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New devices for diagnostics of historical structures
Hasníková, Hana ; Kloiber, Michal ; Zíma, Pavel
The aim of the paper is to present a few new devices that were developed at ITAM AS CR for non-destructive testing of materials, especially those from historically valuable structures. So called microtube is a semi-automatic portable tool for water absorption measurements. It consists of box with microprocessor where the time is recorded and the plastic “pistol” – a part that is in contact with the material surface and where the scaled micro-tube is fixed on. The natural stones, mortars and other porous materials can be measured by the microtube; it is very useful to assess the efficiency of various hydrophobic treatments used within the restoration. The diagnostic device for in-situ assessment of timber in existing structures enables direct determination of conventional compressive strength and modulus of deformability in arbitrary depth along timber profile. The semi-destructive method causes a very gentle damage on the structural members.
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Modern Sacral Architecture.
PODROUŽKOVÁ, Petra
The thesis deals with European sacral architecture of the twentieth and the twenty-first century. Particularly, it refers to Judaic, Roman-Catholic and Islamic buildings. The second part puts into historical context the sacral constructions of individual religions including their function, characters and typology. In the third part of this thesis the representative sample of significant modern sacral constructions is selected, always under circumstances regarding their creation, the urban description and the setting in a specific location as well as the architectural layout, the interior arrangment and a possible use of special technological procedures at their construction. The mutual comparison and the evaluation of the modern European sacral architecture development are carried out in the fourth part. This section notices the function and the usage of light and presents some extraordinary buildings from this point of view. The final fifth part tries to answer the question, how a modern temple should look like.
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Characteristics of Damage to the Structural Element by Creating its "Degradation Profile"
Frankl, Jiří
This paper presents results of experimental establishment of the extent of damage and changes in strength of a wooden structural element (a rafter base) through the creation of its -degradation profile. The tested part of the structural element was divided into segments by the means of a regular network from which standard test specimens were made with dimensions of 20x20x30 mm on which strength tests under compression along the fibres of wood were carried out. Readings were divided, according to the decrease in the property observed against the values of healthy (undamaged) wood, into 4 quality groups and then transferred back to the network of segments. A graphic model description of the shape and course of degradation of wood caused by wood-destroying fungi was created, marked as the - degradation profile of an element.
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Changes in physical properties of wood damaged by activities of wood damaging fungi
Frankl, Jiří
Abstract: This paper presents results of experimental, laboratory establishment of the extent of changes in physical properties (swelling, water absorbability) of timber (spruce) damaged by the activity of wood-damaging fungi. The experiment was carried out using standard test samples (20 x 20 x 30 mm) prepared from new timber and subsequently exposed to the activities of wood-damaging fungi (Serpula lacrymans, Trametes versicolor) under optimal growth conditions for the period of 15 to 60 days. Changes in physical properties were observed in the damaged samples as per the CSN 490126 and CSN 490104 Czech National Standards. The experiment proved significant changes in the observed properties depending on the fungi type and duration of the activity thereof.
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Analysis of wood behaviour in the surroundings of a pin being pushed for the diagnostics of constructional elements of buildings
Kloiber, Michal ; Tippner, J. ; Hrivnák, J. ; Vichrová, Gábina ; Valach, Jaroslav
The technical solution of this diagnostic device for in-situ and laboratory measuring of conventional strength and the module of deformation by opening clamps in a drilled hole belongs to the field of quality and material property testing, especially concerning timber. In dependence on the specific technical solution, the device can be used for an establishment of conventional strength and the module of deformation of any material by opening clamps in a drilled hole in the examined volume. It also finds application in the situations when resistance drilling cannot be used and the mechanical properties of timber need to be established through the entire section of the examined element. Its main advantages are its speed and simple operation without a need for power distribution network.
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