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Poliomyelitis and contemporary issues of its eradication
PETRÁŇOVÁ, Monika
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the eradication of infectious polio and its current problems. Polio is a highly infectious disease of viral origin. The most effective form of protection from the disease is vaccination. The main aim of this work was to determine the major issues in polio surveillance in the Pilsen region at present. Intermediate goals were determined in relation to the main aim: to ascertain the awareness of practicing paediatricians about the principles of poliomyelitis surveillance with an emphasis on diagnosing and reporting cases of acute palsy and further to ascertain the quality of the cooperation between the locally competent public health authority and practicing paediatricians in the field of poliomyelitis surveillance. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The practical part was elaborated using a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with practicing paediatricians and with the locally competent public health authority. The research was participated in by 9 practicing paediatricians and one public health authority worker from the Pilsen region, with an average length of practice of 20 years. The resulting data was then evaluated by a coding method and divided into schemes according to Švaříček and Šeďová (2007). Three research questions were defined based on the set aims: RQ1: What do practising paediatricians see as the prime problems in polio surveillance? RQ2: How many cases of acute palsy do practising paediatricians record and subsequently report to the competent public health authority? RQ3: What is the quality of the cooperation between practising paediatricians and the locally competent public health authority? The research revealed that, according to the practising paediatricians, the problem in poliomyelitis surveillance is refusal of the vaccination and the associated decreasing immunisation coverage of the population. The next most commonly reported problem was population migration. Furthermore, it was found that not one practising paediatrician recorded or reported cases of acute palsy in their surgery. Only one respondent encountered acute palsy 10 years ago. The answer to the last research question is also apparent from the information obtained. More than half of the respondents agreed that so far there is no cooperation on this issue. Although four respondents stated that the cooperation is at a high level and is of very good quality.
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Teachers' Code of Ethics
HÁJKOVÁ, Hana
Thesis is focused on problematics of ethical codex of teachers in Czech republic. Target of this work is to get informations about opionions from teachers views from practise related to this topic. The teoretical part describes ethical codexes of helping professions and presents codexes of related disciplines existing abroad in more detail. In the practical part is examined awareness of czech teachers with the help of qualitative research. Qualitative research runs through halfstructurated interviews, when are addressed teachers of basic school in which was determined own codex and the teachers who are not bound by it.
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Use of e-learning education of universal nurses in Militari university hospital - University hospital Prague
JANKŮ, Kamila
The diploma work submitted is called The Use of E-Learning Education of Nurses in the Central Military Hospital Military University Hospital Prague. The theoretical part of the diploma work deals especially with the significance of e-learning, distance learning, history of education of nurses in the Czech Republic and e-learning in health care. In addition, the work includes information of the Central Military Hospital and describes its present circumstances and use of e-learning in the working process. 5 aims and 4 hypotheses were set for the quantitative research. The first aim was to determine the time demands of the e-learning courses study. The second aim was to determine the attitude of general nurses to e-learning education. The third one focused on contribution of e-learning education for general nurses and for the hospital management. The last aim focused on satisfaction of general nurses with the form, contents and diversity of e-learning courses. The fourth aim was used to determine reasons leading for development of e-learning courses for general nurses. Four hypotheses were determined: H1: It takes less time to complete e-learning course studies than regular studies. H2: Nurses younger than 30 years of age prefer e-learning education unlike nurses older than 30. H3: The effectiveness of regular studies is better than the effectiveness of e-learning education. H4: E-learning courses are not as financially demanding as regular courses. The data collection technique consisted in our own anonymous non-standardized questionnaire containing 32 items. The research file consisted of 212 general nurses working in clinical departments of the Central Military Hospital. An additional method was based on a dialogue with the Education Team Manager of the Central Military Hospital. The research results related to the hypotheses show that completing e-learning course studies does not take less time than completing a regular course. Nurses younger than 30 years of age do prefer e-learning education contrary to nurses older than 30. The effectiveness of regular courses in contrast to e-learning education has not been confirmed as well as the fact that financial demands of an e-learning course are lower than financial demands of a regular course. Further, nurses prefer regular forms of studies, mostly with their passive participation in an educational event; however, they find completion of e-learning courses more convenient. Most respondents also expressed a positive opinion on the form, contents and diversity of e-learning courses. Courses include enough information for preparation of a final test and nurses find the number of courses necessary for periodical evaluation adequate. What they consider limiting is the impossibility to retake the final test; they mostly suggested it should be allowed to take the final test twice or three times. The research implies that a higher percentage of the respondents spend as much time as they want studying. Nurses still prefer regular forms of studies with passive participation to the e-learning form. Most nurses have a positive opinion on the current contents of courses in the form of a text format. The course topics are mostly based on suggestions by members of the Non-Medical Professions Education Team of the Central Military Hospital. The research results will be presented at the next regular meeting of members of the Non-Medical Professions Education Team of the Central Military Hospital. Procedures for improvement of the form of the current courses will be presented and proposed as well as the possibility to develop communication between the author and students, the limiting impossibility to retake final tests and the suggestions concerning the number of possibilities to retake them.
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Vliv teploty vody a intenzity světla na raný vývoj sumečka afrického v komerčním chovu
PROKEŠOVÁ, Markéta
The successful production of quality early fish stages is crucial for artificial rearing fish species. Nevertheless, it is quite a problematic process, because fish as poikilothermic organisms are highly sensitive to various environmental conditions. Moreover, both fish embryos and larvae are more affected by biotic and abiotic factors (such as predation, stocking density, temperature, light, pH, salinity, oxygen saturation, feeding availability, or their interactions) than older juveniles or adults. Most fish processes such as reproduction, metabolism, survival, development and growth can be considerably (positively, negatively or not) influenced by these conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand their impacts on fish stages during embryonic, larval, juvenile, adult, and eventually the senescent period. Then, following the application of new knowledge to the practise, especially species- and age-specific optimal conditions, should result in higher survival, better growth rate, well developed fish without deformities and lower cannibalism. The objectives of the present thesis were to assess the effect of water temperature and light intensity on the early development (embryonic and larval period) of African sharptooth catfish as a perspective fish species for freshwater intensive aquaculture. Due to its great characteristics (for instance fast growth, ability to breathe atmospheric air, rearing at high stocking density) this species can meaningfully contribute to the global aquaculture production which is expected to rise in the coming years. However, there are still some difficulties in the early rearing African sharptooth catfish regarding the cannibalism, feeding, survival and necessity of detailed information about the effects of some abiotic factors and their interactions.
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Iniciace pohybu byčíku, signalizace a regulace pohyblivosti spermií ryb: fyzikální a biochemické řízení
PROKOPCHUK, Galina
The current study attempted to shed light on the regulatory processes and response arrangements of fish spermatozoa during the course of maturation and motility initiation. The first intent of this study was to improve the understanding of the mechanism underlying the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in sturgeon. Up to present work, the physiological process underlying sperm maturation in this species has not been described at all. Our results showed that sperm maturation in sturgeon occurs outside the testes because of dilution of sperm by urine and involves the participation of high molecular weight substances as well as calcium ions present in seminal fluid and/or urine. The second aim of the present study was to investigate the coping mechanisms in fish spermatozoa with osmotic and ionic activating mode, as well as in spermatozoa of euryhaline fishes, to various environmental conditions. We showed that alteration of environmental osmolality might affect the fish sperm in different ways, depending on fish species and modes of spermatozoa motility activation either osmotic or ionic mode. In response to osmotic stress caused by hypotonicity, carp spermatozoa regulated the flow of water across their cell membrane and increased their cytoplasmic volume during their short motility period. In contrast, no indications of sperm volume changes were observed neither in sterlet nor in brook trout spermatozoa, both of which having an ionic mode of motility activation. We also examined the mechanism by which sperm motility triggering in euryhaline fishes can adapt to a broad range of environmental salinity. Our results demonstrated that spermatozoa of euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, reared in fresh-, sea- or hypersaline water can be activated in hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic conditions of swimming milieu, provided Ca2+ ions are present at various levels. It was established that the higher the fish rearing salinity or the more hypertonic ambient media at spermatozoa activation, the higher extracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions is required. The results obtained in the present study allow suggesting that osmolality is not the main factor inhibiting sperm motility inside the testis in the S. melanotheron heudelotii. A third aim of this study was investigation of the regulation of motility initiation process and description of flagellar beating initiation in chondrostean spermatozoa. We detected that K+ inhibition of sperm motility in sturgeon can be by-passed due to the pre-exposure of sperm cells to a high osmolality shock prior to its transfer to K+-rich swimming media. Thus, we hypothesized that sturgeon spermatozoa may be activated by use of an unexpected signaling pathway, independent from regular ionic stimulation. The successive activation steps in sturgeon spermatozoa were investigated by high-speed video microscopy, using specific experimental situation, where sperm motility initiation was delayed in time up to several seconds. At motility initiation, the first couple of bends formed at the basal region begins to propagate towards the flagellar tip, but gradually fades when reaching the mid-flagellum. This behavior repeats several times until a stage where the amplitudes of bends gradually reach similar value, what eventually leads to sperm progressive displacement. The total period needed for the flagellum to switch from immobility with rigid shape to full activity with regular propagating bends ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 seconds. In conclusion, the results of the current study bring valuable pieces of information into the general understanding of the processes of maturation of fish spermatozoa, their adaptability to different physical and biochemical circumstances, the extra- and intra-cellular signaling as well as the regulatory mechanisms of motility activation in fish spermatozoa.
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Comparison of production and conditions of use of liquid biofuels in different countries
Semerák, Adam ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Krepl, Vladimír (referee)
Biofuels production has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Many countries initiated legislative measures to promote their development, production and use in the transport sector. However, there are also growing concerns about the economic, environmental and social sustainability of biofuels, as well as their ability to truly meet the expectations of energy security.
This paper attempted to point out the complexity and diversity of the production and use of liquid biofuels in the transport sector while using available information resources. More specifically, bioethanol and biodiesel which are most commonly used biofuels. Furthermore, he also tried to point out the diversity of characteristics and impacts in production and use of liquid biofuels, as well as the importance of consideration of the specific local conditions. That was examined from four perspectives of sustainability: technological, economical, socioinstitutional, and environmental. To illustrate the diversity and interdependence of the impacts of this whole issue two countries with very different human development indexes were selected. The Malaysia and India.
At the basis of this paper the author concluded that for successful and sustainable production of liquid biofuels there must be taken into account all the factors examined equally. He also emphasized the importance of further research of this renewable energy source in terms of ensuring future energy security.
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Regional Policy and its Role in Development of Pardubický Region
Pluhařová, Iveta ; Husák, Jakub (advisor) ; Martina, Martina (referee)
The Czech Republic through its European Union membership obtains a possibility at development projects to draw on financial support from the European funds. This diploma thesis deals with the regional policy in context of the European funds and the regional policy effect on the Pardubice Region development. The Regional policy (including its principles, tools and targets) and an evaluation of draw on possibilities of European subsidy instruments for regional development (in framework of Regional Operation Programmes) are described in the first part of the thesis. The second (main) part deals with an analysis of the projects realized in particular counties of the Pardubice Region during programme period 2007 2013. This analysis is realized with theoretical and practical experiences and based on available data and documents from Regional Council NUTS 2 Northeast. The main part of the thesis also contains a particular projects comparison based on information which had been obtained in interview with managers of the projects. This comparison gives information related to the impact on regional policy in the Pardubice Region.
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Activities of nonprofit organizations focused on education
Nedvědová, Michaela ; Tomšíková, Kateřina (advisor)
The goal of this final bachelor s work is to map the position of public libraries (as significant representatives of non-profit organisation) and their activities in adult education.
The theoretical part deals with the need of lifelong learning in contemporary society, introduces documents that belong to the base of work domain of public libraries and the concepts of public libraries for the next period.
It zooms in on the current activities of libraries in adult education, options for different activities in libraries in adult education in contemporary society.
The practical part focuses on Municipal Library of Prague and its educational activities for adults. I was allowed to do my practise work there, participate in some events and conduct a survey, that became basis for an educational program for adults.
Sources:
Beneš, Milan. Andragogika. 2., aktualiz. a rozš. vyd. Praha: Grada, 2014. 176 s. Pedagogika. ISBN 978-80-247-4824-5.
Burke, Peter. Společnost a vědění. Od Gutenberga k Diderotovi. 1. české vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2007. 304 s. Limes. ISBN 978-80-246-1319-2.
Jarvis, Peter. Adult education and lifelong learning: theory and practice. 3rd ed. London: Routledge Falmer, 2004. xvii, 382 s. ISBN 0-415-31492-5.
Knihovny současnosti 2011: sborník z 19. konference, konané ve dnech 13. - 15. září 2011 v Českých Budějovicích. 1. vyd. Ostrava: Sdružení knihoven ČR, 2011. 154 s. ISBN 978-80-86249-62-9.
Nakonečný, Milan. Motivace chování. 3., přepracované vydání. V Praze: Triton, 2014. 599 stran. ISBN 978-80-7387-830-6.
Rabušicová, Milada, ed. a Rabušic, Ladislav, ed. Učíme se po celý život?: o vzdělávání dospělých v České republice. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2008. 339 s. ISBN 978-80-210-4779-2.
Šerák, Michal. Zájmové vzdělávání dospělých. Vyd. 1. Praha: Portál, 2009. 207 s. ISBN 978-80-7367-551-6.
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Appaloosa breeding and their utilization
Zuzjaková, Eva ; Neumann, Cyril (advisor) ; Starostová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a summary of the basic information about breeding and utilization of appaloosa. A dominant characteristic of appaloosa is an attractive color coat pattern, which is caused through a set of genes called Leopard Complex (Lp). That is the reason, why in this thesis, at first, the history of presence of the Lp in genus Equus takes place. The presence of Lp can be found already in many cave paintings of prehistoric horses. During domestication, the coat pattern became important. The horses of the same color coat pattern, which have today appaloosa, are depicted in the Celts, Scythians and Etruscans tombs, as well as in murals of Chinese and Egyptian cultures. Significant breeding of the spotted horses are also documented in the Ferghana Valley in eastern Uzbekistan. In Europe at 16th century horses were expanded and a lot of them have spotted coat pattern. Then the Spanish settlers imported these horses to the America, where Nez Perce Indian tribe bred horses, which we know today as Appaloosa.
Furthermore, in this thesis the Appaloosa breed organization, which belongs complete to Appaloosa Horse club of America, is described. The breeding standard and characteristics, which are color coat pattern, mottled skin, visible white sclera and striped hooves are inducted. Seven various types of coat pattern and tree types of registration are also described.
The major problems in the appaloosa breed are inherited diseases. In this thesis the most serious five of them are identified. It is CSNB, congenital stationary night blindnes associated with a homozygous variant of LP gene. HYPP, hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis, which causes muscle spasm of affected horses. This disease was obtained from quarter horses. HERDA - Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia which causes irreversible damage to exposed skin. Another serious disease is PSSM, polysaccharide storage myopathy, which is one of many myopathy occuring in horses. The latter disease is lethal GBED. Affected foals lack the enzyme GBE which is necessary for the synthesis and storage of glycogen. In spite of the improving precautions, these diseases have not been fully eliminated from breeding.
Further, there are given the possibilities of using Appaloosa horses in sports, hobby and ranch works. The system of shows and their ratings is described as well.
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Potential of sustainable development of the Village
Uhlíková, Ivana ; Varvažovská, Pavla (advisor) ; Marcela, Marcela (referee)
This thesis analyzes the sustainable development strategy focusing on the environmental pillar and the subsequent evaluation of the implementation of environmental sustainability in Kladno. The main aim was to evaluate the active and environmental policy perspective of the city.
In the theoretical part are described various laws, documents and instruments relating to environmental policy and sustainable development. The thesis is talking about the area of interest, its historical development, demography, environment, social and cultural fields.
Using concrete examples it is recommended how the environmental management of Kladno could proceed in the future. The proposed recommendations are a result of analysis of all available information which include the needs and requirements of city residents.It is important to update Strategy of environmental policy and introduction of activities from the Sustainable Development Strategy SO ORP Kladno in to practise. Improving of public services and community cohesion. Establishment of school forums in primary schools.
The final part contains the results of a field survey. Questionnaires were handed and collected in combination with controlled interviews.
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