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Methods used to determination of quantity of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and similar synanthropic birds
Semrádek, Jan ; Šmejdová, Lucie (advisor) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
Population of many synanthropic species of birds is decreasing in a lot of European countries including the Czech Republic. This decrease is apparent especially in urban areas. Cause of this decrease has not been entirely specified. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate possible factors affecting bird population. One of the influencing factors could be the size of observed territory. During nesting season of 2014, research monitoring 11 bird species was carried out in 10 villages of Kladno county. The species of birds are House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), European Greenfinch (Carduelis chloris), European Serin (Serinus serinus), Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros), European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Common Linnet (Carduelis cannabina), White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) and Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Birds were counted on several counting plots in different types of habitat. Aim was to inspect effect of habitat on abundance of bird species. The results show, that type of habitat had effect on most of the bird species. This outcome corresponds with some of the former studies.
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Ecological aspects of the energy use of wood chips
Ručová, Karolína ; Štícha, Václav (advisor) ; Jankovský, Martin (referee)
Currently, the importance of renewable energy sources (RES) is much higher than before. Among the most important RES we rank biomass, which consists of more than half of produced energy from renewable sources. Using biomass increases the utilization of wood fuels and greater emphasis is placed on their processing requirements. The purpose of this study is to assess the ecological parameters that affect the use of wood chips for energy purposes, based on a comparison of existing norms and standards. The first part is focused on theoretical use of wood waste and subsequent utilization of therefrom made fuel. Subsequently there is evaluated the use of fuel for energy purposes in practice. The work also includes examining factors (calorific value, humidity, etc.) affecting the quality of biofuels in different seasons. The contribution of this work is to document the flow of wood waste, proving the benefits of recycling wood waste and recommendation for action in the future.
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The growth and survival of juvenile freshwater pearl mussel in respect to food resources
Mastíková, Jana ; Douda, Karel (advisor) ; Matasová, Klára (referee)
The survival of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) depends on the protection and preservation of the suitable biotypes that is why it is necessary to know its requirements for environmental conditions. This species indicates the quality of suitable biotypes with its specific requirements for food and environment. During its life, the freshwater pearl mussel is undergoing complicated development cycle and in each phase it has different requirements for food. In the juvenile phase, it is very sensitive to quality of environment as well as quality and composition of its food, which consists of organogenic detritus, which is mainly decomposed mass of vegetable and animal origin together with bacteria. Its food arises in river basin areas as well as in river spring areas-from where it is carried downstream by a river and so pearl mussels may ingest it filtering the water.
This highly specialized species that is sensitive to environmental changes, especially within its juvenile life phase, is very important as to its bio-indicating ability. The experimental part of this work was focused on the evaluation of the detritus carrying-capacity performed by the bio-indication method ex-situ in a laboratory out of its natural environment. For evaluating the carrying-capacity and quality of the tested detritus under optimal temperature conditions ex-situ for 10 days, there were used juvenile pearl mussels from a semi-natural breeding. The tested samples of detritus were collected according to the standard procedures in the summer 2015 from the locality of Blanice river spring area. There were collected totally 100 samples of detritus from 100 spring areas. The goal was to evaluate the growth of shells of juveniles depending on physico-chemical properties of the sample. The main analyzed data were the value of the pearl mussel growth and detritus parameters - pH, conductivity and altitude of the springs.
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Mollusca of the Czech Republic
Rindtová, Dita ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Křivská, Daniela (referee)
The Bachelor work Mollusca of the Czech Republic deals with basic information about molluscs occurring in the Czech Republic. In the research part of my work I deal with the anatomy of their bodies, shells and life cycles characteristic for the main representatives. In general characterization the work mentions endangered species listed in the Red List. Furthermore, the research part deals with ecology focused on shellfish incidence depending on the conditions of the ecosystem, introduction, and the methods of mollusc importance to humans.
The aim of the practical part was a faunal survey of selected localities contaminated by a man. This research was carried out in selected localities near the town of Příbram. It was the firsta research focused on the incidence of molluscs in these areas. The methodology of sample collection was carried out according to common methods of collecting molluscs and it is more specified in the work.
The own research was focused on characterisation of the areas (5 localities) where the collection was carried out. Thus there was formed a systematic overview of acquired kinds of terrestrial representatives according to designated habitats, taxonomic classification and specific characterisation of the species. A total of 514 individuals were processed belonging to 26 species of molluscs. The most numerous family had Vrásenkovití (Discidae) where the number of representatives climbed to 82 individuals. On the contrary Oxychilidae family, Skleněnkovití (Vitrinidae) and Melampovití (Ellobiidae) occured the least. There was found only one individual of each family.
In the last part of my work I deal with comparison of my research to the previous research carried out in Kokořínsko Reserve. This area has similar climatic conditions and the features of the ecosystems. The result of the comparison corresponds to the variability of the species found here.
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Reintroduction of Grey wolf in the USA
Myslivcová, Markéta ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
This bachelors study Reintroduction of Grey wolf in the USA summarizes known facts about species Grey wolf (Canis lupus) in its first part. It describes problems in taxonomic system, lists wolf subspecies, describes its natural home range and habitat, morphology, social behavior and pack structure, ethology, reproduction and process of raising wolf pups, hunting techniques, eating habits, and wolf and human relationships.
Wolves as top predators play a key role in natural ecosystem and a big part of this work focuses on benefits of wolf presence in natural habitat. These benefits are for example higher biodiversity and natural balance. The second part of the paper focuses on wolves in the USA. It describes in detail a history of wolf presence in the lower 48 states, the causes of wolf eradication caused by humans, and following controversial reintroduction. It describes the recovery of Eastern timber wolf, Mexican wolf, and the recovery of Grey wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains in detail. Creation of the endangered species act in 1973 triggered the wolf reintroduction in the USA. The purpose of the Endangered species act, as described by the congress, is to reestablish a population of a species listed as endangered and to protect its natural habitat. The Grey wolf was listed ad endangered in 1974, and plans of reintroduction started to form immediately. This work describes the process of reintroduction, its impact on the environment, and also problems it brings to the society. These problems are for example depredation of livestock, danger to pets and possible decline of game species as elk and deer . It also describes current population size and population management
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Documentation of Natural park Džbány - Žebrák (Czech Republic)
Suková, Hana ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the documentation Nature Park Džbány - Žebrák. The aim of this work is its field documentation, which is focused on peak Džbány, wooded ridge top Žebrák, Kališťské louky and Louky u Budenína. At the same time it will also cover the biodiversity of individual sites. This thesis consists of two parts, namely the theoretical and the practical. The introduction of the theoretical part is devoted to the Nature Park Džbány - Žebrák, both its history - that his legal establishment - and its very definition. Subsequently, the conditions for the protection of the park will be described. In general, then I will mention the management of the nature parks. This theoretical part is followed by the practical part, which in the beginning will focus on vegetation of Nature Park Džbány - Žebrák and its characteristics. Here I will build mainly on the fieldwork research of Ochrana fauny ČR, which was carried out during the years 2007 to 2010. This is completed by my knowledge of the field documentation, which I made from 19 to 21 April 2014 and from 19 to 20 July of the same year, led by the manager of the micro-region Ing. Eliška Melicharová. After characterizing the natural vegetation of the park a part of the work is also devoted to botanical inventory of Nature Park Džbány -- Žebrák, which was performed in the already mentioned research of Ochrana fauny ČR. Naturally, neither mammals, nor amphibians, nor birds, which occur in Nature Park Džbány - Žebrák, will be left out. The work also focuses on the economy of the micro-region Džbány, which I consulted with Ing. Eliška Melicharová on 25 October 2014 and with Miloš Tomeš, the chairman of Družstvo Džbány, in early 2015.
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The alternative energy concept of a selected family house as an investment purpose
Musilová, Radka ; Malý, Michal (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
The master thesis proposes economically convenient combination of heating devices focusing to reduce the operating costs of a house. The thesis consists of three main parts. Methodology, literal review and practical part. The description of each method used in practical path is provided in methodic part. Literal review summarizes basic facts of each energetic sources alternative as well as their support from Czech government. Then, the topics: energetic consumption of a building, investment process, decision criteria and stochastic prediction are discussed. In practical part, several devices to decrease building power consumption are designed. Based on multi criterial analysis including economic aspects together with e.g. environmental policy, the fireplace stoves with heat exchange unit for heating combined with the solar collectors for heating water when stoves are not sufficient is selected as best option. Finally, this device is reviewed from economic view using dynamic methods including inflation and prediction of power sources prices.
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Design of Urban Electric Vehicle
Lakomý, Vlastimil ; Jelenčík, Branislav (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
Theme of the diploma thesis is design of an urban electric car. The main aim of my diploma thesis is to create a concept of a vehicle which will benefit from advantages of utility vehicles and small urban cars . In my thesis I think about using of ecological materials, effective production technologies and requirements for car in present.
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Interventions in the streets - food waste
SCHENK, Radek
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of street art and the problems of excessive food waste. The aim of this work is to define both of these problems and in the practical part to create artifact linking the two themes in critical notice readily available to a wider audience. Content of theoretical part is focused on the associated ways of art in public space and their core personalities. The topic of food waste tries to capture most factors which contribute to this problem. The main contribution is the definition of street art and comparison of different types of food problems by location and local customs. Based on the collected data it is possible to proceed with the issue personally responsibly or to work with data further, whether educative way or other artistic projects.
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Enviromental responsibility in pre-schoool education
ŠTÍPKOVÁ, Jana
ABSTRAKT The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and it deals with a general description of the term of enviromental education. The effort of the first part is to summarize the main trends and approaches in enviromental education. This part of the thesis is based on the study of technical literature and it becomes the base for the processing of the second crucial part. The core of the practical application part of the thesis are suggestions of practical training which aim is to lead to environmental responsibility. The practical part is divided into projects with these themes: Water, Forest, Meadow, Waste, Garden in kindergarten and Animals. These projects can be realized gradually during the school year which is called "the Year of the Elf Medovníček". The Elf Medovníček is a character that accompanies children in kindergarten during the school year. The practical part also contains photographs illusrtating the activities. An example of teaching methods and their didactic description is stated to each project. The objective of the thesis is not only to sketch and sum up the approaches to environmental education, but also to process practical outputs and subjects by studying the bases of enviromental approaches and literature. The practical outputs and subjects should give children insight into the practical enviromental education. This diploma thesis makes the efforts to highlight the fact that not only knowledge of nature and environmental topics, but mainly love and esteem for it may raise environmentally responsible person.
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