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Qulity of lipids in foods
Křivohlavá, Renata ; Doležal, Marek (advisor) ; Tvrzická, Eva (referee)
The title of the work is "Quality of lipids in food". The work is divided into two parts. The first is theoretical, the other is experimental. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first section describes general chemical composition and properties of lipids. This point is further divided into four sections, which are specifically focused on different groups of lipids. The second theoretical point of attention is focused on the importance of fat in the diet, the synthesis of fatty acids, lipid digestion and issues related to absorbancy and lipid transport. This section also contains a passage which refers to further dietary recommendations, among which highlights the question of the proper quantity and quality of fat contained in food. There are not omitted principles of proper use and storage of fat. The last section of this section deals with dietary supplements and functional foods from which the positive effect on human health is expected. The experimental part is based on chemical analysis of twenty samples of dietary supplements containing n-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, especially myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease. In the screening of these products, attention was focused on the content of...
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Current situation regarding the sources and intake of selenium in European population
Půtová, Lucie ; Čadková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Křivská, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the current dietary recommendations and the actual intake of selenium from food for the European inhabitants, divided into 6 appropriate regions. Above all, the thesis deals with the issue of the sources of this element and possible ways of its supplementation. Part of this thesis is also the identification of areas in which there is a risk of low intake of selenium, and at the same time there the reasons for this deficit are adressed.
In the introduction selenium is characterized as a trace biogenic element that has physical and chemical properties, which affect the organism of each individual. Selenium can have a wide range of positive effects, but at the same time, of course, its toxicity needs to be taken into account. For this reason, in this study space was devoted to diseases that selenium may cause in cases of non-compliance with the recommended amount of intake.
The amount of the intake of selenium depends mainly on its content in the soil. The concentration of selenium differs according to the geographical conditions of individual regions, which are described in the main part of this thesis. Each region contains a different amount of selenium in soil and consequently in animal and plant products. According to my knowledge from the study of literature, another very important factors is the availability of certain foods, such as fish, which are rich in selenium and thus greatly increase concentration of selenium in the daily diet for several states. The focus was also given to countries, that don't have food rich in selenium, and thus, continue to seek the best possible form of supplementation.
This thesis shows the total comparison of the daily intake of selenium in the specific states of Europe. The results have shown that the most stable intake of this element occurs on the territory of the South Europe. They are mainly coastal states and there is a very good availability of fish products mentioned before. By contrast, in south-eastern Europe it is evident that due to the low financial possibilities the problem of selenium deficit is not dealt with and it is assumed that there may occurr a decline in intake of this element in the diet.
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Statistical analysis of changes in nutrition and health of Czech Republic population
Syrová, Věra ; Prášilová, Marie (advisor) ; Dlubalová, Zuzana (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the statistical analysis of food consumption in years
1994 to 2014 and its prediction. It is also focused on the development of serious civilization diseases in years 2000 to 2014.
The theoretical part describes the basic concepts related to healthy eating, food categories and theirs main components. The theoretical part also describes the nutritional pyramid and dietary guidelines issued by the Nutrition Society. Furthermore, the theoretical part presents demographic indicators and serious civilization diseases associated with a poor diet. The Bachelor thesis also includes demographic characteristics of the Czech Republic population, population consumer expenditure and their health.
In the practical part are, because of the description of the evaluation development analysed indicators, determined their basic fundamental characteristics. The practical part also include the forecasts of analysed food consumption in the next five years. After that are the achieved results discussed with diet recommendations according to whether their consumption is excessive or insufficient. The conclusion contains the results summary of the analysis and defined suggestions and recommendations for change habits of the Czech population regarding proper nutrition and healthy lifestyles.
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Vliv výživy matky na vývoj plodu
Vašková, Petra
This thesis deals with the importance of the diet of pregnant women during pregnancy on the developing fetus. Sufficient and proper nutrition before and during pregnancy is important to allow fetal growth, to mental and intellectual development of the full potential. Nutrition affects fetal health during childhood and adulthood, with possible impact on the next generation. It is emphasized the importance of essential nutrients, macroelements and microelements, which are important in pregnancy, along with diet recommendations. Unbalanced, inadequate or, conversely, excessive intake of individual food components, or consumption of risk aliment may lead, for example, to congenital malformations, low birth weight, in serious cases even to abortion. The main goal of this thesis is to describe the importance of the individual components of the diet in pregnancy, give current scientific information on the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal development, assess the risks, arising from the lack or excess of certain ingredients and propose a recommended daily dose of nutrients.
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Methods for assessment of body composition
Krátká, Veronika ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the composition of the human body and methods of its analysis. The theoretical part is focused on basic food nutrients, nutrition recommendations, energy needs of the organism, body composition and methods for determining body composition. The experimental part contains a comparison of two methods for determining body composition – a method of bioelectrical impedance and a method NIR-spectrometry. Other section is devoted to a study of the eating habits of group of students, consisting of evaluation of diets and the questionnaires.
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Gastrointestinal diseace of senior people in relation to lifestyle
TICHÁ, Anděla
Main thought of this work is research of digestive apparatus of senior people in relation to (healthy) lifestyle. In introduction I explain basic terms connected with nutrition, health, illness and prevention. In the next chapter I put attention to identify health condition and signals that human body gives when it not getting all that it needs. The content part of this work is focused on determinants that influence our health. I put attention to complex point of view. Reader will get information what is the optimal drinking regime, what macronutrition and micronutrition body needs, what it the categorization of those and what food we can get those from. I go to detail in needs of movement, rest, sleep and mental hygiene. This material generalizes actual needs of healthy lifestyle that can be used as help, to build and to strengthen in long term right habits for health and vitality.
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The eating habits of primary school pupils
VONEŠ, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with the eating habits of a group of 50 pupils of 9th grade in the age of 14-15 of primary school of John Amos Comenius in Blatná. Detects eating habits and food preferences of the basic questionnaire. Energy intake of 30 pupils of 9th grade was determined weekly processing of their diet. The aim of this work was as accurately as possible to find out how puberty in the age of 14-15 currently eat and what their caloric intake throughout the week is. The results of the survey are entered in the tables and food preferences graphically illustrated in the practical part. At the weekly menus were the values entered in the tables and added value of BMI. The data show that boys or girls are below the recommended nutritional values.
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Eating habits of children and youth in selected schools
OHEROVÁ, Martina
Over the last decade, there is an enormous increase in the number of children and young people with health problems due to the non-compliant boarding. This is not only about overweight or obesity, the problem is much broader spectrum - diseases such as diabetes mellitus 2nd type, high blood pressure, high level of cholesterol and other cardiovaskular problems do not affect only adults anymore. This work is focused on primary school pupils and high school students, on finding their eating habits and the following comparison. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes the basic data describing the quality of eating in the world and in the Czech population and also describes the charakteristics of contemporary boarding. This section also emphasizes the importance of diet for a child´s body in various stages of development, including the intrauterine one. Of course also serves dietary guidelines, both the preferences of specific dietary components and the frequency of meals, distribution of energy intake during the day etc. It also briefly describes the various dietary components and their function in the body, describes the different ways to check the status of human nutrition and the conclusion is devoted to the pathology of child nutrition. The practical part contains the results of research that were gathered through the method of questioning, using questionaires. The data were collected anonymously. Questionnaires were distributed to 7th and 9th classes of primary school and the first and third grades of secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Respondents answered a total of 15 questions, two of which were open. Of the 65 questionnaires (100%) distributed to elementary school returned 55, 2 of them had to be excluded due to incompleteness, a total of 53 - 82% return. At high school, it was also distributed 65 questionnaires (100%), returned 54 - 83% return. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary habits of children and adolescents, and to assess whether positive approach to healthy nutrition tend to have younger pupils in primary schools, which are still under the powerful influence of parents, or whether the food more cares older high school youth. Based on this goal I set two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: There are differences in the diet on selected primary and secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Hypothesis 2: High school youth do not eat in accordance with the food pyramid. After subsequent testing of hypotheses it was proved that differences between primary school pupils and secondary school students actually exist. Surprisingly, the better rating in the test had high school students. Those, besides a consumption of alcohol, have better eating habits - they have regular meals, breakfast was more in line with dietary recommendations, more frequently attend a school canteen, the majority has not been shown to be regularly active smoking etc. At both schools, without distinction, occurred more serious shortcomings in the consumption of fruit and vegetables, there also was a relatively high number of students who have ever tried tobacco and alcohol consumption. In addition to the hypotheses, I also compared the differences in responses depending on gender of respondents and correlation between the resulting score of questionnaire and Body Mass Index which I calculated on the basis of height and weight. Between boys and girls were shown minimal differences, concerning rather morning snacks (girls prefer healthier foods) and more active interest in a healthy lifestyle by girls again. Relationship between Body Mass Index and resulting scores in the questionnaire was not demonstrated. This work may serve to school teachers as a study material in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as parents of children and adolescents to broaden knowledge of this issue.
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Quality of lifestyle of students on the Faculty of Health and Social Studies.
HLÁSKOVÁ, Kamila
The aim of the thesis was a research focused on the general assessment of the lifestyle of students studying at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies. The theoretical part is focused on the definition of the main notions and relations resulting from the topic Work. It contains knowledge from the last decade which is related to the basic aspects of the lifestyle, such as health, nutrition, physical activity, stress, smoking, alcohol and other addictive drugs. The practical part is devoted to the research and evaluation of the questionnaire which has been aimed at these problematic areas.
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The Rules of a Healthy Diet and the Dietary Measures for Dealing with Relapsing Infections of the Urinary Tract and Kidneys.
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Andrea
The theoretical part of the thesis presents the current knowledge about functional anatomy and pathology of kidneys and the urinary tract, infections of the urinary tract, their etiopathogenesis, epidemiology and classification. The thesis also describes the issue of the diet therapy in nephrology, namely the general principles of dietary measures, a diet to deal with acute and chronic infections, and prevention through diet. The practical part deals with a quantitative research. The data were collected by the method of inquiring, using a technique of questionnaires. The research results show whether the respondents, i.e. patients suffering from relapsing infections of the urinary tract, are aware of the appropriate dietary regimen and of the fluid intake, suitable and unsuitable kinds of fluids, as well as the diet composition and the meals that are recommended for exclusion from the diet. The data obtained in the actual research demonstrated insufficient knowledge of patients suffering from infections of the urinary tract about dietary measures, and disconfirmed the main hypothesis.
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