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Review of the biodiversity of tree species commensurate with the altitudes in the vicinity of chosen nature trails of National Parc and protected landscape area Šumava
BATOVCOVÁ, Martina
I studied the biodiversity of tree species along the nature trail: Kubova Huť (1003 meters above sea level) {--} top of the national natural reservation Boubínský prales (1363 m above sea level), in the different altitudes. I carried out the measuring by the transect method. I divided all the route into 8 imaginary line-levels which were distant about 50 m above sea level one from each other. On each level 6 transects were delimited at right angle to the direction of the trail: 3 on the right side and 3 on the left side of the trail, always with the distance of 10 m between each other. I delimited the square areas of 30 square meters as transects. In each transect I measured identified the kinds of given tree species. I also counted the regeneration of young seedlings in 1 m-neighbourhood of each tree. I counted also rotting wood and regeneration of young seedlings in its neighbourhood. I also took down the number of snags in this area and number of regeneration around these individuals.
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The influence of the type of post-mining areas restoration on biodiversity {--} the model group of small mammals.
MIKLAS, Bořek
One way to assess restoration success is to examine the biodiversity in the newly created areas. We chose small mammals as biodiversity indicators because of their good reproductive capacity and invasive ability. The aim of the study was to compare different types of restoration from the small mammal biodiversity perspective. Small mammals were captured five times during the 2004 season at spoil heap localities with various types of restoration: agricultural, forest and wetland, using standard methods of capturing with snap traps in lines and quadrates.
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The influence of type of post-mining areas restoration on vertebrates biodiversity - the model group of amphibians and reptiles
ZILVAROVÁ, Veronika
Surface mining affects all components and functions of landscape. The destruction of ecosystems results in declining variability of landscape structure, which means also lowering of biodiversity and ecological stability. Areas of spoil heaps are consecutively colonized by new groups of organisms, depending on type of reclamations of these areas. The aim of study is to describe diversity of reptiles and amphibians on sites after brown coal mining reclaimed in different ways (Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap, Smolnická spoil heap) and at several localities in Slavkovský les surroundings. Theoretical part contains literal review of reptiles and amphibians diversity. Practical part includes herpetological research at the localities. The presence of Bufo calamita, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Rana lesonae, Rana Temporaria,Rana esculenta,Hyla arborea,Pelobates fuscus, Trituris cristatus, Triturus vulgaris,Triturus alpestris, Lacerta agilis, Natrix natrix was proved by field study during the years 2009 ? 1010. The work creates a part of larger long-term study evaluating reclamations of landscape affected by surface mining of brown coal in Podkrušnohoří area. The results will be connected with another vertebratological studies at the locality. The theme is supported by NAZV QH82106 and NPV 2B08006 projects.
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The age sructure of the roach (Rutilus rutilus) population and the chevin (Leuciscus cephalus) population in the Blanice river
BLÁHA, Josef
The Blanice river has its spring in the Šumava Protected Landscape Reserve near Zlatá at an altitude of 972 m a.s.l. and empties in the Otava river near Putim at an altitude of 362 a.s.l. The size of its catchment area is 860,5 km2, the watercourse is 93,3 km and the flow rate at the confluence is 4,23 m3.s-1. The upper reaches of the Blanice has a typical submontane, trout character, which is disturbed by the Husinec reservoir (the water area is 68 ha, maximal depth 25,5 m). The lower two thirds of the river run through an array of ponds in the region of Vodňany and Protivín. This area is intensively cultivated by agricultural activities. These two factors play the major role the fact that the lower part of the river is strongly eutrophicated. This is also supported by the abundance survey, according to which the most abundant species are roach (Rutilus rutilus) and chub (Leuciscus cephalus). The survey was made at 9 localities encompassing the main biotope types in the longitudinal profile of the lower part of the Blanice in the region of Vodňany and Protivín. The harvests were carried out within a 50-meter section, always in the upstream direction towards the place that kept the fish from escape (a small weir, a knickpoint). The most abundant species {--} Rutilus rutilus and Leuciscus cephalus {--} were evaluated from the viewpoint of the age distribution of the population.
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Route belts as a organismus biotops
BABKA, Vladimír
Todays landscape is exposed to continually increasing human activities stress. The original biotopes are disturbed and fragmented from small to smaller segments. This fact can negatively influence the biodiversity. The railway line construction is a kind of such model, in this case its planed modernisation. This study deals with a railway embankment segment nr. 190 from Hluboká n. Vlt. to Zbudov. The aim of the work was to prove the railway line as an important and valuable biotope, which needs an enhanced attention. The vegetation biodiversity on four segments was studied. Totally 182 plant species were found with no rare species. The insect (beetles) species living in the wood of old trees were studied near the railway line. There were found 21 families with 52 beetle species where 3 species were rare. These important tree old stands were mapped too. The railway line history of this segment was processed too. The railway line creates a typical biotope with high vegetation biodiversity in this segment. The presence of the rare beetles living in the wood of old trees is more important.
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Monitoring of Occurence of Endangered and Protected Fish Species in Upper Blanice River basin
HANÁK, Radek
Fish community of the upper Blanice river basin was studied in eight localities between 62 and 77 river´s km. During the research in the year 2004-2006 was evidenced the occurrence of European crayfish (Astacus astacus) and the freshwater pearl musel (Margaritifera margaritifera). By the ichthyological research was found the occurence of thirteen species of fish and lampreys. In the public notice No. 395/1992 Sb. include Lampetra planeri into critically endangered and three endangered species (Lota lota, Phoxinus phoxinus, Cottus gobio). There are occured the allochtonous fish species Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhychus mykiss. The dominant kind is Salmo trutta morpha fario. The next species are Leuciscus cephalus, Leuciscus leuciscus, Thymallus thymallus, Barbatula barbatula. Evidently the allochthonous origin are Rutilus rutilus and Perca fluviatilis in this river basin. For the conservation and the biodivesity safeguarding is necessary to keep the extensive land management in this area and the sensibile catchment and do not affected the natural succesion of the watershed configuration by the adverse ameliorative effects.
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Rural villages as biocentres. Plants mapping utilization for biodiversity evaluation.
JURÁŠ, Jan
Rural villages are important elements in cultural landscape. Thanks his variety here often enact biocentres and make possible to existence wide spectrum of plant, that could occur in other places and by other conditions only rock hard. At present however happens under the thumb of wasteful management to typical provincial nature suppression and to extinction of some species. This work was bent on vegetation investigation in three villages in Volyňsko in district Strakonice. Ascertained kinds spectrum distinguish on the basis of many factors, for example location position, abiotic factors or way of management. To other subject of interest was derived, let us say invasive kinds occurrence as well as protected species. On the basis these results can tell, that the rural villages are in monotonous agricultural landscape significant biotope that it is necessary to protect.
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The belts along the roads as a biotope for organisms.
KRHUTOVÁ, Stanislava
The aim of the work was to describe the biodiversity of model groups of organisms (vascular plants, epigeic beetles and small mammals) in six transect crossing the two year old high way situated close to the town Písek (South Bohemia). The different methods were used for studied groups (phytocenological mapping, pitfall traps and mousetraps). The results documented the possibility of all studied organisms for the quick recolonization of new biotopes beside of the high way.
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Biodiversity protection in the Czech Republic
Jelínková, Eva ; Hadrabová, Alena (advisor) ; Remtová, Květa (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with an actual topic of animal and vegetal species extinction. It defines the term of biodiversity, discusses reasons why the diversity should be protected, what are its threats and how the diversity can be protected (obligatorily by law). There is introduced an overview of legislation for protection of biodiversity in the Czech Republic, specifically international treats adopted by the Czech Republic and laws. There are introduced changes which came about in context of entrance in European Union, mainly in law no. 114/1992 Sb., about protection of nature and country. The aim is to give an overview of the legislation which has been adopted in the Czech Republic to protect biodiversity because legal regulations are the only chance to bring moral sense of the Czechs to protect nature into reality.
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