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The specific approach to diagnostic imaging methods in patients with diabetes mellitus
KLIMEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Diabetes mellitus occurs as a result of absolute or relative lack of insulin. It is a chronic disease which can lead to damage of other systems and organs. Number of patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing medical examinations or interventional therapy by the diagnostic imaging methods has been increasing. It brings higher demand on technical parameters of the methods and more exact work of medical staff. Examinations connected with administering contrast media can cause many complications to these patients and the routine examination can be changed into the dangerous one. The position of a radiological assistant has become more responsible. The aim of this Bachelor´s work was to outline diagnostic options while examining patients with diabetes mellitus and consider using diagnostic imaging methods as the administration of diagnostic contrast media can be risky for the patients. Twenty six per cent (236 patients) out of 918 patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 who visited the Diabetological Centre and the Department of Radiology of the Hospital in České Budějovice were examined by some of the diagnostic imaging methods. Adult diabetic patients underwent these radiological examinations: 188 skiagraphies of lungs, 119 skiagraphies of skeletons and 18 examinations under skiascopic control. Forty-four patients were examined by the sonography, 10 by the mammography, 110 by the computed tomography, 9 by the magnetic resonance and 10 patients by the angiography. Most diabetic patients were examined by common skiagraphy of arms and legs, sculls, vertebral columns due to injuries, fractures and degenerative changes. Skiagraphies of heart and lungs were indicated before and after operations or they preceded applying an insulin pump. The other numerous group was made up by patients with tumours. They were mostly examined by computed tomography. Fifty-seven patients developed complications caused by diabetes. The examinations of carotid arteries, cerebral arteries, arteries and varicose veins in the legs were carried out by sonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. In six cases diagnostic angiography was followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The use of contrast media in 64 patients was also considered. In all cases non-ionic contrast media of low or medium osmolarity in the volume of 80 {--} 125 ml were used. The findings compared with those presented in literature proved the hypothesis that radiological assistant work requires a specific approach towards the diabetic patients.
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Contrast induced nephropathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
BAŘINOVÁ, Eva
Interventional radiology is currently undergoing significant development.Vascular intrventions in particular have bečíme the method of choice and frequently precede or replace ivasive surgical procedures. Alongside this development, the number of interventions involving the administration of an iodine contrast agent is on the rise. Modern contrast agents are usually well tolerated. Bearing in mind the masive use of these agents, however, we try to prezent thein undesirable effects. In my thesis I deal with the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and (NSF).One of the objectives of my work was to examine the occurrence of CIN in the angiography unit at St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno (FN USA), and to evaluate the severity of its course in relation to risk factors infulencing CIN. Another objective was to examine the occurrence of NSF in the Czech Republic. Data from the Hospital Information System of St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno was processed in a methodological procedure. A database was created by identifying patients who underwent a vascular interventional procedure in the angiography unit during the years 2005-2009. Information on the occurrence of NSF in the Czech Republic was obtained from the State Institute for Drug Control and from selected Magnetic Resonance Imaging facilities in the Czech Republic. The results of this work suggest that following preventive measures before the administration of a contrast agent can have a substantial influence on the occurrence of CIN. Moreover, it was confirmed that no case of NSF has occurred in the Czech Republic to date. This work can deepen knowledge of this issue among healthcare professionals and improve the prevention of CIN and NSF.
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The family impact on integration of younger client with DM type I into every-day life.
PETRÁKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis with the title The role of family influence in integration of a young patient with DM type1 into everyday life deals with diabetes mellitus type1, its influence and impact on the physical, mental and social life of a child and his entire family. Diabetes mellitus management has been relatively frequently discussed these days. According to the WHO, the total number of diabetics worldwide is estimated at 100 million, in Europe at 10 million. In the whole country there are about 2,000 children who have no choice but to cope with their disease and learn how to live with it. A very important aspect is education of the children themselves and also of the people close to them, especially in their families and schools.
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Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in children and young adults
TURKOVÁ, Aneta
Diabetes mellitus is a disease resulting in disordered metabolism of carbohydrates. They include very serious metabolic diseases but still one third of patients remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. It can affect children of any age. Diabetes mellitus type 1 occurs more often in children. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was once considered to be only a disease of adults, but today there is an alarming increase of incidence in children and young adults as a result of improper lifestyle and severe obesity. In the theoretical part of my thesis I deal with the issue of hyperglycaemia and I present laboratory methods used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and long-term or short-term compensation of this disease. In detail I focus on the importance of using own glucose meter for self-monitoring. Objective of the thesis and its implementation are set in the practical part. The objective of my thesis was to verify the quality of blood glucose meter Optium Omega manufactured by Abbot using routine method of Clinical Chemistry Laboratory in strict accordance with its intended use within POCT. To verify functionality of blood glucose meter Optium Omega I used recommended statistical procedures.
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Prevalence of obesity in children in a classical kindergarden and a healthy life style kindergarden in České Budějovice
HORNÁTOVÁ, Klára
Children obesity is a frequently discussed issue nowadays as it becomes the extents of an international epidemic. It occurs in greater frequency in lower age categories, which is caused mainly by change in eating habits, a wrong composition of meals and great lack of motion. Children nowadays prefer sitting in front of their computers or television. Children obesity brings along mental harm to the child. He/she is often being laughed at for his/her weight and causing the child to feel alone and seeking solitude and many children thus succumb to overeating. Besides obesity causes health problems such diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, locomotive organs disease and mental problems. Therefore kindergarden is so important since children meet other eating habits than at home. The family is often the trigger of unhealthy eating habits. Quantitative research was applied in the bachelor thesis by means or a questionnaire for the parents. The researched file represented preschool children in the age of 3 to 6 years of age. The questionnaires were distributed in two kindergardens, one of which was a healthy life style kindergarden and the second was a classical kindergarden. Two goals were set in the paper. To assess the rate of obesity growth in children in kindergardens and to monitor the attitude of children and parents to the topic of food and obesity. The research has shown that obesity rate keeps increasing, however there is a smaller rate of obesity in the healthy life style kindergarden than in the classical one. In general, parents are well informed on the food and obesity topic in both kindergardens but in practice they do not adhere to the correct principles. Further, two hypotheses were set. Children in healthy life style kindergarden eat healthier food according to principles of rational nutrition (taking account of food in the kindergarden) and have lower BMI than other children of the same age. The first hypothesis was thus confirmed. The second hypothesis that parents are not sufficiently informed on the right eating habits for children was not confirmed. The results of the research in the bachelor thesis can be applied as study material and they were offered to parents who took part in the research.
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Diagnostics of diabetes mellitus in adults including pregnant
ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Eva
Diabetes mellitus is worldwide spread chronical disease which affects both sexes and all age groups. If the disease is not treated it can cause hard damage to various systems or even kill. The thesis is divided into two parts. The objective of the first, theoretical part, was to bring closer the problems of diabetes mellitus, its classification and complications. Simultaneously, the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics of the disease were described. The objective of the second, empirical part was to assess if glycohemoglobin was a suitable compensation of oral glucose tolerance test as a marker of impaired glucose tolerance. For the thesis the data of 94 patients investigated at the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s. (Hospital České Budějovice Inc.) were used. The patients were divided into two groups: the group called ``Pregnant{\crqq} (51 pregnant women) and the group called ``Others`` (43 people). In both groups oral glucose tolerance test was carried out and glycohemoglobin was determined. The level of glucose in blood was determined by a fotometric enzymatic method at the analyzer ADVIA 1650 Chemistry system, glycohemoglobin was determined by effective liquid chromatography at the analyzer TOSOH A1c 2.2 (HLC 723 Ghb V, G5). The group of pregnant cannot be reliably evaluated because only one woman was diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus according to oral glucose tolerance test. In the group of Others impaired glucose tolerance according to oral glucose tolerance test was proved in 14 individuals, 5 of them had increased glycohemoglobin and 9 individuals had glycohemoglobin in referential range. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity a effectiveness at cut off 4,0 % was counted for glycohemoglobin. Sensitivity was 36 %, specificity 96 % and effectiveness 73 %. The results show that the use of oral glucose tolerance test as a marker of impaired glucose tolerance is still more suitable than the use of glycohemoglobin which does not have sufficient sensitivity for the diagnosis of the disease.
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Importance of self-monitoring of children with diabetes
PAPOUŠKOVÁ, Helena
In the research we focused on children treated in an endocrinological out-patient clinic. We addressed six respondents to participate in the qualitative research. Three objectives were set: C1: to ascertain how important for the patients the regular monitoring of glycaemia is; C2: to ascertain whether child patients are able to observe the therapeutic regime; C3: to ascertain whether providing parents, teachers, kitchen staff and instructors of spare-time activities with information has an effect on the care of children with diabetes.
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Prevention of diabetes I. type and health promotion, education of diabetics and patients after pancreas transplantation
MRÁZ, Marek
The bachelor theses attend to people with diabetes mellitus Type 1 and patients after pancreas transplantation. The first chapters of theoretical part deal with pancreas anatomy, matter of disorder, its medication, belated complications, movement and nutrition connected with diabetes. The last chapter of this part is about pancreas transplantation. The practical part shows importance of education and knowledge of diabetics. It deals with life quality of diabetics who undergo pancreas transplantation. It compares their health and mental condition during diabetes, before and after pancreas transplantation.
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Quality of Life of Haemodialysed Seniors in Prachatice Region
ZELENKOVÁ, Božena
In the bachelor thesis I deal with the quality of life of haemodialysed seniors in Prachatice region and many aspects that change and affect their lives. The first part of my thesis is a professional one and it describes an anatomical structure of reins, their physiology and in general also diseases leading to an acute or chronic renal failure, especially the diabetes mellitus 2nd type. The professional part is concluded by a treatise on methods of the renal function replacement, so called a method of the blood purification {--} the haemodialysis. In the second, practical part, I focused on the research of the quality of life. I chose the following set criteria: a retirement, an age over 65 years, a renal failure due to the diabetes mellitus 2nd type. For detecting the quality of life I used the method of SEIQoL with the technique of an observation and a questioning. There were selected five respondents who meet the given criteria, the group consists of two men and three women in the age range 66-83 years. The research showed that a common feature of the respondents is the fact of declaring a higher quality of life in comparison with their intended degree of a satisfaction with their life. The respondents also agree that their health problems are multiplied by secondary phenomena accompanying the haemodialysis. Furthermore, it shows how important is a need of a social support for the respondents, their desire for a self-realization and a meaningful fulfilment of their leisure time.
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