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Erosion control measures as a device of ecological stability (of the landscape).
MAREK, Jakub
The topic of this thesis are erosion control measures as a device of ecological stability (of the landscape). As a region of interest the basin near Kalenice village, which lies on the border of West and South Bohemian Regions in Strakonice district, was chosen. For the calculations of soil loss values, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by Wischmeier and Smith, was used. For estates with above the threshold values of soil loss, the preventive anti-erosion measures as a crop rotation and diking (dyking) were suggested.
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Erosion of agricultural land and its importance for siltation and eutrophication of reservoirs in the Czech Republic
Krása, J. ; Jáchymová, B. ; Bauer, M. ; Dostál, T. ; Rosendorf, P. ; Hejzlar, Josef ; Borovec, Jakub ; Bečička, M.
In 58 large catchments of the Czech Republic (covering ca 35000 km2) the sediment transport processes were assessed. Amount of sediment flux into the streams and reservoirs from agricultural land was estimated. Sediment retention in all reservoirs was considered based on reservoirs‘ outflow. For thousands of small ponds the volumes and outflow had to be estimated based on reservoir areas and specific flow rates in catchments. The distributed approach allowed considering importance of particular agricultural fields for stream silting. The maps of annual sediment flow in all streams were derived. The sediment fluxes cause serious problems not only concerning eutrophication. For example Vltava river watershed up to Slapy dam (12 965 km2) exports 2.34 million tons of sediment by water erosion annually. 626 thousand ton is exported into the streams, and 615 500 t is then deposited in the reservoirs.
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Evaluation of erosion control measures and their applicability for land consolidation projects
HORNÍK, Jan
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of erosion control measures and their applicability for land consolidation projects. As a region of interest for the job is selected river basins around the village Žinkovy, which lies in Pilsen Region. For calculations of values is washed off using a universal soil loss equation by Wischmeier and Smith. The plots of erosion rate greater than the permissible quantity of proposed erosion control measures such as erosion control crop rotation, contour cultivation, erosion limits and wing dam
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Erosion threat of landscape in the context of sustainable agricultural system
SIMANDLOVÁ, Veronika
Currently there is about 54% of agricultural land at risk of water erosion. A prerequisite for sustainable agricultural development is the implementation of soil protection. Erosion control measures represent a set of measures that, in addition the priority function of reducing the losses of the soil, significantly affect the water conditions in the countryside. The topic of my thesis is the erosion threat of landscape in the context of sustainable agricultural system. The first part focuses on the literature search related to sustainable agriculture, soil erosion problems and possibilities of protection ALR (Agricultural Land Resources). The practical part is concerned with a particular territory in which comprehensive landscaping erosion control measures have been taken. The aim was to assess the condition of the above mentioned area before and after the implementation of measures. Furthermore, individual parameters were evaluated, as well as the types and localization of erosion control features in the area of interest, comparing them with the project documentation and a plan of joint facilities.
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Hodnocení negativního vlivu degradačních faktorů na půdu a návrh možností jeho omezení - vytvoření podkladů pro plnění požadavků daných návrhem Směrnice na ochranu půdy EU
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Brno ; Ekotoxa Opava, s.r.o., Opava ; Remeš, Michal ; Menšík, Ladislav ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav ; Kulhavý, Jiří ; Sáňka, Milan
Základním cílem projektu je vytvoření metodických podkladů a návrhů pro podporu udržitelného užívání půdního fondu a zajištění informací z oblasti ochrany půdy. Projekt má ověřovat možnosti pro zlepšení stavu zemědělských, lesních a ostatních půd v ČR s ohledem na negativní působení jednotlivých degradačních faktorů. Celá struktura projektu je sestavena tak, aby byly vytvořeny podklady pro plnění požadavků daných návrhem Směrnice na ochranu půdy EU. Jedná se zejména o tyto požadavky: Zlepšit stav půd s ohledem na vliv jednotlivých degradačních faktorů, přispět k objasnění zákonitostí procesů degradace půd, omezit znečištění půdy, ověřit možnosti pro zlepšení stavu zemědělských, lesních a ostatních půd a navrhnout nápravná opatření. Závěrečná zpráva za první rok řešení (září – listopad) je zaměřena na základní popis problematiky působení degradačních faktorů na půdu. Uvedeny jsou hlavní zásady navrhované Směrnice na ochranu půdy EU a jejich promítnutí do řešení projektu. Jsou definovány hlavní degradační faktory: eroze, ztráty organické hmoty, zhutnění, salinizace, sesuvy, kontaminace, zábory , ztráty na biodiverzitě. U hlavních degradačních faktorů jsou uvedeny metody měření a hodnocení a též podkladové informace pro identifikaci ohrožených oblastí na území ČR.
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Motivation to protect soil from erosion
Pysková, Renata ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this paper is analysis of particular aspects which influence land users in their behaviour, acting and approach to the land protection of erosion. The paper points out factors which lead to motivation and demotivation and influence participants in order to legal aspects and owners' relation to nature resources. The main question is if land users are motivated to protect land or not. The institucional analysis of Elinor Ostrom, known as Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) is crucial to profound the results. Particular steps of the method help to cover all the questions which are significant to evaluate effectivness of politic system in order to land protection of fast erosion which interfere to many sectors of půblic economy.
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The antierosion precautions as the element of the ecological landscape stability
LIŠKOVÁ, Barbora
The subject of this thesis is the erosion control as the element of the ecologic stability. The target of this thesis is to determine the amount of the soil, which is being lost from lands in Štěkře cadastral area as consequence of the surface runoff. I use the universal soil loss equation from Wischmeier and Smith for calculations. I also calculate the cubature runoff from the micro catchment area according to Čerkašin and the transport of floating solids according to Williams and Berndt. I propose the antierosion precautions for lands which have got the measure of erosion bigger then acceptable value. I compare all findings before and after the antierosion precautions.
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Solution of soil protection from erosion in researched catchment.
SMRČKA, Štěpán
Annotation Erosion is a chronic problem in both agricultural and nonagricultural land. Its has an inconsiderable effect on overall stability of landscape. In the case of farming management on agricultural soils the risk of erosive processes increases severalfold. In foothill and mountain areas with dominance of slopes and hills the soil loss during higher maximum 24hrs N-rainfalls can reach up to several tons per hectare. This work deals with the evaluation of soil erosion vulnerability in selected catchment {--} Ostrice catchment {--} in the Lipno reservoir area. The CN method was used for calculations and following evaluation of soil loss.
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