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Cleaning effect of unconventional filtration materials
Fialová, Tereza ; Hynánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Constructed wetlands and the soil filters are water treatment devices using the filter material that in most cases consists of natural river gravel, coarse sand or crushed stone. Master´s thesis deals with the research of cleaning effect of unconventional filtration materials, or more precisely with examination to load real waste water in a filtration column, to prove their ability to be used as an alternative medium that can ensure better cleaning effect. For the research work following metallurgical industry materials were used: fine slag and coarse slag 8-16 mm, materials from the natural character: zeolite, keramzit, a plastic material: PUR-foam. Also the traditional materials of fine gravel and coarse gravel were tested to compare the cleaning efficiency. Both the hydraulic and the cleaning efficiency of all above mentioned materials were tested. The examined hydraulic parameters are particularly porosity, hydraulic conductivity and suspended solids, turbidity and oxidation-reduction potential of both the inflow and outflow of the filter columns were determined. Accredited laboratory set the inflow and outflow of the filter columns BOD5, CODCr, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and dissolved oxygen. By evaluating the results of the measurements it is determined which materials are suitable to be applied in the constructed wetlands and the soil filters. This filtration column was modeled by program HYDRUS and the result was compared with real results.
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The Research on Regeneration of the Filter Material, used in the Soil Filters and Constructed Wetlands
Burešová, Hana ; Rozkošný,, Miloš (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The thesis consists of two basic parts. The first research part creates an introduction to the root zone wastewater treatment plants. It contains mainly causes of filter environment colmation and its theoretical solution methods, which are further solved in the laboratory. The master’s thesis attempts to find a simple way, which would in future be possible to evaluate the rate of sedimentation of the sludge material, which causes filtration environment colmation. Results of developed methodology will be used in practice by washing colmated filtration material, respectively colmatant separation in sedimentation tank. The thesis focuses to verify the possibility flocculation and mineralization of sludge, which adheres to the surface of the filtration material. The solution lies in the observation of sedimentation rate (after previous dilution) using by the turbidimetric method, based on the beam-column passage through muddy water. The results show that it is not critical ambient temperature, but the time effect of natural mineralization in combination with moisture (dry matter concentration, the amount of water). The present thesis evaluates the possibilities and application method, leading to the natural regeneration of the filtration material exposed to natural climatic conditions.
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Hydraulic optimization of horizontal sand catcher
Kulička, Rostislav ; Šálek,, Jan (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This work is focused on the development control system flow area in a standardized horizontal sand trap in the Czech Republic used the majority of constructed wetlands for the capture of solid mineral particles. The goal is the development and validation functions of the flow regulator, providing more uniform process of establishment of mineral particles, respectively. reduction of sedimentation of organic components. The actual design precedes the mathematical description through the HEC-RAS, the results are applied in the design of a laboratory model. Work processes theoretically the standardized sand traps, focuses on the comparison of the required residence time of wastewater in the sedimentation area of establishment with the sedimentation time of sand grain on the selected diameter of 0.8 mm. In laboratory conditions were carried out build sand trap model itself, as well as developed a regulatory element. After resolving structural measurements were taken and compared the results with the ideal state. For putting the controller into practice, when an application is planned at the constructed wetlands in Dražovice village, it will have to the most accurate setting of the regulator.
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Composting of sewage sludge of small producers
Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava ; Hynánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This thesis deals with the composting of sewage sludge and wetland plants biomass wasted from treatment wetlands. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of technical information from authors who deal with the topic of sewage sludge and composting. The introductory part provides basic information about the issue compost and composting. The theoretical part of this thesis is followed by the practical part. The practical part is divided into two research projects. The first one is focuses on methodology of building compost from waste materials such as sewage sludge and wetland plants biomass. The second one deals with the testing and usability soil moisture sensors mostly used to monitoring of the compost humidity. The research work is focused on soil moisture sensors calibration. The measurement results will be statistically analyzed and used for further work with soil sensors of compost. Results of the work can serve materials for operators and owners of treatment wetlands. This solution would lead to a significant reduction of operating costs when is considered sludge management.
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Design parameters of filtration materials for small constructed wetlands
Fialová, Tereza ; Rozkošný,, Miloš (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
Constructed wetlands and the soil filters are water treatment devices using the filter material that in most cases consists of natural river gravel, coarse sand or crushed stone. This thesis deals with the research of unconventional filtration materials, or more precisely with examination of their ability to be used as an alternative medium that can ensure better cleaning effect. For the research work following metallurgical industry materials were used: slag, waste from cipres filter, waste from the molding mixture, waste from large blasters and small blasters, sand filter material ČEZ, the coarse crushed slag 8-16 mm and as the last alternative medium ground coffee beans. Both the hydraulic and the chemical aspect of all above mentioned materials were tested (except of the last mentioned). The examined hydraulic parameters are particularly porosity, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, particle density, chemical composition and concentration of chemical extracts. By evaluating the results of the measurements it is determined which materials are suitable to be applied in the constructed wetlands and the soil filters. In future the testing will continue under real operating conditions in the constructed wetland, where particular column filtration units (selected according to results of previous measurement) will treat real sewage water.
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Reconstruction of storm water overflow for constructed wetlands
Herman, Matej ; Hyánková,, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The thesis of my bachelor work is the design of a new control system of through-flow area in the existing storm water overflow channel, which is used in current constructed wetland, located in Drážovice village and which does not fulfill flow conditions. The target of the work is to design and verify the function of the controller which ensures decreasing of the flows, or reduction of the water level height in case of overflow during raining. Prior to the design, there had been made mathematical and graphic descriptions with using of the Excel and AutoCad and the results are applied for the laboratory model. The thesis consists of the theoretical analysis of the current status and the new solution design. The main point is based on the control of the water level in overflow channel with flexible diameter from 0.3 m till 0.2m. The construction of the existing storm water overflow channel was done in laboratory conditions, as well as the new designed controlled device. After built-up of the model, there have been made measurings and following corrections to reach the ideal status. For using of this controller in constructed wetland in Dražovice, there will be also needed very precise set up of this device for its everyday usage.
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EFFICIENCY OF ENTEROCOCAL AND THERMOTOLERANT COLIFORMING BACTERIA REMOVAL IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND USED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
FIŠEROVÁ, Alena
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have their origin in natural wetlands and they are used for a wastewater treatment as an alternative of the classical technology. In the Czech Republic are used only CW with subsurface horizontal flow with emergent macrophytes for the wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the enterococal and thermotolerant coliforming bacteria removal was followed in the CW in Slavošovice. In the regular intervals (2-6 weeks) from May 2006 to March 2007, wastewater was sampled at the inflow, after the mechanical pretreatment and at the outflow. The number of the enterococal and thermotolerant coliforming bacteria was calculated in the samples and the efficiency of the bacterial removal was evaluated during winter and summer seasons.
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