina ; Lutovský, Roman (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The aim of this thesis is summarising the issue of hospital related infections on intensive care units in district hospitals. This issue is greatly underestimated. The background section discusses the different types of healthcare acquired infection, where they are most commonly found and the most common types. They use statistical data to confirm these points. Within this section risk factors and preventive measures are also discussed. The researchers use a questionnaire to assess the intensive care units staff's knowledge of the procedures to prevent a healthcare acquired infection. The data is expressed using tables and graphs to aid clarity. The results of research reveal, that the staff all downgrade the prevalence and prevention of hospital acquired infections. Key words: Healthcare acquired infections / Nosocomial disease Prevention of hospital related diseases Hand hygiene Intensive care
|
|
|
Increasing the efficiency of hazardous waste sorting at the hospital Česky Krumlov a.s.
SELINGEROVÁ, Šárka
This thesis deals with the handling of waste and linen. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part.The theoretical part describes the history of Česky Krumlov hospital and is followed by an in-depth look at the history and development of the handling of waste and linen in a medical facility etc. In the practical part of the research qualitative-quantitative methods were used in the form of observation, interview, questionnaire and secondary data analysis. In Česky Krumlov Hospital I observed the ongoing activities and gathered data. The research sample for the interview consisted of 10 respondents. The questionnaires consisted of 21 questions. A secondary analysis of operating rules, guidelines and waste management legislation was used. The main objectives of the research were to compare the system of waste and linen handling in Česky Krumlov hospital with applicable legislation and rules of operation. In so doing, to determine whether there are shortcomings in the separation of waste and the handling of laundry and in which department(s). In addition, to compare the production of waste in amount and time with regards to the use of disposable devices and instruments. Finally, to monitor the way employees separate waste in the hospital and compare the approach to it between smokers and non-smokers.For the purpose of this research five research questions and four hypotheses were put forward: V1: Does the procedure for handling waste meet legislative requirements and the current operating system? V2: Does the system of separation and disposal of waste differ in individual departments and if so why? V3: Can a more effective system for waste management be found? V4: Does the procedure for handling linen meet legislative requirements and the current operating system? V5: Can a more effective way of handling laundry be found? H1: The attitude to the separation of waste is different in smokers and non-smokers. H2: The sorting method depends on education. H3: The sorting method depends on the job position. H4: The sorting method depends on the amount of work experience of employees. Interviews were transcribed using MS Word 2007, and then processed using XMind 6. The hypotheses were statistically analyzed.In addition, information from my observations, interviews and the operating rules and directives for hospital staff helped me to answer the research questions. On the basis of the statistical findings all the hypotheses, with exception to H1, were confirmed. Hypothesis H1 was refuted. During the work all the objectives were met with exception to the fifth objective where problems relating to the quality of services provided by the laundry in České Budějovice Hospital, a.s. were identified. A comparison of the waste management system in Česky Krumlov Hospital a.s. with its operating rules, guidelines and legislation shows that overall the procedures correspond. There were just a few exceptions in the form of unlocked containers for infectious waste and a lack of signatures on labels of some of the staff responsible. During my observation no errors occurred in the separation of waste. The hospital has established a uniform system, whereby the procedures only vary according to the type of waste. The established system of waste separation in Česky Krumlov Hospital a.s. is very good, fully compliant with legislative requirements and is efficient. When comparing the production of general waste over time, the amount is decreasing. However, the amount of hazardous waste being produced is increasing. It was found that the attitude to waste separation does not differ in smokers and non-smokers and that university-educated workers separate less waste at work than others due to the type of job within the organization. Nurses recycle more and more responsibly. The same can be observed for employees with more work experience. I found minor discrepancies in the handling of laundry and the current operating rules.
|
|
|
The Culture of Hand Hygiene
PAVLÍČKOVÁ, Eva
Basic theoretical premises:Nursing personnel presents the most numerous professional group in the health care sector. They spend 24 hours a day and seven days a week with patients. The nursing personnel's inadequate hand hygiene may result in hospital-acquired infection with all its negative consequences. The knowledge and application of proper hand hygiene techniques as well as aseptic procedures play a key role in the prevention of nosocomial infection theoretical part of the thesis consists of two sections. The former section focuses on a detailed definition of hospital-acquired infection, its categorization, origin, and prevention. The latter section discusses hand hygiene, including its development since 1847. Particular attention is paid to WHO's "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene," the various techniques, obstacles, and improvement strategies.Goals of the thesis, research questions and hypotheses:The primary aim of the research was to establish whether the measures recommended in the "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" were followed in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic. To reach this objective, three sub-goals were defined: Sub-goal no. 1: To establish, by means of the direct observation technique, whether proper hand hygiene was performed. Sub-goal no. 2: To map the application of proper hand hygiene in particular situations. Sub-goal no. 3: To test the proper hand disinfection by means of a fluorescent lotion and a UV lamp. Five hypotheses were postulated to reach the objectives. Hypothesis no. 1: The recommended hand hygiene techniques are adopted to the same degree in all hospitals under investigation. Hypothesis no. 2: The recommended hand hygiene measures are applied to the same degree in the five particular situations. Hypothesis no. 3: The hospital provider influences the attitude toward proper hand hygiene. Hypothesis no. 4: The level of education impacts the attitude toward proper hand hygiene. Hypothesis no. 5: The number of years of personnel's work experience affects proper hand hygiene compliance. Methodology:The practice-based research section of the present thesis contains quantitative results gathered from the field research in selected hospitals in the Capital City of Prague and the Central Bohemian Region. The direct observation involved a test of the actual application of hand hygiene measures by means of a fluorescent lotion and a UV lamp. The results of the direct observation were recorded in the observation notes and subsequently processed by means of the Excel application from the Microsoft Office software suite. The Anova method was employed to test the set hypotheses. Graphics was used to interpret the outcome of the direct observation.Research batch: The research batch was presented by 104 non-physician staff members working in 7 hospitals administrated by 3 different providers and involving 3 different types of wards, all located in the Capital City of Prague and the Central Bohemian Region.Results:.As based on the results, the initial hypotheses were assessed as follows: Hypothesis no. 1: The recommended hand hygiene techniques are adopted to the same degree in all hospitals under investigation. The hypothesis was not confirmed. Hypothesis no. 2: The recommended hand-hygiene measures are applied to the same degree in the five particular situations/diagnoses. The hypothesis was not confirmed. Hypothesis no. 3: The hospital provider influences the attitude toward proper hand hygiene. The hypothesis was confirmed. Hypothesis no. 4: The level of education impacts the attitude toward proper hand hygiene. The hypothesis was not confirmed. Hypothesis no. 5: The number of years of personnel's work experience affects proper hand hygiene compliance. The hypothesis was not confirmed..Conclusion:The present thesis offers an insight into the issue of proper hand hygiene of non-physician health care workers..
|
|
|
Identification and risk assesment in nurcing care
LUDÁNYIOVÁ, Sabina
Theoretical base: Safety of the Healthcare personnel is one of the key aspects in the good and safe care of patients. There are many risks threatening nurses while doing their daily job. It's necessary to perform a detailed identification, analysis and assessment of these risks. These processes lead to improved work life of general nurses and clients' stay in the healthcare facility. Important s of the theoretical part are chapters concerning the accreditation and certification of the healthcare facilities helping to achieve safe environment. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify risks for nurses while performing their medical profession, to analyze the problem of their physical workload, nosocomial infections and the risk of sharps injuries. Another objective is to describe preventive mechanisms of compliance with work safety standards and how they are perceived by nurses. The main objective is to analyze the overall standpoint of nurses towards risks in a way to show their individual perception. Methods: Form of qualitative research was chosen with in-depth interviews in order to fully understand risk perception of nurses. Thanks to using the pre-prepared thoughtful open questions, a number of extensive answers could be collected that illustrate various themes of work. After processing the interviews a subsequent coding and categorization of data took place. These categories have also been used for a survey of the results in the discussion. Participants: Intentionally ten nurses of different ages, length of service, department, and finally, opinions and standpoints have been chosen. Interviewed nurses are working in one of the hospitals in Central Bohemia. Size of the study sample was determined by theoretical saturation of data. Results: The results of the research are divided into seven categories, according to the data. Nurses are aware of the risks they face. They are able to name, describe risky behavior and prevention mechanisms that prevent the onset of these risks. Nurses demonstrated basic knowledge regarding nosocomial infections, but in the barrier care there is still room for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and approaches that can help to reduce the frequency of nosocomial infections. Nurses are also aware of the risks that arise from excessive physical workload and they tend to eliminate them through sports. Another risk that nurses realized and considered as the most threatening, is the risk of sharp objects injuries. Although aware of this fact, the research shows that nurses do not comply with the preventive measures, despite they know them. Nurses have a rather negative attitude towards training regarding health and safety at work. This is due to poor quality in processing of such trainings. They have a positive attitude towards education, but they realize that trainings for general nurses which might be interesting are not for free and they take place usually during their free time. Conclusions and recommendations for practice: This work highlights the weak points in this topic and tries to look into the attitudes, feelings and concerns of nurses, which are related to the riskiness of such profession. Nurses should be aware of their importance to society and should take responsibility not only for performed procedures, but also for their own safety. Among the recommendations, which could minimize the risks associated with the performance of nursing profession, is the implementation of rigorous training of health and safety at work and quality of training provided by healthcare facilities.
|
|
|
Sticking to the principles of berrier nursing care as a prevention of infectious diseases transmitted by blood in selected wards.
CANDROVÁ, Eliška
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is "Compliance with the principles of barrier nursing care as a prevention of infectious diseases transmissible by blood in selected wards". The important part of nurses' work includes complying with the principles of barrier nursing care. By following these principles we prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections as well as professional infections transmitted by blood. The theoretical part of the thesis describes infectious diseases transmitted by blood, especially viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis C and AIDS. Another important chapter describes barrier nursing care. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a survey of nurses' compliance with the barrier nursing care principles in relation to the prevention of infectious diseases transmissible by blood in selected wards. The survey was carried out quantitatively, by the method of involved, hidden, direct observation. The observations were conducted from November 2013 to March 2015 and continuously recorded into a recording sheet. The survey was carried out in a selected hospital, where a total of 121 nurses in twelve wards were observed. Based on the results it is evident that the nurses do not fully respect the principles of barrier nursing care in all areas surveyed. The results of this thesis will be given to the head nurse of the hospital where the observations were made, and will serve as a basis for detecting weaknesses in compliance with the principles of barrier nursing care related to the prevention of infectious diseases transmissible by blood.
|
guest ::
