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Memories
Prokop, Tomáš ; Veselý, Petr (referee) ; Ambrůz, Jan (advisor)
The topic of death and closely associated fragments through which I presented my opinion in this work had a long development. During my life I came across very often with parting my close persons. It is not reaction to present situation. It is a long time process which resulted in solving this problem in my mind. Consideration of the situation in this way helped me to put up with reality and to accept death as the natural phase of living organism. This exhibition was concipated as the memory for people who were a part of my life but now they exist only in my memories. Although this topic may produce a gloomy or controverse impression, my aim was not provocation or agressivity. I want my work to be a gesture of respect for people who are not among us and we should never forget them. The instalation is strongly dependent on space, it goes out of it. I tis necessary to perceive the exhibition completely which is one of the most principal things. A very important thing is a change of space and its cleaning. In this way I tried to achieve the communication between the space and the work of art. The space itself produces a monumental, almost sacral impression which is perfect for my topic. I didn’t want to overfill the space, that is why I chose a minimalistic composition including number of works of art. On purpose I let the space influence in it’s spiritual emptiness and gave it a chance to breath. The intervention in it must be perceived as a support of its expression. My work of art is based on cleanliness and stylisation of symbol.
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Respect for patient autonomy and intimacy as basic components of human dignity.
PETROVICOVÁ, Eva
Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, the attention is focused mainly on the physical aspect of a person and human dignity is less emphasized. The medical professionals should treat the patients with respect, dignity and understanding. This work points at the issues of maintaining patient autonomy and intimacy as the basic components of the preservation of human dignity. For the purposes of the thesis, the aim was to find to what extent the nurses find it possible to preserve patient autonomy, intimacy and the promotion of human dignity in the hospital environment. The thesis was handled by the qualitative research method with the use of interviews with the nurses and the patients of Department of Surgery and Department of Aftercare. The research file consisted of 10 general nurses, included 5 nurses from the Department of Surgery and 5 nurses from the Department of Aftercare. The research also addressed 10 patients from the Department of Surgery and 10 patients from the Department of Aftercare. Data collection was based on interview with prepared questions. The interviews which allowed the research to collect valuable information were recorded in two ways; either with the help of a voice recorder, or by a written record. Then the data processing itself occurred which consisted of a literal transcript of the information. The important data were emphasized and highlighted using the method called "a pencil and paper." By means of marking of individual words we used the method of "encoding" where the information has been grouped and which subsequently resulted in concepts as autonomy, intimacy and human dignity. The accomplished research brought different views of the nurses on the possibility of preserving the autonomy of the patients. The Department of Surgery offers more autonomy of the patients than those from the Department of Aftercare where patient autonomy is not sustained. The majority of patients (the Department of Surgery, the Department of Aftercare) is at least aware of the possibility to decide on their own, even under the circumstances where all the initiative is, as a result, conveyed by the doctors. Another concept that expressed our interest was the dignified care. Nurses show respect to patients through a humane approach, including information, interest, a quiet environment and a smile. This behaviour was also confirmed by the patients who mentioned only positive experience with the conservation and the promoting of their dignity. Many patients reported that this care is provided at the place where they are hospitalized. Unfortunately, according to the nurses, in some cases the lack of possibility to support patient dignity is caused by insufficient number of the staff, insufficient time and inappropriate facilities. The nurses are trying to maintain a professional approach which is based on decent behaviour focused on respect for human dignity. As the last concept, we present intimacy and privacy. The nurses evaluate the preservation of intimacy as possible and at the same time as an important aspect of the dignified care. Most often intimacy is maintained by means of roller blinds, doors and shutters. However, it is the number of people in the room that both the nurses and the patients see as a chief problem. The patients continue to highlight the efforts and the emphasis that the nurses put to maintain intimacy and privacy. According to the accomplished researched, it was found that the current nursing care may fulfil the rights for human dignity at an average level. The results of the current and potential further research could be available to the management of the hospital care to provide the employers with the information as a means for the identification and elimination of the identified barriers. This would increase the level of quality provided by nursing care and awareness of the fact that a person with all his/her needs remains the focus of our attention.
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Coaching as social work tool and its ethical aspects in relationship to individuals
VÁGAIOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis deals with coaching as social work tool and with its ethical aspects in relationship to individual. It is divided into three parts. In the first part, I define the coaching itself, as well as its solution and its types. I also distinguish the coaching from different types of social work, such as counselling and therapy; then I set the coaching into social work helping scope. The second part is focused on the relationship between the client and the helping worker while using coaching. Here I present the relationship paradigms, the helping worker aspect (with emphasis on competence and personal disposition) and the client aspect (with focus on his conception and his inner world). This part deals with the topic of help and control as well. In the third part I look into ethical aspects that are crucial in the client's and worker's relationship, aspects that follow from the definition of this relationship from the second part of the thesis, such as freedom, dignity, respect, autonomy, self-determination, worker's personality, preferences, responsibility, conscience and power.
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Portraits
KANALOŠOVÁ, Alexandra
Development of portrait painting, examination of old age and phenomena of old age wisdom as the basis for own paintings.
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Children in kindergarten and handicapped adults integration
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Iveta
Aims of the thesis: To refer to possibilities of progress of ability to respect differences by children of pre-school age thanks to meetings with persons with mental disabilities. Theoretical part: I would like to specialize in clearing of these concepts: respecting of difference, human communication, integration of handicapped persons, dramatic education of people with mental disabilities and children in kindergarten. Practical part: I describe unique plan of a meeting of children in kindergarten with people with mental disabilities ? in the form of playing theatre that is prepared specially for children in kindergarten. The main idea is to specialize in connecting of two different worlds, elimination of mental barriers by playing fairy-tales, communication between children and adults and respecting dissimilarities. The respect is based on mutual learning and experience and enjoyment of the meeting. Methods: Survey by questionnaire was carried out in kindergartens where fairy-tale theater performance was played by actors with mental disabilities for children there. The teachers of these kindergartens were asked. Next the method of observation and experiment was used to compare different kindergartens in views ( of both teachers and children) on the theater played by actors with disabilities. And this way of integration is presented by DVD record from theater performances that is attached in the end of this work. Results: It was found and confirmed from the results of the kindergarten´s teachers´ questionnaires that the integration of children from kindergarten and people with disabilities is possible and appropriate by the form of theater-meetings. The benefits of these meetings is significant even for the future, in the opinion of teachers
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Respect for the wishes of the patient's pre-out - the ethical context
PLVANOVÁ, Veronika
This diploma paper ``Respecting Patient{\crq}s Needs Expressed in Advance{\crqq} is divided into a part containing theoretical ground and a practical part. The theoretical part outlines the basic principles of ethics and then moves towards patients{\crq} needs and wishes, their rights, and the issue of wishes expressed in advance. The domain of wishes expressed in advance is based on the principle of patient{\crq}s autonomy and it is laid down in the Convention on Human Rights and in biomedicine. The situation in the Czech Republic is made difficult by the fact that this domain has not been governed by laws and it does not have any tradition in the Czech environment. The practical part utilizes the method of qualitative research {--} a semi-controlled interview. First, I created short casuistries for selected patients and, afterwards, I spoke to them about individual topics. I had selected 11 questions that guided the interviews. My group of respondents consisted of patients hospitalized at oncology departments or leaving for outpatient chemotherapy in Nemocnice Jihlava (a hospital in Jihlava). I interviewed ten patients. The objective was to find out about the patients{\crq} informedness about their rights and about their options of expressing wishes during hospitalization. It was also intended to learn about the things the patients would like to decide upon and whom they would like to authorize to make decisions on their behalf should they become unable to express their wishes themselves. The research questions and the division of the general questions into three areas helped to the reach individual objectives. The first area comprised patients{\crq} rights most of the respondents were aware of. The most important ones included: telling the truth about their disease and treatment, the option to select and terminate their treatment, familiarity with medical staff. Another section dealt with wishes. Most of the patients hoped that a right approach of medical staff will reveal the patients{\crq} wishes without the necessity of expressing them. None of the selected respondents has ever thought about the issue of wishes expressed in advance. The final block contained questions dealing with the options of choosing a person representing patients in decision making. The patients frequently chose their family members (partners, children). In practice, the knowledge obtained through the research could be used for publication in specialized literature and to prepare instructional materials for patients as well as medical staff.
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Reward and Sanction in Preschool Education
HEJDOVÁ, Eva
The chosen theme of my graduate{\crq}s thesis suggests the main questions the thesis deals with. The theoretical part summarizes the rewards and punishments area with the specific focus in the field of preschool education. It concerns especially the views of the current educational approach in comparison to the theological and social opinion of the mentioned questions. The practical part observes the rewards and punishments area as it is accepted and used by a society. The research focused on both types of families {--} the atheistic and the faithful ones compares parents experience in the area of rewards and punishments and their requirements (in relation) to their own children. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the influence of the family philosophy and the own experience in using the rewards and punishments in the education of children. The conclusion of this thesis summarizes the found out facts and argues against the proposed hypothesis.
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Nutritional trends in selected religions as related to health and illnesses
PILEČKOVÁ, Renata
Current society is much diversified as regards its culture of customs and trends encountered also in the eating habits of people. Our health-care facilities provide treatment to a good number of patients of different religions and, consequently, different eating habits. We certainly do not want the patients to be only passive recipients of medical care. That is why the nurses have to put some effort into learning about the individual eating habits of their patients. A nurse informed about food that a patient wishes or does not wish to be given is able to use her own initiative in providing what is needed to satisfy the requirements. In this way the nurse will involve the patients in the treatment and boost their confidence in the health-care staff. The theoretical section investigates primarily nutritional habits of believers of some selected religions, namely Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Roman Catholic Church and Brethren Church. Other parts of the theoretical section analyzed some alternative nutritional trends. Also mentioned was food provision at health-care facilities and the competences of nutrition therapeutists and assistants. The empirical section formulated four objectives: (1) to specify the main features of nutritional trends met in the selected religions; (2) to measure the level of nurses' expertise in the eating habits associated with the selected religions; (3) to find out whether the nurses in providing the care respect the clients' nutritional trends as related to the selected religions; and (4) to investigate the importance and observance of specific nutritional trends in the selected religions as perceived by the clients and the nurses. The methodology relied on a quality-oriented survey performed through controlled interviews with the clients, and a quantity-oriented survey conducted through questionnaires distributed among clients and nurses. The qualitative survey was to answer these questions: What eating habits can be encountered in clients professing the selected religions? Does proper observation of the clients' eating habits make the clients satisfied with the nursing care? The quantitative survey was based on assumptions that (1) nurses ignorant of the nutritional trends will make the clients unhappy about the nursing care, and that (2) proper attention paid to varied eating habits in different cultures will make the job of nursing teams in health-care facilities a more burdensome task. The survey has been conducted in the regions of South Bohemia and Central Bohemia. Judging from the results, the objectives have been met, the hypotheses confirmed, and the research questions objectivized. The work resulted in an Education Sheet to be used by both nurses and the public.
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