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Methodological framework for integrated assessment of ecosystem services in the Czech Republic
Vačkář, David ; Frélichová, Jana ; Lorencová, Eliška ; Pártl, Adam ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Loučková, Blanka
EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 requires Member States in 2014 to map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in its national territory. At the same time, the economic value of these services should be assessed (Goal 2, Action 5, Improve knowledge of ecosystems and their services in the EU). In connection with this commitment we present methodology, which aims to provide a coherent conceptual framework and basic principles for the assessment and valuation of ecosystem services in the Czech Republic. The aim of the methodology is providing basic principles and procedures for assessing and monitoring the status of ecosystem services, especially with regard to the preparation and implementation of the national assessment of ecosystem services. The methodological framework for the assessment of ecosystem services in the Czech Republic supports the Ministry of the Environment as the basis for the development of strategies and policies in the field of biodiversity conservation, especially in relation to Section 79, para. 2 (a) of the Act no. 114/1992 Coll., On Nature and Landscape Conservation, as amended.
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Towards the issue of ecosystem services of small watercourses in the Czech Republic
Jakubínský, Jiří
Th e issue of ecosystem services represents a hot topic especially in connection with quantitative expression of their values and research of functions, which the landscape provides to a human society. Th e question of ecosystem values research is solved with a focus on the river landscape, defi ned as the ecosystem along watercourses whose functioning is directly conditioned by the presence of the hydrographical network. Since it is a very attractive area for the implementation of human needs, there is oft en what is seen as a confl ict between activities of human society and the eff ects of natural processes. Catchment areas of small watercourses or their parts which are specifi c in terms of mutually diff erent intensity of anthropogenic pressure on the landscape were selected as the model sites. Th e main aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the value of landscape ecosystem services – either usage of existing methodologies for ecosystem valuation, the rate of small watercourse degradation and changes in their natural parameters (morphology of the river channel and riparian zones).
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Valutation of ecosystem services provided by habitat on the basis of biodiversity characteristics and the rate and sustainability of selected ecosystem functions
Cudlín, Pavel ; Prokopová, Marcela ; Cudlín, O.
Increasing human impacts on ecosystems result in a continuous decrease in biodiversity; scientists try to estimate the consequences in ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service (ES) provision. A suitable space framework to study this relationship could be the habitat and its relative value expressed by the monetary valuation of a selected fi nal ES. A cross connection of the methods for ecosystem functioning assessment with biodiversity valuation of habitats would enable an estimation of the role of biodiversity in ES provision. It is necessary to identify not only present functioning, described by eff ect traits, but also its sustainability under global environmental change conditions, described by response traits. Th is approach could reveal the resilience and adaptation potential of present habitats to environmental change and subsequently potential changes in ES provision.
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Impact of the adjustment of the area of former tank training area on its ecosystem services
PAČKA, Jiří
The ecological value and the value of ecosystem services of the former military area in Čtyři Dvory in České Budějovice was evaluated in this thesis. The expert method of BVM (?Biotope Valuation Method?) and the Replacement Cost method (cost of technological alternative to ecosystem function) according to Seják et al. (2003, 2010) were applied. Four ecosystem services were evaluated: climatic service (evapotranspiration), little water cycle, oxygen production, and the support of biodiversity. For comparison, the sale price of the area and the ?recreation? value calculated by the contingent valuation (CV) method were also evaluated. The estimated sale price was 837 million CZK, which was by twelve-times higher than the ecological value estimated by the BVM method. Most of the area (57 %) was formed by the biotop XK4 ? pioneer shrub vegetation of atropogenic noncultivated areas with 13 points per m2. The most valuable biotop was V2.2 ? periodic waters with 44 points per m2, which formed 1.5 % of the examined area. The estimated value of ecosystem services was 1 372 millions CZK per year. The realization of all the planned construction projects on the examined area would lead to the depression of the ecological value according to the BVM method by 19.5 millions CZK and the depression of the value of the formerly mentioned four ecosystem services by 459 millions CZK.
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Impact of the intensive agriculture on the ecological functions of the landscape
MACH, Michal
This aim of this thesis was to compare the value of ecological functions of two areas with different intensity of the agricultural management. The expert methods of Seják et al. (2003, 2010) were used for the calculation of the ecological value of the area and of the value of ecosystem services. The BVM (Biotope Valuation Method) was used for the calculation of the ecological value. The Replacement Cost method was used for the calculation of the value of ecosystem services. The following services were evaluated: the flood-protective, production of the above-ground biomass, retention of the nutrients, support of biodiversity, production of oxygen, climatical service, and support of small water cycle. The rate of tillage was used as the indicator of the intensity of the agricultural management (25 % for the area I and 83 % for the area II), which corresponded to the proportion of natural biotops (60 biotops with total area of 108 ha in area I and 35 biotops with total area of 34 ha in area II).
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Energy-Water-Vegetation Based Environmental Accounting of Ecosystem Services and Stocks
Seják, J. ; Pokorný, J. ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Burešová, Renata ; Prokopová, Marcela
Human societies and their economies decisively depend on the life supporting functions and services of earth’s ecosystems (MEA 2005). Natural ecosystems protect against harmful cosmic radiation, continually control the composition of atmosphere, produce fertile soil and biomass, clear air and water, mitigate climate extremes, maintain biodiversity, decompose organic waste etc.
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