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Water regime of reclaimed and nonreclaimed heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kuráž, Václav (referee)
Summary: Great Podkrusnohorska spoil heaps in the Sokolov region in Western Bohemia is the largest spoil heaps in the Czech Republic, which was pour million tonnes of overburden soil surface mining of brown coal. The thesis is setting on the basic characteristics of the water regime and water balance of spoil heap soil and thus follows a series of previous works dealing with the comparative development of the reclaimed and unreclaimed area. The areas are long-term monitoring of soil moisture using a dielectric soil moisture meter total water regime was monitored by subsurface with gravitation lyzimeter, runoff and throughfall rainfall. Older unreclaimed plots as well as reclaimed plots have higher porosity, water field capacity and moistre than young sites, however there are limited by water deficiency in similatr way as young sites due to increase in wilting point. Keywords: Spoil heaps, Recultivation, Soil humidity, Water supply, Water balance
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The impact of artificial snow production on the runoff balance in mountain basins
Murdychová, Pavlína ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Kučerová, Dana (referee)
This bachelor thesis handles issue of impact of artificial snow production on the runoff balance in mountain basins. First part of the thesis is summary of available literature about properties of artificial snow and its impact on natural sphere with regard to climate change. The second part of this thesis analyzed the change of water balance and runoff in selected basins in Krkonoše mountains. Data from monthly flows from three hydrological station - Vestřev (Labe), Horní Staré Město (Úpa), Dolní Sytová (Jizera) from 2003 to 2011 and data abstraction of water for snowmaking for the period 2001-2011 were used. The artificial snowmaking does not occure in long term to significant change in flow out, only to change their annual distribution. The impact of artificial snow production would be significant with evidence in a small basins. Keywords: artificial snow, snowmaking, water balance
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Assessing the impact of drought stress on winter wheat canopy by hermes crop growth model
Wimmerová, Markéta ; Pohanková, Eva ; Kersebaum, K. C. ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Žalud, Zdeněk ; Hlavinka, Petr
The main aim of this study was evaluate a drought stress effect on winter wheat development, growth (leaf area index), soil moisture and yields. Simultaneously, the ability of Hermes crop growth model to simulate drought stress response was tested. The field trial was established at Domanínek station (Bystřice nad Pernštejnem district, Czech Republic) in 2014. Mobile rain-out shelters for precipitation reduction were installed on the plots of winter wheat in May 2015. Results of this study showed that model is able to reproduce well a soil moisture content and to certain extent the drought stress for grain yields of winter wheat. Using the rain-out shelters (from 19 May to harvest on 6 August 2015), real winter wheat yields were reduced by 1.7 t/ha. The model was able to estimate the average yield with a deviation of 0.15 t/ha (6%) for no stressed variant. Model underestimated the yields for sheltered variant with a difference 0.67 t/ha (71%) on average against observed yields.
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Remote sensing as support tool for agricultural drought assessment
Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Balek, Jan ; Žalud, Z. ; Tadesse, T. ; Hayes, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Trnka, Miroslav
Very important information about vegetation condition within wide areas (through continents and states) or for local areas in resolution from hundreds to tens of meters could be obtained from satellites within remote sensing. The temporal and spatial continuity is big advantage of this method. Namely so-called vegetation indices are often used for vegetation cover condition assessment. The aim of submitted study is to present possibility of using EVI2 (Enhanced Vegetation Index) for assessment of drought impact within vegetation. The results for selected years of the period 2000-2015 achieved using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aboard Terra satellite are included. The data in weekly time step and for the whole Czech Republic are presented.
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Analysis of factors affecting a direct runoff from the catchment area
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
This diploma thesis follows my bachelor thesis. The main purpose of the bachelor thesis was to clarify fundamental terms and to explain the sorting of particular parts of a direct flow that involves both the surface saturated flow and the hypodermic flow. This diploma thesis is focusing on the origin of direct flow in a river basin. Specifically, it deals with river sub-basin P6, P52, and P53, which are located in Kopaninský potok river basin. Furthermore, it deals with Jenín I. and II. river basins and the last analysed is Ostřice river basin (SO2). Factors influencing direct flow are researched on all river basins. It is impossible to say that the origin of direct flow is caused solely by a single factor; it is always the result of multiple factors. Among these factors belongs the atmospheric precipitation, type of soil, vegetation, climatic and anthrophogenic conditions, land use, and inclination of the area. The bachelor thesis explains the issues of multiple methods of flow separation, but this diploma thesis is primarily focused on two methods for calculation of ratio between the direct and the total flow. 1) Empirical method GROUND, which is used to separate hydrographs of medium daily river basin flow. 2) Method of digital filter by Lyne Hollick separate fast and slowcomponents from the overall concentrated flow and are based on the theory od signal analysis. Afterwards, the results of flow separation were compared to the factors influencing the origin of the direct flow. The daily total flow rates for every analysed river basin were used as the input data for calculating the flow separation.
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Hydrology of a small basin 2014
Brych, Karel ; Tesař, Miroslav
The book includes the full text of scientific articles. These articles were prepared as the contributions for the Conference with international participation “Hydrology of a small basin 2014” that was held from April 22nd to April 24th 2014 in Prague. The Conference was organized by the Institute of Hydrodynamics ASCR in Prague, Institute of Hydrology SAS in Bratislava, the Czech Water Management Society in Prague, Czech Hydrometeorological institute in Prague and Czech Committee for Hydrology. The book was published by the Institute of Hydrodynamics ASCR in Prague in 2014.
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Extreme runoffs from the Modrý důl basin in the vegetation season
Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Dvořák, Igor
The main objective of the present article is to advance understanding of the complex role of various vegetation cover in extreme runoff formation in the Modrý potok basin. This watershed (1010–1554 m a.s.l., 2.62 km2) is situated in the northern part of the Czech Republic in the eastern part of the Krkonoše Mts. The soil types are the mountainous Podzole and Lithosol with a thin humic layer on crystalline bedrock. Monitoring stations with data transfer to the internet are installed on several localities differing in the type of vegetation cover (in the grassland and dwarf pine above the forest margin, in the growth of mature spruce forest, and in the grassland below the spruce forest). The discharge at the closing profile is continuously recorded. Meteorological data are collected at a station close to the Výrovka chalet (1360 m a.s.l.): year-round precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed and direction, air and soil temperatures and soil moisture. The long-term monitoring of the water balance of the headwater catchment Modrý potok and its soil water regime was evaluated taking into account the discontinuous character of water transport in an unsaturated zone. Extreme runoffs in a vegetation season are caused by these factors: (1) oversaturation of the soil profile, (2) water repellency of the soil surface, (3) gravitationally destabilized flow of water in the soil profile, (4) extreme rainfall. The typical combinations are (1) and (3) – gravitationally destabilized flow of water can be caused even by a small rainfall under the oversaturation, (2) and (4) – long-term drought can cause the water repellency of the soil surface and the extreme rainfall. The research is supported by the Czech Science Foundation (205/09/1918) and by the Technology Agency of CR (TA02021451).
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Using remotely sensed NDVI for drought impact assessment within selected crops
Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Dobrovolný, P. ; Balek, J. ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Hayes, M. ; Svoboda, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and selected agrometeorological parameters (yields of selected crops, water balance) was investigated. The source for NDVI was Spectroradiometer MODIS within satellite Terra and it was available for grids in resolution 500 x 500 m from 2000 to 2010. The analysis was conducted within 12 grids spread through Southern and Central Moravian region. The information about cultivated crops (including spring barley, winter wheat, maize for grains, sugar beet and winter rape) were collected from the farmers and water balance simulated using SoilClim model.
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Direct run-off - formation and separation methods
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor´s thesis occupies with an issue of a direct flow. The main purpose is the explanation of the basic terms of the issue and the explanation of the sorting of particular parts of a direct flow, that involves a surface saturated flow and a hypodermic flow. Subsequently the thesis describes its participation in the hydrogeological cycle, which means the participation in the permanent circulation of a surface and underground water on Earth. The extreme precipitations are dangerous due to their force, total sum and intensity. The inception of hydrological occurrences like floods or dry seasons is possible owing to this. The fallen precipitations have a big influence on a surface flow and a transportation of soil particles. The thesis is focused on the inception and the genesis of a direct flow. Further it focuses on the factors that influence the flow. Among these factors belong climatic and anthrophogenic conditions, vegetation, type of soil and atmospheric precipitations. There are clarified selected methods of potential separation which are explained and described in detail. This part of the issue mentions CN curve method, GROUNG method, MPGM, analysis of dropped subdivisions and finally method of digital filter (Chapman). These methods divides the flow on an elemental flow and direct flow.
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