|
|
Immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics
Zemánková, Jana ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Macrolide antibiotics are well known not only for their antibacterial properties, but also for their recently discovered anti-inflammatory properties. They are able to significantly suppress destructive and in many cases life-threatening inflammation, an effect which is desired especially in chronic inflammatory diseases. The principle which their act is the modulation of the various components of the immune system. These effects are called "immunomodulatory" and can also include the effect on epithelial cells and their secretory activity, as well as the effect on pathogens which can colonize the airways and contibute to pathogenesis and the emergence of the chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. This thesis summarizes the most important known mechanisms, by which macrolide antibiotics exert these immunomodulatory effects, and also notes examples of diseases whose treatment is the most clinically significant. Macrolide antibiotics posessing these uniqe anti-inflammatory properties are well tolerated and severe side-effects are rare. However, the most serious risk is the emergence of resistance and that is the main reason why this treatment can not be recommended without reservation. It is up to each doctor to consider the risks and benefits of the treatment in each individual patient.
|
|
|
Macrophages in leishmania - sand fly - host interaction
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Sand flies (order Diptera) are vectors of Leishmania parasites (Trypanosomatida), which are inoculated into the host skin together with the vector saliva. Sand fly saliva plays the important role in the Leishmania transmission; in naive host it supresses the host immune response assisting Leishmania to establish the infection, while in repeatedly bitten host it elicits a protective immune response. The submitted thesis focuses on the effect of sand fly saliva on macrophages, the key cells in the infection control. In the first part of the thesis we established a laboratory model L. major - P. papatasi - Balb/c to describe the protective effect of saliva immunization on Leishmania infection development. Immunized mice were protected against Leishmania infection which was reflected in the ear lesion size, parasite load in the ear dermis and draining lymph nodes but also in cytokine production. On the contrary, produced lower amount of nitric oxide, while arginase activity was comparable with nonimmunized group. The IgG antibodies against saliva served as a marker of exposure to sandflies while IgG antibodies against Leishmania antigens served as a marker of infection severity. The experiments were aimed on the possibility of cross-protectivity in Balb/c mice against L. major between closely related...
|
|
|
The role of macrophages in immunosuppression mediated ny regulatory T cells
Kadlecová, Kristýna ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Stříž, Ilja (referee)
Regulatory T cells (Treg) represent one of the most important mechanisms of immunoregulation. Treg suppress immune reactions and prevent overactivation of the immune system. There is a lot of ways of Treg action described, here we have focused on Treg interference with macrophages. The suppressor capacity of a highly purified Treg population was demonstrated in proliferation assays. The level of suppression of effector T cell proliferation differs depending on the presence of macrophages in the culture. Treg suppression has been significantly higher in the presence of macrophages. These observations led to hypotesis that Treg affect directly macrophages. However, using flow cytometry, reduction of expression of costimulatory molecules on macrophages after culture with Treg was not observed. Macrophages precultured with Treg showed a comparable functionality as macrophages cultured alone. Neither flow cytometry nor live cell imaging revealed any cytotoxic activity of Treg towards macrophages. Despite the presence of macrophages, Treg did not suppress effector cell proliferation in a model, where stronger activation of effector cells was induced. Therefore, a new hypothesis was presented - initially observed higher suppression in the presence of macrophages was probably caused by a qualitatively or...
|
|
| |
|
|
Využití modelu virginní mléčné žlázy jalovice ke studium imunologických vlastností buněk obranného systému mléčné žlázy skotu
Vránová, Eliška
The mammary gland is the main production body in dairy cattle breeding. These days are current problems of mastitis disease of the mammary gland, which have an appreciable economic impact. Bachelor thesis briefly describes the anatomical structure of virgin mammary gland of non-pregnant heifers and discusses the use of model virgin mammary gland of heifers to study the immunological properties of the cell. Describes its first use, because the methodology used is the basis for subsequent work performed on virgin mammary gland. The work also aims to summarize the use of the model in research practice. Research reviewed the ultrastructure and functional characteristics of the cells before and during induced inflammation, its intensity and time of resolution by used agents. Furthermore, evaluating the pros and cons of using virgin mammary gland, compared to the adult mammary gland during involution, or lactation.
|
|
|
Mikroskopická anatomie buněk obranného systému mléčné žlázy skotu
Trnková, Jitka
The bovine mammary gland is the main production unit of dairy cattle. Due to its exploitation is often threatened its integrity and homeostasis. Therefore, mastitis are most common health problem of dairy cattle. Significant defensive elements of bovinne mammary gland are leukocytes: neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. The structural characteristics of these cells are closely related to the functional parameters such as migration and phagocytosis. Therefore, the work is focused on the structure and ultrastructure of these cells in the blood stream and in the ductal system of the mammary gland. The work also describes the pathological structure of these cells, including terminal stages of cell's life: necrosis and apoptosis.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
