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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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Effect of a graduate of field of study Special Education - tutorship in practice of providers of social care
SALABOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. First one deals with the helping professions generally, their definitions and definition of the Special education - Tutorship branch of study per se.It also briefly touches the subject of readiness of the future graduates to deal effectivelly with the challenges of a career in the field of social services. Chapter number two is called Special education and it defines the subject of special education itself, it's purpose and inner structure. Third chapter focuses on social services. It brings up it's definition and types and forms of social services.It also contains the examples of the institutions which fall into this category and it's providers. Chapter number four, which happens to be the last one in the theoretical part of the thesis, covers the role and purpose of graduates of the special education - tutorship studies. It brings up the definition of a social worker, necessary prerequisites as well as beneficial personality traits and feautures. In a subchapter of chapter four is a short description of a pedagogue tutor. Definition who he actually is, who are proper candidates for this position, what are desired personality traits we look for in tutors and the actual content and purpose of their work in institutions providing social services. The end of chapter four is dedicated to a position of a social worker. His activities, the position and definition of a personal assistant and again personality traits needed for a successful career in this field. The objective of the practical part of the thesis is to describe working of Special education - tutorship studies graduates in practice. Particularly their experiences "from the field", how do they evaluate the level of skill of fresh graduates during their first encounters with the reality, how satisfied are they with their choice of a career so far and what was their motivation to pursue such career. Practical part of the thesis includes qualitative research. To meet the above objectives, data collection technique had been chosen using a structured interview with the respondents, who were graduates of Special education tutorship studies. You can tell by the results of this thesis that graduates in the field of social services apply mostly to lower positions as a social service workers, even though they are qualified to perform as a social workers. The age of clients with whom the respondents work ranges from childhood to senior. The motivation that led those questioned respondents to the decision to choose the area of social services varies. Some reported that they were influenced by the actual practical experience during their studies at the university, when both the work itself and their enthusiasm for the target group played role. Others expressed they had previous experience working with people with disabilities or they just wanted to acquire new experiences. Also, involvement of a family member and their previous education was a motivation. Job satisfaction is evident from observed data, and it also contributes to work done accurately and responsibly. Personal benefits for the respondents according to findings are usually their usefulness at work, new experiences they are getting and last but not least advances of their clients. As the biggest advantage the respondents usually mention variability of their work, target group and the clients in itself and the fact, that their work is highly satisfying and they basically work in a very pleasant team of individuals. On the other hand, not exactly satisfying financial reward and challenging working hours are mentioned as disadvantages. Special education - tutorship studies - the branch they've studied, is by the majority of respondents considered to be beneficial for them and they especially highlight practical impact of practice they completed during their studies and which included visits to various relevant institutions.
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Differentiation of offers and methods of working physiotherapy of persons with a mental or combined handicap in a practice of social service providers and another subjects.
POŠMUROVÁ, Nikola
In the Bachelor's thesis I have dealt with differentiation of tenders and rehabilitation methods. Specifically, individuals with mental or multiple disabilities and for providers of social services and other bodies. In the theoretical part I focused on defining the basic terms relating to that issue. In the introductory chapter I dealt with the definition of the concept of mental disability, causes of its creation and definition of degrees of mental retardation. The next chapter is devoted to the combined disability, specifically the yoke of the definition, causes of and classification. In the third chapter is devoted to the importance of the work, the status of the work in a person's life and the status of work for persons with disabilities, including individuals with mental or multiple disabilities in Bachelor thesis I. In the next chapter, I deal with comprehensive rehabilitation system, specifically the remedies rehabilitation, educational resources, social resources, rehabilitation, rehabilitation and special attention devoted work resources, rehabilitation, which will directly affect the Bachelor thesis. Furthermore, I determine a target group the work of rehabilitation and the preconditions for its implementation. In other chapters is devoted to the specification of tools and resources work rehabilitation, employment policy tools and I define jobs that are offered to persons with intellectual disabilities. In the practical part of the thesis, first determine the main aim and target work. The main goal was to determine what are the menus and methods of rehabilitation for people with mental or multiple disabilities with providers of social services. As the target I had set to determine what are the possibilities of transmission from individual to social services on the open employment market. Specifically, I've focused on the resources provided by the rehabilitation of daily, weekly care centers or day service center, in addition to the socio-therapeutic workshops, in a sheltered employment, and employment on the open employment market. To meet the objectives I used a qualitative approach, specifically the semi-structured interview with six providers of social services of the South Bohemian region The analysis of the information obtained, I discovered that if the device is operated daily, weekly social welfare institution or Centre, day services, the services provided are identical, not different from each other. In the case of socio-therapeutic workshops is the diversity of the wider, each device provides a variety of services, different options, some devices have socio-therapeutic workshops directly on the device, others have socio-therapeutic workshops and externally, outside of your device. Protected jobs are also in the majority of providers of social services offered both within and outside the device, always the odd jobs, such as in the kitchen, cleaning, in teahouses and the like. It always depends on the type and degree of disability, on the basis of a levy for the client to the appropriate activities. Location of the client on the open employment market is not very common in most devices, some devices that offer clients or do not provide. Partial objective was to detect transmission, I found that the only limiting factor is the client's disability that limits its options and device options, of course, that the services it offers and delivers. The aim of all devices is to achieve the greatest possible degree of autonomy of the client and allow it to advance from care centers or day service center in the socio-therapeutic workshops, found a protected job, and a job on the open employment market.
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Assistance as compensatory and supporting means of the special pedagogy
PÝCHOVÁ, Lucie
My Bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of "Assistance as a compensation and support to special pedagogy". The aim of my bachelor thesis is to complete theoretical knowledge related to the assistance phenomenon and to analyse the occupation of personal assistant. The aim of practical part of my bachelor thesis is to implement the comparison of legislative determination and provable working activities carried out by pedagogical and personal assistant. In accordance with the aimes specified above has been established two partial aims. 1st aim: to examine what the assistants´ work motivation is. 2nd aim: to examine the level of assistants´ self contentment.Thesis is devided into two parts theoretical and practical one.Theoretical part is devided into three units. First unit defines the key words: assistance, compensation and support, special pedagogy, social integration and inclusion. Second unit is focused on personal assistance itself. Related key words are defined as well. In this unit I also describe a historical development of the personal assistance process, working demands placed on potential assistant, possible complications related to mentioned occupation and of course everyday work routine. Third unit is focused on the personality of assistant and assistants themselves. I describe the historici development of the assistants´ personality, work requirements, work duty and cooperation with parents and educational institutions. Practical part contains the specification of work aims, methodology of investigation, related data gathering process and of course the data analysis. I interviewed pedagogical assistants just as the personal ones. All the data and results contained in my bachelor thesis can be used for needs of any related organisation recruiting new assistants, because it contains informations which could be useful when hiring people. My thesis can be also used as a background material for any further students.
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Supervision in psychiatric nursing
RŮŽIČKOVÁ NEUŽILOVÁ, Michaela
Basic theoretical background The theoretical part of the thesis explores the issue of supervision and focuses on psychiatric nursing. It is divided into several parts. The first part is focused on supervision, briefly characterizes supervision as such, then it describes its divisions, functions and methods. It also explores the participants of supervision, the agreement on supervision, transcultural supervision and Balint groups. The following part describes historical development of psychiatric nursing, briefly presents the personality of Joyce E. Travelbee. In the conclusion of the theoretical part of the thesis the problems of education and competence of nurses in psychiatric care are introduced, marginally mentioning the Turku declaration. The aim of the work The main aim of the thesis is to investigate the awareness of nurses working in psychiatric care of the clinical supervision options. The task of the second objective is to find out the opinion on supervision of nurses working in psychiatric care. The third objective is focused on means to assist nurses working in psychiatric care in their personal development and growth within their practices. The purpose of the fourth objective is to find experience with supervision of nurses working in psychiatric care. The methods used Qualitative investigation was chosen for the empirical part of the thesis. The method used for data collection was in the form of semi-structured interview. The interviews with the respondents were taken down using a voice recorder and transcribed, qualitative data was then analyzed by pencil and paper encoding technique and semantically organized into 27. groups of categorization. The selection of a research sample was intentional, consisting of twelve nurses working in psychiatric care in the Czech Republic. Results The research focused on nurses who do not have personal experience with supervision revealed that they have certain awareness of the supervisory process, however not quite sufficient to be able to describe the nature and function of supervision in its entirety. Their knowledge is rather theoretical. They understood supervision as help to solve disharmonious relationships in the workplace, as well as it could improve communication skills of the nurses, it would also assist in dealing with crisis intervention and prevent burnout syndrome. The results regarding nurses who do not participate in the supervisory process clearly indicated that they have insufficient support and the opportunity for both their professional and personal growth in their workplace, while this important could be solved by supervision. The research, which covered only nurses who have had personal experience with supervision and regularly participate in it, showed that their knowledge and skills related to the supervision process are quite sufficient to be able to understand and use supervision practically in the whole range. These nurses sees supervision as a benefit that would allow them not only to understood themselves, but also to learn how to manage challenging situations that are a part of their profession. Supervision gives them confidence, provides support and teaches them to deal with people who are part of their work process. Supervision has become a tool for preventing burnout and showed them how to use their own potential effectively. Conclusion This thesis is focused on the use of supervision in psychiatric nursing. Working with mentally challenged patients is very demanding, therefore supervision plays its justified role there. If you do not know yourself and you are not able to solve your own problems, you can never effectively and comprehensively address the problems of others, who are often desperately waiting for your help. The results will be presented at professional seminars designed not only to nurses working in psychiatric care.
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The role of nurses and their impact on the care of patients with total hip arthroplasty.
SLABÁKOVÁ, Květoslava
Total hip replacement is one of the most extensively and highly effective operating methods in orthopaedics. The patients are brought back the self-sufficiency, life without the pain and noticeably motion restriction. Irreplaceable function here is a role of the nurse, who helps the patient to return back to his common life...The aim of this work was to find out, how the patients feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care before and after the total hip replacement as the less fulfilled. There were following research questions set: How the patients feel the role of the nurse before and after the total hip replacement? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the interpretation of the nurse roles? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care. Which of the nurse roles are felt by the patient as the unsatisfactory in postoperative care? The patients before and after the total hip replacement feel through the everyday nurse activities the nurse in her role of the caregiver and education giving person, following the nurse vindicator and the nurse bearer of changes. The patients feel the care thanks these roles as a quality, holistic and continual. Nevertheless was the role of the education giving named as the least fulfilled. In connection with these research results was created a manual, a Guide book for the patients before and after the total hip replacement. This Guide book was given to testing purposes. This Guide book was appreciated by the patients very positive despite a large amount of information, which were surprising for many of them. We gained some data, which gave the impulse to complete the information in the Guide.The created Guide book can´t replace the effective communication of the patient with the medical staff, which could be always the most suitable "source" of information.
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Lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease before and after surgery
REZKOVÁ, Helena
Theoretical background: Peripheral arterial disease is a serious disease of Loir limb arteries which originates from atherosclerosis. The theoretical part deals with the lifestyle. There are mentioned basic risk factors of chronic forms. Further described are the pathophysiology changes generated on the basis of atherosclerosis and related causes for the origin of the disease. Subsequently there are explained methods of classification, developed clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy. This section also looks at the role of a nurse in the care of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate how patients with peripheral arterial disease changed their lifestyle after invasive vascular surgery. There were provided the following research questions: How do patients with peripheral arterial disease approach to the prevention of risk factors? What is in patients with peripheral arterial disease the main impuls for the possible change of their lifestyle? What influences surgery patient's attitude to risk factors for peripheral arterial disease? How crucial is a lifestyle change in patients after surgery for peripheral arterial disease? Methods: The theoretical part is processed using expert sources. The empirical part of the theses was processed using qualitative research. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews with patients, with prepared open questions. The research was done in several phases - the first interview was conducted at the patient admission department (before surgery), followed by the next phase after three months, and 6 months after surgery. The interviews were recorded on a prepared form, then transcribed into electronic form and analyzed by open coding method. Results: The research showed that surgery can sometimes be triggered by changes in the patient's lifestyle. The first interviews in the preoperative period focused on how respondents felt, what was their lifestyle before surgery for atherosclerotic changes of the lower extremities. One of the questions was focused on patient knowledge about risk factors for the development of PAD and possible prevention. The second phase of interviews took place 3 months after the surgery. It dealt with the question about the respndents´ lifestyle, the respondents in the postoperative period, whether there were any changes. Some positive changes occurred in eating and there were some changes in doing physical activity. The third stage was carried out six months after surgery, again in order to detect changes in lifestyle. Minor changes came in smoking habits, the issue of diet and physical aktivity. Questions were also focused on the psychological level. We found out who helped patients and what was most motivating in implementing changes. In the conclusion/summing up question the patients marked themselves ow they managed to make a change. Conclusion: The number of patients with peripheral arterial disease and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing. The basis is the start to modify risk factors, namely tobacco use,dietary habits, physical activity. The medical staff members participate on changes in patients´ lifestyle by appropriate education. The problem occurs when the patient despite the support of close people can not cope to carry a twist in their life. There should a medical staff member offer a professional help to deal with this important step. Practical use: The aim is to draw attention to the expansion of education about lifestyle changes for patients diagnosed with PAD also in the postoperative period. Patients who are released to home care should receive enough information that would convince them to change their attitude towards their health, and that surgery is only one of the ways to prevent further attacks and complications. Results can improve communication with patients and focus on increasing their awareness and possibly offer assistance.
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The need for security and safety in connection with a planned surgery with the patient's perspective and nurses
BOHDALOVÁ, Jaroslava
A planned operation performance always affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety. It is important to provide necessary information connected with the planned operation performance itself so that the patient can feel assure and safe. The key role for the patient and her/his needs for assurance and safety is in general nurse´s hands because she is the closest person to the patient and can help to inspire her/his needs for assurance and safety with konfidence best through the aid of her knowledge and skills that she should have as well as through the aid of her attitudes. The target of the thesis was to find out how a planned operation performance affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety and how a general nurse inspires patient´s needs for assurance and safety connected with a planned operation performance with confidence. The following research questions were stated: How does a planned operation performance affect patient´s needs for assurance and safety? How does a general nurse affect patient´s needs for assurance and safety connected with a planned operation performance to inspire her/him with confidence? What is insufficient in filling patient´s needs for assurance and safety before a planned operation performance? How can a general nurse help a patient control her/his fear and state of anxiety related to a planned operation performance? The method qualitative research with the use of depth interview was used to figure out the investigation. The respondents were willing to record the interview which were verbally rewritten and then subjected to the contents analysis by the method paper and pencil. From the research it is clear that a planned operation performance affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety in a negative way disregarding to her/his previous experience. Patient´s worries and negative feelings can be eliminated by a general nurse who treats her/him as equal, taking up an individual approach, informing her/him about all performances and proceedings, having a calming and welcoming way of communication, using empathy and listening as well as trying to meet patient´s wishes according to her possibilities. The research reveals the advantage of patients´ readiness for planned operation performances. Patients can learn it in the framework of educational proceeding in the out-patients´ department at the same time when they learn that they are going to be operated. The research also shows that general nurses do not have enough knowledge in the sphere of therapeutical communication. The results indicate that it would be suitable to start educating patients as soon as it is known how their disease will be solved and treated in order to reduce the negative impact of surgical treatment to patients´ needs for assurance and safety. General nurses should complete their knowledge and skills to be able to help patients to cope with their difficult life-situation. On the basis of the research investigation and after the consultation with the senior nursing officer, the training course will be organized. The topic of the training course will concentrate on communication with patients before planned operation performances with a view to therapeutical communications and therapeutical interviews. Other discovered facts, for example, the lack of information provided to patients and possibilities regarding better patients´ readiness for planned operation performances will surely be solved by the hospital management.
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Consumption of fiber in old age
ŠÁLEK, Jan
The theme of this bachelor thesis is the Consumption of fiber in the old age (seniors). Formerly, the dietary fiber was considered unnecessarily burdensome for human organism. Later, it was found that it has a relatively large impact on human health, especially by serving as a prebiotic for symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. There is still prevailing opinion that roughage divides into a soluble and insoluble, despite that some types of fiber cannot be definitely classified and placed into any of these groups because they have characteristics of both of them. The daily recommended dose is 30 g. The qualitative research was used for elaboration of the practical part. The first goal was to find out how much fiber seniors consume. The second aim was to compare the consumption of fiber among elderly people living alone and the elderly living in retirement homes built for them. The research group, at the first research question, consists of 20 seniors from the Southern Region aged over 65 years. The research group, at the second research question, consists of five retirement homes from the whole Czech Republic. All respondents were given a record sheet for one week, and instructions on how to fill it. Acquired menus were subsequently re-calculated through the program "Nutriservis Professional". The results show higher consumption of fiber than the average in the Czech Republic, but there is still almost a half missing to get the recommended daily dose. There was observed BMI and its impact on the consumption of fiber. No significant effect was found, because overweight had all interviewees except one respondent. The financial limit is visible for evaluated diet of homes for the elderly, therefore, there are no whole grain products, vegetables and almost no fruit. Despite these limitations, the average consumption of fiber is almost equal to elderly people living alone. In conclusion, there is a proposition how to, despite the low funds, increase the intake of roughage, and avoid or, at least, reduce the problems associated with its low consumption. Recommendations for respondents are individual and given under each evaluation.
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Cystic fibrosis and Nutrition
PECHOVÁ, Jana
The name of bachelor's thesis is "Cystic fibrosis and nutrition". Cystic fibrosis is hereditary chronic disease. It is dysfunction ducts of chloride in a human organism. The manifestation of cystic fibrosis is large quantities of a mucus in the respiratory and digestive system of patient with this diagnostic. This disease we put in the group of very rare illnesses. The smaller percentage citizens in the Czech Republic have this disease. For the people with cystic fibrosis is priority follow recommended eating habits. Prognosis of this disease is getting better and patients can live full-value life. This thesis dealing with how observe the recommended eating habits and eating regimens. The thesis contains some objectives. First, there is finding out whether children who suffer from cystic fibrosis can all sorts of foodstuffs whether they have special requests for quality and preparation of foodstuffs. The second most important objective is appraisal of diets some sample of people with cystic fibrosis. For objectivity this thesis was chose four respondents in age bracket from three to eighteen years. On the basis of evaluation their week-long diet, questionnaires with their parents and with them and manoeuver a conversation will be to find out whether children observe all principle of recommended eating regimens. In the theoretic part of the thesis are use opinions of experts who are occupying with cystic fibrosis exhaustively. Their experience show how is important to choose right diet and observe correct eating principles and eating regimens. These opinions are use in the practical part. Conclusions from discussion can be used for practical work nutritive therapists who can meet with children with cystic fibrosis.
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