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Consumption of fiber in old age
ŠÁLEK, Jan
The theme of this bachelor thesis is the Consumption of fiber in the old age (seniors). Formerly, the dietary fiber was considered unnecessarily burdensome for human organism. Later, it was found that it has a relatively large impact on human health, especially by serving as a prebiotic for symbiotic bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. There is still prevailing opinion that roughage divides into a soluble and insoluble, despite that some types of fiber cannot be definitely classified and placed into any of these groups because they have characteristics of both of them. The daily recommended dose is 30 g. The qualitative research was used for elaboration of the practical part. The first goal was to find out how much fiber seniors consume. The second aim was to compare the consumption of fiber among elderly people living alone and the elderly living in retirement homes built for them. The research group, at the first research question, consists of 20 seniors from the Southern Region aged over 65 years. The research group, at the second research question, consists of five retirement homes from the whole Czech Republic. All respondents were given a record sheet for one week, and instructions on how to fill it. Acquired menus were subsequently re-calculated through the program "Nutriservis Professional". The results show higher consumption of fiber than the average in the Czech Republic, but there is still almost a half missing to get the recommended daily dose. There was observed BMI and its impact on the consumption of fiber. No significant effect was found, because overweight had all interviewees except one respondent. The financial limit is visible for evaluated diet of homes for the elderly, therefore, there are no whole grain products, vegetables and almost no fruit. Despite these limitations, the average consumption of fiber is almost equal to elderly people living alone. In conclusion, there is a proposition how to, despite the low funds, increase the intake of roughage, and avoid or, at least, reduce the problems associated with its low consumption. Recommendations for respondents are individual and given under each evaluation.
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Diets for food allergies
DOBRUSKÁ, Klára
I have chosen topic Diet with Food Allergy as a topic of my bachelor thesis. This illness is quite common these days. It affect infants mostly but allergy of cow´s milk protein of children under three years disappears itself mostly. There is increasing amount of causes when patient suffers more allergies. Number of people who have the most serious reaction the anaphylactic shock, icreeases. It can end with death. Doctors recommend to patients to strictly follow the elimination diet which is basic treatment of this illness. The most accurate diagnosis of illness (immunological or not) is another important factor for effective treatment. I have chosen three aims for this bachelor thesis. First to find out if patients are informed about their illness. Second to map eating habbits of people with food allergy. Third the evaluation of correctness of daily menus. I used approach of guality research. Research group consisted of six respondents with different food allergy. Those respondents wrote down their weeks menus. Menus were evaluated with program Nutriservis and it was assessed if it follows recommended dietary value. Suitable intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated for every respondent. It was evaluated if respondents follows priciples of rational diet and if their diet contains sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins. Questionnaires were another key point of this research. Questionnaires were about illness know-how of patients and who has instructed them about it. It was found out the patients hasn´t got enough information about their illness and half of them has no idea which essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins could lack in their diet. It resulted from menus simultaneously that five of six respondents do not follow principles of rational diet and eat very monotonously. Only one respondent follows strictly elimination diet others violate diet exceptionally. Respondets would appreciate other research would focus on creation of special centres and training of doctors and nutritional therapist who would be focused on food allergies. Spreading the information about illness not only to patients but to public also is really important. Another important point is to increase amount of books about food allergies at the market.
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Card of Cryptosporidium infections by humans and animals
BLÁHOVEC, Ondřej
The representatives of the Cryptosporidium genus are one of the causes of gastrointestinal tract diseases in humans and animals. In animals the host may even be a respiratory apparatus. The disease is called cryptosproridiosis. In majority of cases this infection can bypass without any major problems, but in immunosuppressed individuals it can cause serious health problems. Cryptosporidium has a monoxenous development cycle, which basically means that the entire development takes place in a single host. Exogenous stage is represented by oocysts, which are in case of a gastrointestinal disease excreted in faeces. In case of a respiratory disease the oocysts make they way out via respiratory and nasal secretions. This leads to contamination of the environment or water. In general, it is expected that Cryptosporidium isolates, which are present in one class of vertebrates, are not infectious to a non-specific host from other classes. It is also expected that cryptosporidia have low host specificity. But this does not exclude that some kinds have gradually extended its specificity to more species. It is also apparent that cryptosporidium infections are common in animals that inhabit the external environment, so even a human can be endangered by this zoonosis, although the incidence in the Czech Republic is low. The reason for the low numbers may as well be that parasitological examination is not performed very often, so the estimated prevalence in the population is probably much higher. Therefore to reveal the originator of this disease it would be appropriate to perform a parasitological examination in persons who are in contact with animals, this way the cryptosporidium infection would be excluded or proven.
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The use of new technologies in teaching mathematics
BUMBÁLEK, Roman
Modern information technologies accompany all of us in our daily life. They not only use to serve to our work and for the entertainment, they even have got a great potential to be used in the education. The submitted thesis deals with the appropriate utilization of the special IT application in the pedagogic process, especially in teaching of maths, the topic of trigonometric functions. The aim of this thesis is to create structures with a high potential of the modern technology handling. To tackle this task the graphical program GeoGebra was chosen due to its qualities for creating dynamic structures and the other advantages presented further in the thesis. To the created constructions the detailed instructions how they can be constructed are added. The thesis is also accompanied by worksheets with solved tasks, focusing on the application of trigonometric functions in real situations.
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Relationship between the coat colour and melanoma occurrence in horses
Hovorková, Kristýna ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Majzlík, Ivan (referee)
The literary review is divided into two main parts, the first part is dealing with the coloring of horses and their genetic base and the second part is dealing with melanoma formations of horses and their division. In the chapter about several color types of horses there is a description of forming basic color types which is done by three locuses: COLOR, EXTENSION and AGOUTI. Locus COLOR (CREAM) controls whether or not to create pigment. EXTENSION locus controls about the type of pigment and AGOUTI locus controls the distribution of pigment.
The next subsection gives a breakdown of the white color in horses. Greying proces is related with locus GREY where there is a loss of pigment and the coat itself. This process and mutation is commonly connected with dermal melanoma. Non-pigmented spots called vtiligos are connected with the greying process, which is more intense with increasing age. Vtiligios are commonly found in grey horses, at the same locations as dermal melanoma. The places are perianal area under the tail, around the vulva, lips, eyes and around the penis.
Melanoma formations are divided according to whether they occur in Grey horses or other colored horses and whether they have a benign or malignant potential. A further breakdown of melanomas at grey horses is whether it is a separate, smaller segments or large, associated lesions, when this condition is called dermal melanomatosis.
At the end of the thesis there is a description of the treatment options for melanoma. The most effective appears to be a surgical removal of smaller formations. There were studies which have examined the anticancer action of the drug cimetidine but the results are not yet sufficiently conclusive. As preventing the occurrence of melanoma in grey horses it is appropriate to implement the necessary measures and individuals who are concerned should not be included in the next breeding.
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Political aspects of local government – elections and voting behaviour of inhabitants of municipalities of Blovice city
Jan, Jaroslav ; Kopřiva, Radek (advisor)
Despite the transformation of party systems both at the national and sub-national political decision-making levels of politics, the hallmark of local political life of the municipality of Blovice city is a relative stability of the local party system. This fact is the basis of the Master thesis which aims to assess the nature of the electoral behavior of the local electorate in the elections to the municipal council with the ambition to evaluate the utility of the theory that is based on locally contextual interpretation. Partial objectives of the thesis that contribute to the main goal are the following: a description of the results of elections that are decisive for a development of the party system of Blovice city, a description of variables that underlie the permanent electoral support for the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the characteristics of electoral behavior of the local electorate. Thesis will be designed as a case study. A research will be based on voting decisions of electorate of Blovice city. The objects of the research will be the voters who participate in the elections to the municipal council and representatives of local politics and territorial autonomy. Value attitudes and voting behavior of voters will be assessed on the basis of data obtained by questionnaire. Electoral support of parties will be evaluated on the basis of data from unstructured interviews with local politicians (especially those from the party ODS). A local political life and in particular the election results will be described thanks to data published by the Czech Statistical Office (available on www.volby.cz).
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Political aspects of local government – elections and voting behaviour of inhabitants of municipalities of Blovice city
Jan, Jaroslav ; Kopřiva, Radek (advisor)
Despite the transformation of party systems both at the national and sub-national political decision-making levels of politics, the hallmark of local political life of the municipality of Blovice city is a relative stability of the local party system. This fact is the basis of the Master thesis which aims to assess the nature of the electoral behavior of the local electorate in the elections to the municipal council with the ambition to evaluate the utility of the theory that is based on locally contextual interpretation. Partial objectives of the thesis that contribute to the main goal are the following: a description of the results of elections that are decisive for a development of the party system of Blovice city, a description of variables that underlie the permanent electoral support for the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the characteristics of electoral behavior of the local electorate. Thesis will be designed as a case study. A research will be based on voting decisions of electorate of Blovice city. The objects of the research will be the voters who participate in the elections to the municipal council and representatives of local politics and territorial autonomy. Value attitudes and voting behavior of voters will be assessed on the basis of data obtained by questionnaire. Electoral support of parties will be evaluated on the basis of data from unstructured interviews with local politicians (especially those from the party ODS). A local political life and in particular the election results will be described thanks to data published by the Czech Statistical Office (available on www.volby.cz).
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Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth: Evidence from European Industrial Sector
Adjei, David Danquah
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze and estimate the impact of research and development (R&D) on the economy of the EU. The impact of Labour Force and Gross Fixed Capital Formation are also investigated alongside. Using Ordinary Least Squares method and data from 1993 to 2013, the results show that R&D in the form of Gross Expenditure on R&D in the EU plays a positive significant role in economic growth as well as the other factors; labour force and gross fixed capital formation. Graphical analysis of factors that influence R&D in member states show that the R&D efforts and intensities are very dissimilar. Based on these, this paper recommends a two-prong approach by the EU to increase R&D and Innovation intensity by focusing on increasing R&D intensity in both private and public sectors of individual member states. Apart from governments providing more fiscal support for R&D, the EU is advised to introduce a more detailed R&D scoreboard which will cover both private and public sectors of member states to highlight the real situation of R&D in the Union. This paper concludes that the EU 3% target of R&D intensity by the year 2020 is only possible if they will focus more on increasing the intensity as recommended
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Effect of water deficit on the energy content of individual plant organs in selected species of leafy vegetables
Šimůnková, Petra ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Česká, Jana (referee)
This work presents the impact of water deficit on dry mass production and photosynthetic accumulation of energy on every single plant´s organs of selected plant species. As a chosen experimental material were taken plants of Spinacea oleracea "Matador" sort and Tetragonia tetragonioides.
Spinacea oleracea and Tetragonia tetragonioides plants were grown in containers 11x11cm large in mixture of garden substrate A with silicon sand (2:1) in 2 variations placed in FAPPZ greenhouses. One variation was for control and second was exposed to stress reaction. Control variation had been watered for whole time of experiment with 50ml of water 2 times per week. Stressed one had been watered after puncturing and 6. taking until the end of experiment.
During the plant´s ontogenetic evolution had been monitored dry mass´s weight on singular plant´s organs. With usage of burnt calorimetry method had been monitored capacity of photosynteticaly accumulated energy in dry mass. Quantity of netto energy had been found out by dry burning adiabatic calorimeter LAGEST MS 10A.
From the gained results emerge, that plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have 2 times higher weight growth apart from Spinacea oleracea. Control plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have higher weight by 25,5% (123 mg) compared to the plants growing in water deficit. Likewise higher weight of roots had been observed on control plants (41 mg) compared to the stressed plants (40 g). Control spinach plants had higher weight of above-ground biomass by 19,5% compared to the stressed ones (43 mg). Roots of control plants had lower weight compared to stressed variant by 2960 mg.
From the results emerge, that plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have higher weight of roots dry mass and above-ground biomass compared to the Spinacea oleracea plants.
Burning heat without ashes was on above-ground biomass of control plants Tetragonia tetragonioide on 15,96 kJ.g-1 level and on stressed plants 14,93 kJ.g-1 . In case of Spinacea oleracea plants was amount of control plants energy 14,98 kJ.g-1 and on stressed 14,21 kJ.g-1.
Burnt heat without root ashes of Tetragonia tetragonioides control plants was higher by 1.11 kJ.g-1 then on stressed ones (13,19 kJ.g-1). In case of Spinacea oleracea plants was amount of roots energy on control plants 11,90 kJ.g-1 and on stressed 11,72 kJ.g-1 .
Based on measurement were verified differences between species in reaction on water deficit and observed characteristic. From measuring emerged, that Spinacea oleracea plants are more sensitive on effect of water deficit compared to the Tetragonia tetragonioides
plants, which is more tolerant. Next thing observed is, that there are differences in amount of dry mass and rate of burnt heat in relation on effect of water deficit.
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Colonisation of islands by the insectivorous mammals
Matějů, Petr ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Kristýna, Kristýna (referee)
Biological invasions are a serious problem worldwide. Besides the natural colonizations mediated by tectonic movements or formation of a land bridge connection, there are also the artificial ones. Humans can deliberately or undeliberately translocate species across ecosystems. Recently, mainly because of the buisness and tourism there is a dramatical increase in human-mediated biological invasions. Many authors, who discussed invasions in the past, were focused on rodents. Despite its severe impact on the ecosystems the topic of insectivorous mammals remains relatively untouched by scientists so far. Practical part of this thesis is focused on the Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) and his dispersal in the Mediterranean area. Mitochondrial control region sequences of 28 samples were analyzed and compared to already published data from GenBank. Discussion was made through phylogenetical analysis. Main topics of discussion were focused on a possible contemporaneity and a course of transfer of the gene flow. Most of the samples showed haplotype similarity with individuals occupying the closest mainland. On the other hand samples from Skyros did not go with the trend. They matched with haplotype from Crete.
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