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Identification of Z-linked genes for the study of sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera
PROVAZNÍK, Jan
Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have a WZ/ZZ (female/male) sex chromosome system or its numerical variants. The non-recombining W chromosome is largely formed by heterochromatin, composed of repetitive DNA and almost free of genes. Its use for evolutionary studies is thus limited due to fast molecular divergence. Whereas the Z chromosome resembles to autosomes; it is rich in genes and thus expected to be more conserved. In this study, the Z-linked genes with available DNA sequence information are summarized in order to give reference to suitable candidates for the study on evolutionary history of sex chromosomes in Lepidoptera. The use of Zlinked genes to test current hypotheses on the origin of the lepidopteran W chromosome is also discussed.
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Origin of sociality in mongooses (\kur{Carnivora, Herpestidae})
MICHÁLKOVÁ, Jana
The origin, evolutionary polarity and possible causes of sociality in Herpestidae (Carnivora) are not clear. In this study, I compiled data matrix of 48 ontogenetic, reproductive, ecological and behavioural characters of mongooses. I used parsimonny optimization of the character states onto phylogenetic tree for reconstruction of the ancestral condition , and I examined the role of ecological factors and changes in body mass in social evolution in mongooses.
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Evolution of coloration in the Galliformes
VALENZOVÁ, Zdeňka
The coloration of plumage and ornaments in the groups Numididae, Odonthophoridae and Phasianidae (within the order Galliformes) was detailled described and analyzed. The ecological factors affecting the evolution of dichromatism and conspicuousness were tested.
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Historical evolution view on the substance of the light
ANDERL, Jan
The principle of the seminar work is to create the skilled text which could be used such as educational material for other students to they can better understand to the evolution of opinions on the substance of the light. The work is composed from the five parts. Each part is enplaining the view of the scientists on the substance of the light from the certain period. The first part is connected to the era of the antiquity {--} the period of the first contentions about the substance of the light. The second part is intent on the era from the fifth century (Optical theory) to the nineteen century (Young theory ). The third part refers to the 20th century. The fourth part apply to the present, to the newest researches and work in the sphere of the light. The fifth part is created by the biographies of the most meaningful people who have been working on the question about the substance of the light.
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