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Effect of grazing and mowing on vegetation of dry grasslands
Pechová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čiháková, Kateřina (referee)
Grassland communities are natural part of our landscape. They were mostly created or maintained by human. If we leave them to their natural development they will disappear. Today grazing or mowing is recommended as an appropriate management. This work is an answer to the beginning of the grazing and mowing management in NPP Kaňk near Kutná Hora. Its goal is preparation for the monitoring of grazing and mowing, which will be in progress in this locality since year 2010.
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Chamois game in Jeseníky region (N Moravia)
Šlesinger, Ivo ; Červený, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kušta, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this study was to compile knowledge of the chamois breeding from their introduction in district Hrubý Jeseník up to now. The knowledge from physiology, morphology and evaluation of environmental surroundings was used to appraise the adaptability. Articles published in literature, journals and web sites became the base of the study. The impact of restrictive measures in consequence of legislative changes valid from 1990 was judged/evaluated. Advisory Board of Regional Authority of Olomouc set up tasks for further successful chamois breeding in contemporary period.
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Long-term monitoring of amphibian populations: methods and importance
Vargas Cáceres, Liz Mabel ; Vojar, Jiří (advisor) ; Kopecký, Oldřich (referee)
In the last decade, there has been particular concern about the apparent widespread decline of many amphibian populations. Aside anthropogenic stressors, there are large, natural fluctuations in amphibian populations that need to be established through long-term monitoring programs with sufficient spatial scale to preclude the misinterpretation of preliminary data cause y variations in natural factors. The true utility of multiple, long-term studies is an understanding of how geographic and species-specific differences affect population fluctuations. Despite the obvious importance of time series analyses in this process, they are still rare in amphibian ecology. The literary review of the main causes of amphibian population declines, dynamics of the amphibians, the meta-analysis of the available long-term publication reports of amphibian population trends available at this point in time, as well as the active involvement in field work, data-collection, and the preparation of a manuscript of 11-year monitoring of abundances of the agile frog (Rana dalmatina) are the main purposes of this bachelor thesis.
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Continuous population model for single species in biology
Kozubík, Lukáš ; Čermák, Jan (referee) ; Štoudková Růžičková, Viera (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize and analyse some of the continuous population models for single species including an illustration of their application. The first chapter is about description of basic population models including briefly introducing their authors. The second chapter focuses on delay models. There is also an example of solving of an easy delay model in the program Matlab. The last chapter deals with the application of models on real data.
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Vybrané aspekty ekologie drobných savců ve vztahu k variabilitě lesních stanovišť
Čepelka, Ladislav
The present thesis deals with the ecology of small mammals in forest ecosystems of Moravia (Czech Republic). Data were obtained in the period 2002-2013. The monitored habitats were at different altitudes, of diverse forest composition, under various methods of management and at different stages of succession. The localities were situated in lowland forests of rural landscape in southern Moravia and in upland forests of Jeseníky Mts. and Beskydy Mts. During the research, small ground mammals were captured with snap traps. Captured animals were classified according to species, measured, and weighed. The stomachs were removed and stored for subsequent ingested food analysis by NIRS. Saplings on forest plantations were monitored for damage caused by small mammals. At locations of interest in southern Moravia and in the Beskids, seed-mast crop of main broadleaved species was being detected there. In the evaluation of the obtained data, the diversity of small mammals synusias was monitored at sites in lowland and upland forest ecosystems. Habitat preferences of individual species were examined too. In the most abundant species, changes in the population dynamics during monitored period were detected. Special attention was paid to population characteristics in relation to the intensity of the seed crop. In mammals from southern Moravia, quality of ingested food (ratio of nitrogenous substances in the content of stomachs) was studied by NIRS. The influence of small rodents on tree saplings was monitored in Jeseníky Mts.
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Optimalizace těžby přírodních zdrojů
Chrobok, Viktor ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Kodera, Jan (referee) ; Vošvrda, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis describes various modifications of the predator-prey model. The modifications are considering several harvesting methods. At the beginning a solution and a sensitivity analysis of the basic model are provided. The first modification is the percentage harvesting model, which could be easily converted to the basic model. Secondly a constant harvesting including a linearization is derived. A significant part is devoted to regulation models with special a focus on environmental applications and the stability of the system. Optimization algorithms for one and both species harvesting are derived and back-tested. One species harvesting is based on econometrical tools; the core of two species harvesting is the modified Newton's method. The economic applications of the model in macroeconomics and oligopoly theory are expanded using the methods derived in the thesis.
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Populační dynamika drobných savců v závislosti na potravní nabídce
Křípalová, Žaneta
The aim of this dissertation work was the study of the population dynamics of the yel-low -- necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) depending on the crop of oak seeds during the five-year period from 2008 do 2012. The research of small terrestrial mammals was carried out in three forest complexes different in food supply in an intesinvely cultivated landscape of southern Moravia. In was an old semi-natural floodplain forest with the dominance of oak (locality Horní les 3 km a long way from the municipality of Lednice), further an productive deciduou forest with the dominance of oak and acacia (locality Hájek nearby township Vranovice) and a pheasantry with a variety of forest types formed with various species of roe deer (lo-cality Rumunská bažantnice 25 km southeast of Brno). Small mammals were caught in these areas at regular intervals to the classical mouse-hunting collapsible traps laid in lines. In total for the period were caught 1943 small mammals in eight species. There was trapped the total number of 1943 small mammals in eight species. Among the most mundant species (Apodemus flavicollis and Clethrionomys glareo-lus) there was also detected a signifiant impal seed year on the body weight of the stud-ied animals. In 2009 and in 2011 their body size was smaller even though there was a high crop of seeds of woody plants. The mason was that the crop was as late as in the autumn and so the rodents didn't have enough time to utilit the food supplies suffi-ciently that year. The relative is that to harvest occurred as late as in the fall and rodents so missed this year's food supply enough to be used. Abundance significantly varied among the localities. There was found out the tendency to prefer the most variable bi-otop in Rumunská bažantnice. The small mammals responded to the high crop of seeds in the autumn of 2009 and 2011, population growth in follows, therefore,in 2010 and 2012. Great crop of acorns may lead to a sharp increase in population, which can then cause damage to the natural regeneration of oak or artificial regeneration of the sowing.
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