|
|
Patient education nurse anesthetist
KUKRÁLOVÁ, Hana
The Bachelor degree thesis title is "Patient education by anesthesiologist nurse". Thesis is focused on the transfer of information between patient and anesthesiologist nurse. Furthermore it is focused on anesthesiologist nurse patient education before undergoing planned medical treatment. There were two objectives established for the research part. The first objective was to ascertain weather the anesthesiologist nurse participates in patient education anticipating the medical treatment. The second objective was to compare and determine the differences in anesthesiologist nurse patient education in two regional hospitalsRecorded interviews were analysed by coding and categorizing the data obtained. Even though the multi-professional cooperation is perfectly functional in these two hospitals, subsequent data analysis has shown that the patient education by anesthesiologist nurse is not taking place before the patient is admitted to the operating room and takes place only when the patient enters the preparation room where, consequently, the nurse becomes a guide to the patient. First the nurse introduces herself or himself and proceeds to educate the patient about the upcoming medical procedure. Above all, the anesthesiologist nurse tries to reduce patients' anxiety and through the comprehensive approach gain his or her confidence. In our opinion, nurse anaesthetists should be more involved in the patient education before the patient is admitted to the operating room.
|
|
|
Doctor - patient relationship
Šimečková, Irma ; Sovová, Olga (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
DOCTOR - PATIENT RELATIONSHIP RESUMÉ The topic of the doctor - patient relationship is so broad that this graduation thesis cannot cover nearly all of its aspects. The aim is to capture the most basic institutions of doctor - patient relationship in period just before the effectiveness of the reform of health services. Historical development of medical law in the Czech Republic is summarized in the very first chapter. The aim was mainly to express complicated role of post-communist countries in connection with their efforts to integrate into the modern system, which was then for the rest of Europe completely natural. The second chapter issues the basic elements controlling the relationship between doctor and patient, including the definition of the term lege artis, whose explanation is an essential part of every publication dealing with medical law. Chapter provides a comprehensive view of the institutes, which are largely discussed in subsequent chapters. The next three chapters deal with the issues of informed consent, duty of confidentiality of medical staff and management of medical documentation. Informed consent is the central institute of medical law and most important element of the relationship between doctor and patient. The topic of the consent of the patient with the health care is treated in...
|
|
|
Patients'Recruitment Issues in Clinical Trials
Hrubá, Dagmar ; Doskočil, Ondřej (advisor) ; Štegmannová, Ingrid (referee)
This thesis examines patient recruitment in clinical trials. It is a current and pressing issue, which is not sufficiently embedded in the thinking of doctors and patients, their patterns of communication, and more broadly in the traditional doctor-patient relationship, which continues to be burdened by post-socialist paternalism. The formal framework and ethics have been developed relatively recently, and their application causes confusion to all participants regarding how to proceed in specific situations. In addition, the choice of topic, and especially the form of dealing with the topic, was motivated by the relative lack of academic resources and publications in the field. The theoretical section of the thesis defines clinical research and its phases, and introduces basic terminology and documents closely linked to clinical research. In addition, it focuses on research ethics, thoroughly examining the issue of informed consent - a fundamental document necessary for recruiting a patient in a clinical trial. Finally, one chapter of the thesis focuses on the issue of medical literacy, the level of which is integral to the participants' understanding of the importance of clinical research, and directly affects participants' decision-making. The empirical section is divided into two parts. The...
|
|
|
Consent in hospital - theory and practice
SÝKOROVÁ, Marta
The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The first part describes the current state of the issue of informed consent in a general context and related topics. To obtain the data, I used the qualitative research, the method of questioning, and the data collection technique of a semi-structures interview. The research sample group consisted of 11 patients and two doctors. The objective of the thesis was to identify and describe the differences between the theory and the practice of informed consent in the hospital, and to find out whether there has been any shift in the mistakes and errors associated with informed consent as stated by Haškovcová (2007). The research results have shown that the interviewed patients are not familiar with the concept of informed consent. The knowledge of the informed consent concept was more accurate by doctors as presumed. On the issue of viewed benefits of informed consent, it is clear from respondents? answers that informed consent is viewed primarily as doctors? legal protection against any complaints or lawsuits made by the patients in the performance of their profession by making the patient familiar with any complications that may occur during the performance. This benefit is perceived by both patients and doctors. Doctors see its benefit also as the protection of patients. Another benefit viewed by doctors is the written informed consent form. Six of the interviewed patients stated that informed consent was submitted to them to sign by the nurse/male nurse without proper instructions. Furthermore, doctors? answers show that the timing of instructions depends on the nature of the surgery, whether it is planned or acute. However, some patients said that they were not even instructed with the sufficient time after giving informed consent even when related to a planned procedure. The most stated form was the combination of written and oral instructions, so the patient was first instructed orally and then he was also handed a detailed description of the particular procedure in the written form. There was no uniformity about the question of the amount of submitted information among the interviewed patients as well as doctors ? some of them prefer just basic information, some of them want to know all the information. One of the interviewed doctors favored just the adequate informed consent and saw the detailed informed consent as problematic, another doctor preferred introduction of all the details, although in the written form, mainly because of legal protection. In terms of quality of the provided information, it is clear from the statements of the patients that two most important facts for them are that the performance is in their benefit and the duration of hospitalization. All patients have agreed on the fact that it is very good that they are informed about the procedure which will be performed on them. However, they were not united regarding the issue of participation in the decision ? two patients stated that not even the properly informed patient should participate in the decision about their treatment. Only one doctor expressed his stance to the patient?s participation in the decision stating that he tries to persuade his patients that his proposed solution is the optimal. The standard for the patients is to ask questions when they are concerned about something or interested in it. However, the statements showed that they do not always get the answer they are satisfied with. When the patients stated that they do not ask their doctors about anything, their reasons were enough information, lack of staff and a feeling of unwillingness on the part of doctors. If the patients did not receive enough information from the medical staff, they looked for it in other sources of information. This thesis points to the broader psychosocial context of informed consent, so its results may help during the training of staff in the assisting professions.
|
|
|
Abortion for underage people - ethical context
FILIPOVÁ, Petra
FILIPOVÁ, P. Abortion for underage people ? ethical context. České Budějovice, 2013. A diploma thesis written under Faculty of Health and Social Studies, the thesis advisor Mgr. et Mgr. Ondřej Doskočil, Th.D. The diploma thesis tries to describe the issue of abortion for underage applicants and related context. This sensitive issue is regulated by the Law no 66/1986, of abortion. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part deals with contemporary condition of abortion for underage people in general context. The following topics are analysed in the next step: historical context of abortion in the Czech Republic, relation of abortion and medicine, justificatory reasons of abortion and ethical context of this sensitive issue. Methods of abortion are described in the following section. One of the most crucial chapters is the consent and the steps which are taken in connection with underage patients. In the research part of the thesis, the strategy of qualitative research was used, which was performed by the method of interrogation. The semistructured interview was chosen as a technique for the interrogation. The research file consisted of 5 male and 3 female doctors from gynaecological surgeries and from the women department of hospitals from different parts of the Czech Republic. The aim of the diploma thesis was to describe the recent situation of providing consent about performing abortion of underage applicants for this medical intervention; to find out and describe how male and female doctors of gynaecological surgeries and women departments of hospitals deals with the whole abortion of underage people issue as professionals but also personally. The last of the generated aims was to point out ethical context connected with the issue on the basis of new-found information. In order to reach the aims mentioned above, we used a set of questions which were focused on the abortion for underage applicants procedure and on the issue of the consent about performing this medical intervention. In the discussion chapter, the answers from the interviews are summarized and those answers are compared with available literature and they are supported with arguments. In the end, thesis which can serve as hypothesis for possible quantitative research were defined. From the research, it came out that questioned male and female doctors prefer legal aspect of medical care when deciding at the expense of ethical aspects and they also notice a conflict between legal adjustment of abortion for underage people and legal adjustment of other medical interventions connected with this age group. It also came out that laws should origin from the deep conviction of the whole society because nobody cannot be sure how he or she would act in this situation. Interviewees emphasise that an underage girl should learn how to act with responsibility. If she feels mature enough for sexual life, she should also bear all the consequences of her decision. The thesis also refers to the question of the genesis of life as modern biology proves uniqueness of an individual from the moment of conception. Outcomes of the research could be used for description of the whole situation connected with abortion for underage people, for discovering this issue and extension of laymen and professional community awareness. The research could be also useful for helping professions.
|
|
|
Problem of invasive prenatal diagnostic methods from the perspective of women
POSAVÁDOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis deals with the invasive prenatal diagnostic methods from the perspective of women. The theoretical part occupies with issues of screening methods in perinatology, preparation of women for these examinations and specific care about these women after the intervention. The aim of this thesis was to find out the foreknowledge of women about the methods of prenatal invasive diagnosis. Partial aims were also determined. The first one deals with the women problems after the undergoing of prenatal invasive diagnostic method and the second one was concerned with the attitude of women towards an informed consent. As a method of research investigation was used a research casuistry. It was processed with the exploitation of guided interview which proceeds individually. Women were chosen intentionally by the author of the thesis. Through these interviews it was found that women after the amniocentesis have physical and also psychical problems. Among the physical problems belong e.g. painfulness of puncture but especially psychosomatic problems. It is a result of the psychical tension of woman who experiences the whole process of examination in a disquiet, uncertainty and has to face the worry about a fetus in the womb. The attitude towards the informed consent is that women trust information given by the doctor but still they read it although not properly. The main aim of the thesis was to find out the foreknowledge of this issue among women. By the research investigation it was found out that women have the best knowledge of the amniocentesis but during the search for information about the sampling of the amniotic fluid they find a lot of information about the chorion villi sampling or intrauterine sample of foetal blood from the umbilical cord. Women know especially the progress of amniocentesis and what results they can expect. The most often they gather information from the internet and magazines.
|
|
|
Information Patients about Preparation and Process of the Examination on the Radiodiagnostic Department
DOČEKALOVÁ, Blanka
Record about informed consent of administered medical care is set down in the government notice no.385/2006 {--} Notice about Medical Documentation. Formulation of informed consent differs in different hospitals. I introduced examples of informed consent used in some hospitals in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the USA in my thesis. I focused on the possibilities of improvement of awareness of patients of the preparations and course of radiological examination in my thesis. I elaborated overall description of preparations and the course of examinations provided by our radiological ward. The description is written in a way comprehensible to patients. It gives patients instructions how to prepare for individual examinations, how does each examination progress, where he finds out its results and what are the possible risks. This information can be provided e.g. as a leaflet or on the web page of the hospital. The summary of preparations and the course of examinations provided by radiological ward can be also used as an instruction material at medical schools.
|
|
|
Ethical Aspects of Organ Transplantations
ČANDOVÁ, Jana
In the introduction the theses deals with change of medicine paradigma and shows development and changes of transplantation method. Then is discussed the classification of transplantation and presents general conditions and biological positions, which are connected with medical ethics of organ transplantations. There are presented (and discused) important ethical aspects of cadaveric transplantation, problems of live organ donors and question of xenotransplantation. Relevant International ethical codes and legislation in the Czech Republic is also mentioned. The analysis at the end shows the urgency to engage in the problems of extended posibilities and the need of taking some limits. It is also necessary to educate professional, responsible and empathic physicians.
|
|
|
Educational activity of a nurse in preoperative preparation
PROKOP, Jiří
Education such as upbringing, teaching and training has become a common and undisputed part of nurse professional activities. Nurses take an equal and autonomous part in treatment teams at present time full of significant changes. In addition nurses are often considered to be a basic source of reform strategies. Their importance is growing steadily. Together with changes in nurse roles, the traditionally passive roles of patients have been tranformed into the active ones, that is patients realise their responsibility for their health, diseases and operations. One of the most important activities a nurse in preoperative preparation deals with is an educational activity which should support client´s comfort and prevent him from complications or at least minimise them. The aim of this activity is to inform a patient with suitable methods on preoperative preparation and prevent misinformation, misunderstanding and complications. Nurse competence is done by the Law 20/1966 in § 23, par 1 called ``About public health care`` : a health care worker can provide information on those activities which he/she is allowed to perform so nurses can inform on nurse treatment. Within the framework of the Law 424/2004 a nurse provides health care in terms of legal regulations and standards, provides information and educates in accordance with his/her qualifications. There are some differences between a nurse and a registered nurse in their competences, however, a general nurse can deal with highly specialised nurse activities under supervision of a registered nurse. The aim of this work consisted in finding out if nurses educated patients during a preoperative preparation and pacients were informed about the availability of preoperative education. The aim was accomplished. The research was based on a quantitative method, an anonymous questionnaire. There were 396 questionnaires distributed to 198 patients after a surgical operation and 198 operating room nurses in Praque in March 2008. Among 349 questionnaires which were analysed, 175 went back from patients and 174 from nurses. Two hypotheses were stated. H1: Patients are not informed about the availability of preoperative education by nurses before preoperative preparation and H2: Patients are educated in preoperative preparation. The first hypothesis was disproved the other was proved. The research can be concluded with these results: most patient respondents know that they can be educated by nurses in preoperative preparation and they are really educated. The educational standard is not bad but can be improved. Unfortunately the operating room nurse role in preoperative preparation was underestimated. Public and nurses should be informed more about preoperative preparation. The work is composed to be used for educating patients and nurses about this problem. The research conclusions can be published in journals or presented at lectures so that the preoperative preparation can be improved and a new preoperative standard made up.
|
|
|
Media images related health professionals and patients
SÝKOROVÁ, Marta
Media image of a health worker ? a patient relationship The presented bachelor thesis describes the media image of a relationship between a health worker and a patient in the mirror of television series both from the view of present days and with looking back thirty years and their mutual comparison. A theoretical part concerns issues of medical ethics (basic concepts, a transformation of the relationship between a health worker and a patient, basic principles, Patients´ rights, Informed consent), then a communication in the health care and mass communication (especially the interaction relationship between mass media and reality). In the practical part there was used a method of a qualitative research, an observation of selected parts of the television series Hospital at the outskirts of the city (Nemocnice na kraji města) and Surgery in the Rose Garden 2 (Ordinace v růžové zahradě 2). Results of the observation were divided into six parts describing not only a general perspective of the relationship between the health worker and the patient (in terms of paternalism x partnership), but also partial facts which are important for this relationship (information for patients, a common health workers and patients´ communication, a communication of the health workers with close relatives of the patients, permitting of visits, a compliance with the mandatory medical confidentiality by the health workers and an image of a medicine doctor). According to the results the most noticeable shift in the relationship between the health worker and the patient can be observed in their everyday communication, the least noticeable in a compliance with the professional confidentiality. In practice, it would be possible to use the knowledge gained by the research for a publication in a professional literature and for a preparation of an educational material for workers in helping professions.
|
guest ::
