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Winery wastewater treatment
Horňák, David ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
Wastewater management is a current topic for wineries, as wastewater treatment accounts for a large part of operating costs. Currently, technologies based on biological processes are mostly used to treat wastewater from wineries. However, these have a number of drawbacks, such as higher investment and operating costs, a large footprint or the requirement for the necessary technical knowledge of the operators. This paper deals with the selection of an economically less demanding technology for the treatment of winery wastewater and the experimental assessment of its efficiency with respect to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Photo-Fenton oxidation was selected based on a thorough literature search. The Box-Behnken design was used to design of the experiment. Based on the experiment, the optimum operating conditions were found to be temperature 25 °C, pH 3, Fe2+ ion amount 20,2 mg/l, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio 64 and reaction time 3 h. The achievable COD removal efficiency is 11,8 %, which is not consistent with the values reported in the literature. The main reason for the low efficiency could be the insufficient intensity of the UV radiation used. Further research could build on the optimal conditions found and address the shortcomings of this experiment.
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Monitoring the effectiveness of selected adsorbents in removing AOX from water
Rutarová, Natálie ; Kotzurová, Iveta (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The diploma thesis was created in cooperation with the company Art Carbon and is focused on monitoring the effectiveness of ART SAND adsorbents in removing AOX from water. The theoretical part provides an overview and basic characteristics of AOX, their impact on the environment and the possibility of their removal. The experimental part is focused on the study of the effectiveness of selected adsorbents with the subsequent use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. Two ART SAND, ASSP50 and ASPP50-X adsorbents, supplied by ArtCarbon, were selected 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol to monitor adsorption.
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Impacts of the realization of investments in water infrastructure on the development of small municipalities
Přibylová, Michaela ; Hupková, Martina (advisor) ; Punčochář, Pavel (referee)
PŘIBYLOVÁ, M. (2015): Impacts of the realization of investments in water infrastructure on the development of small municipalities. Master thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Prague, pp. 120. This thesis deals with the disposal of waste water in small municipalities. The theses addresses the impacts that may be caused by investment in the construction of water infrastructure. This investment is very expensive for small municipalities and could lead them into debt. The question to be answered is whether the construction of facilities for wastewater treatment is really important for small municipalities (and their development) and if it should be done in compliance with the EU directive. The task of the study is to assess the current situation of the requirement to build a system of wastewater treatment in small municipalities in Czechia. The study is written from the perspective of a social geographer and in particular in an economic and developing point of view. The theses is also trying to suggest an alternative and cheaper solution. The impacts of these investments could be identified on the basis of the relevant review of the literature and thanks to the responses from the interviews which were conducted both with...
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Project of a natural wastewater treatment plant for the municipality of Hvozd
Šenková, Lucie ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The topic to Diploma Thesis is design of Biological Wastewater Treatment for 450 PE in Hvozd Commune (Region Olomoucký). First part is dedicated to description of multiple possible variants of design. In the following part is more detailed described chosen technology. Except from description of technology are also shown parameters calculations proposal. Some of the main reasons for preference of Biological Wastewater Treatment are low maintenance requirements, independence of energy supply or possibility of future sludge treatment. Foundational materials for the design were first, Local Zoning Plan which describes current and future drainage and wastewater disposal situation. Second, study aims at parameters calculations of French system. Project documentation is part and parcel of this thesis. Documentation will also be a basis for planning building permission.
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Membrane Bioreactor Technology for Greywater Treatment in the Laboratory and Real Conditions
Velikovská, Kristýna
Wastewater reuse is one of the signs discussed topics leading to sustainable water management. Separation and recycling of wastewater already at the level of households and other residential or operational buildings could be considered as a key approach of modern conceptual development concerning the perception of waste as a resource. The aim of this paper is to present and compare the results from testing membrane technology (membrane bioreactor, MBR) for greywater treatment in the laboratory and real conditions water reuse at the household level.
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Elimination of nanoplastics by cavitation and advanced oxidation processes
Kluknavská, Júlia ; Burda, Radim (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
Táto práca sa zaoberá znečistením životného prostredia mikro a nanoplastami a ich možnou likvidáciou. Práca pozostáva z rešeršnej a experimentálnej časti. V rámci rešerše je opísaná problematika mikro a nanoplatov z hľadiska ich vzniku, disperzie do životného prostredia a živých organizmov. V závere rešeršnej časti sú opísané súčasné možnosti eliminácie mikro a nanoplastov pri čistení odpadových vôd. Súčasné riešenia sú založené prevažne na filtrácii, ktorá však zo svojej podstaty nemôže byť absolútna. Bol vyslovený predpoklad, že pomocou zariadenia CaviPlasma by bolo možné eliminovať mikro a nanoplasty z odpadových vôd. Cieľom práce bolo experimentálne overiť tento predpoklad. Skúšobnou vzorkou bola suspenzia vody a polyamidových častíc, ktorá bola následne vystavená pôsobeniu kavitácie a plazmového výboja. Pri experimente nedošlo ku zničeniu častíc a ani ich k viditeľnému porušeniu. Ukázalo sa však, že plazmový výboj môže iniciovať zhlukovanie sa častíc až do takej miery, že sú pozorovateľné kontinuálne štruktúry mikroplastov. Tento jav by mohol byť potenciálne prospešný pri zachytávaní mikročastíc filtráciou.
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Methods for separation of ammonia from waste water
Bajzík, Martin ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the methods of separation of Ammonia from the wastewater. The introduction of the thesis defines Ammonia, its characteristics, natural sources, production and utilization of it. The main part of the thesis describes and rates the twelve methods used for the separation of Ammonia from the wastewater. There is a description of a principle, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods in consideration of their utilization in practice, by each technology. In the experimental part of the thesis are described the outcomes of efficiency measurements of the stripping device and their comparison with the results stated in scientific literature. The thesis represents the primar overview and introduction into the theme for laymen and experts, who are unfamiliar with the topic and would like to examine it.
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Reuse of wastewater in multifunctional buldings
Skřička, Jakub ; Úterský, Michal (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis presents reader with current knowledge in the field of gray wastewater reuse. The theoretical part describes the current state of water in the world, thus characterizes wastewater and describes its treatment. Further, this section describes the possibility of obtaining thermal energy from wastewater. At the end of the theoretical part, the reader is presented with some existing buildings in the Czech Republic that use the wastewater re-use technology system. In the following practical part, all the knowledge from the theoretical part are applied for a concrete project of construction of a graywater re-use technology system in the area of Vlněna in Brno city.
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Optimization of the coagulation procedure for wastewater treatment
Švábová, Martina ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of the determination of the chemical oxygen demand in the test tubes and the optimization of the coagulation process for the external company. COD is one of the basic analysis for all types of water, although there are numerous environmentally-unfriendly agents in case of using a standard version produced. Therefore, an alternative method of using the test tubes was used, the procedure of which has been modified from ČSN ISO 15705 and is now available to the public. The aim was also to optimize the coagulation process in the treatment of wastewater from an industrial paintshop. The minimum dose of coagulating agent occurring in the instructions for usage was disproved and the pH value at which aluminium sulfate as a coagulating agent was proposed.
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Posouzení stavu a návrh optimalizace technologie neutralizační stanice ČOV v provozovně Prym Consumer CZ s.r.o.
SKUHROVEC, Tomáš
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of wastewater treatment generated from the inter-operation and final processes of electroplating. In the theoretical part, the reader gets acquainted with the current legislation in the field of wastewater treatment, which must be considered when we deal with water management. In connection with the influence of the mentioned production operations on the formation of hazardous waste of gaseous, solid and liquid state thegreat emphasis is placed on the categorization of waste water according to the type of harmful substances and the technique of their processing in the system of divided water management. The most important chemical or mechanical cleaning procedures are explained in this thesis, conditioned by the specific composition of the waste water where the knowledge is very necessary. Treatise on minimizing the production of waste from individual galvanic and associated production operations is attached for a possible suggestionof optimizing the operation of a wastewater treatment plant. From an economic and ecological point of view, it is equally important to pay attention to both wastewater treatment and the processes in which they are generated. In this area, optimization interventions are often more effective than at their own wastewater treatment plant. The practical part deals with the assessment of the efficiency of cleaning the internal wastewater treatment plant in the company called PRYM CONSUMER CZ s.r.o. The assessment was based on the theoretical basis of available cleaning techniques, local investigation and chemical analysis of wastewater. The operation of a galvanic line with a narrow focus on a two-stage economic rinse required a special approach. The bulk of the economic rinse was destined for disposal during the local investigation. This non-standard procedure significantly increases the level of wastewater pollution. The technological balance calculation of the recovery of the economic rinse was carried out in its whole volume based on the results of the chemical analysis. The material balance assessed possible benefits in the surface treatment workshop and the internal wastewater treatment plant. Subsequently, the design of the solution for the return of the economic rinsing to the galvanic bath was carried out. Despite the increased material load, the neutralization station achieved good cleaning efficiencies during the 2017-2018 period. The average concentration of Ni2+ ion was 0.059 ? 0.03 mg.1-1, F- = 6.5 ? 4.1 mg.l-1, NL = 3.5 ? 1.9 mg.l-1 and a pH of 9.04 ? 0.4. In the control profile of the neutralization station, the contractually agreed pollution limit values were not exceeded. Additional analysis of RAS did not comply with the sewerage regulations in two cases, namely by 10 mg.l-1 (March 17, 2017) and 650 mg.l-1 (September 1, 2017), the average concentration was 1792.5 ? 404.7 mg.l-1. The results were consistent with the suggested wastewater treatment technology and technique. From the balance calculation was found out that the gradual return of the two-stage economic rinsing to the galvanic bath reduces the annual production of RAS 1,037 kg. The total annual production of sludge will decrease 3,754.6 kg and the total annual operating costs of the galvanic line will decrease CZK 178,590. The results of this work will be used by PRYM CONSUMER CZ s.r.o. in the Optimization of Neutralization Plant Operations Savings Project.
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